Demographics of Djibouti

Last updated
Demographics of Djibouti
Djibouti single age population pyramid 2020.png
Djibouti population pyramid in 2020
Population994,017 (2019)
Growth rate2.23% (2014)
Birth rate25.27 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
Death rate8.23 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
Life expectancy62.4 years (2014)
 • male59.93 years
 • female64.94 years
Fertility rate2.79 children born/woman (2010)
Infant mortality rate53.31 deaths/1,000 infants (2012 est.) [1]
Age structure
0–14 years35% (male 132,592/female 132,114)
15–64 years61.7% (male 206,323/female 260,772)
65 and over3.3% (male 11,349/female 13,924)
Sex ratio
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151 male(s)/female
15–64 years0.8 male(s)/female
65 and over0.81 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityDjiboutian
Major ethnic Somali 50%
Afar 40%
Language
Spoken Somali (official), Afar (official), French(official), Arabic (non-official),

Demographic features of Djibouti include population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

Contents

Ethnic groups

Main ethnic groups in Djibouti. Ethno-Demography of Djibouti.png
Main ethnic groups in Djibouti.

Djibouti is a multiethnic country. As of 2018, it has a population of around 884,017 inhabitants [2] [3] . Djibouti's population grew rapidly during the latter half of the 20th century, increasing from about 69,589 in 1955 to around 869,099 by 2015. [4]

The ethnic composition of Djibouti is 56.2% Somali, 24.2% Afar, 15.6% Arabs, 6.675% Djibouti Arabs (indigenous), 4.525% Yemenis, 4.4% Omanis and 5% others. The Somali clan component is mainly composed of the Issa clan (Dir), followed by the Gadabuursi and the Isaaq. [5]

The remaining 5% of Djibouti's population primarily consists of Ethiopians and Europeans (French, Italian and Swedish). In addition, as of 2021, 4,000 American troops, 1,350 French troops, 600 Japanese troops, 400 Chinese troops, and an unknown number of German troops are stationed at various bases throughout Djibouti. Approximately 76% of local residents are urban dwellers; the remainder are pastoralists. [6] 40,000 people from Yemen live in Djibouti, accounting for 4.525% of its total population. "Domestic abuse adds to Yemeni refugee women's woes in Djibouti". [7] [8] [9]

Languages

Issa woman from Djibouti ca.1930-1950.jpg
An Issa woman in nomadic attire.
An Afar nomad.jpg
An Afar man in nomadic attire.

Djibouti is a multilingual nation. [6] The majority of local residents speak Somali (650,000 speakers in Djibouti city and Ali Sabieh) and Afar (300,000 speakers) as a first language. These languages are the mother tongues of the Somali and Afar ethnic groups, respectively. Both languages belong to the larger Afroasiatic family. There are 2 official languages in Djibouti: Arabic and French. [10]

Arabic is of religious importance. In formal settings, it consists of Modern Standard Arabic. Colloquially, about 59,000 local residents speak the Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic dialect, also known as Djibouti Arabic. French serves as a statutory national language. It was inherited from the colonial period, and is the primary language of instruction. Around 17,000 Djiboutians speak it as a first language. Immigrant languages include Omani Arabic (38,900 speakers), Amharic (1,400 speakers), Greek (1,000 speakers) and Hindi (600 speakers). [10]

Population

1960–2012
YearPop.±% p.a.
196083,636—    
1969149,887+6.70%
1977277,750+8.02%
1980359,247+8.95%
1994652,793+4.36%
2000722,887+1.71%
2012859,652+1.45%
Source: World Bank [11]

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects [2] [3] , the total population was 1,105,557 in 2021 compared to 62,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 35.8%, 60.9% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% was 65 years or older. [4]

Total populationPopulation aged 0–14 (%)Population aged 15–64 (%)Population aged 65+ (%)
195062 00046.851.22.0
195570 00046.052.02.0
196085 00045.452.52.0
1965117 00044.953.02.0
1970162 00045.852.22.1
1975224 00045.952.02.1
1980340 00045.352.52.2
1985403 00044.653.12.3
1990562 00044.253.42.4
1995627 00043.454.12.5
2000732 00041.355.92.7
2005808 00038.558.53.0
2010889 00035.860.93.3
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 29.V.2009): [12]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total440 066378 093818 159100
0–449 86341 26991 13211.14
5–956 11741 269101 27112.38
10–1448 13537 33785 47210.45
15–1946 35139 28385 63410.47
20–2443 78640 27284 05810.27
25–2940 22241 99582 21710.05
30–3435 55833 99769 5558.50
35–3929 56326 51256 0746.85
40–4425 24719 73444 9815.50
45–4919 47015 45634 9264.27
50–5416 36312 47928 8413.53
55–5910 3257 86018 1852.22
60–648 4956 67715 1721.85
65+10 57210 06920 6412.52
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14154 115119 875273 99033.49
15–64275 379248 149523 52863.99
65+10 57210 06920 6412.52
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2021): [13]
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total527 817473 6361 001 452100
0–450 74449 747100 49110.03
5–954 48753 200107 68710.75
10–1452 81145 85498 6659.85
15–1950 16740 50790 6749.05
20–2448 04440 02988 0728.79
25–2945 20938 99984 2088.41
30–3442 44538 72381 1688.11
35–3939 07736 79875 8747.58
40–4434 76132 80967 5706.75
45–4929 88128 05657 9365.79
50–5424 44221 93746 3794.63
55–5919 30916 50835 8173.58
60–6414 34011 88826 2292.62
65-699 9758 07718 0531.80
70-746 2605 15811 4181.14
75-793 4442 9536 3970.64
80+2 4212 3934 8140.48
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–14158 042148 801306 84330.64
15–64347 675306 254653 92965.30
65+22 10018 58140 6814.06

Projections

The following are UN medium variant projections; numbers are in thousands: [4]

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Djibouti is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [4]

PeriodLive births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR*CDR*NC*TFR*IMR*
1950-19553 0002 0001 00050.028.321.77.80222
1955-19604 0002 0002 00050.725.725.07.80203
1960-19655 0002 0003 00051.223.827.47.80185
1965-19707 0003 0004 00050.321.628.67.60169
1970-19759 0004 0005 00047.819.428.47.20154
1975-198013 0005 0008 00045.217.427.86.80141
1980-198516 0006 00011 00044.015.528.66.60125
1985-199021 0007 00014 00043.114.528.66.40117
1990-199524 0008 00016 00040.113.426.75.85109
1995-200023 0008 00015 00034.412.222.25.11100
2000-200524 0009 00015 00031.211.319.94.5291
2005-201025 0009 00016 00029.410.518.93.9582
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

Life expectancy

PeriodLife expectancy in
Years [14]
1950–195541.04
1955–1960Increase2.svg 42.95
1960–1965Increase2.svg 45.18
1965–1970Increase2.svg 47.35
1970–1975Increase2.svg 50.90
1975–1980Increase2.svg 52.55
1980–1985Increase2.svg 54.67
1985–1990Increase2.svg 56.12
1990–1995Increase2.svg 57.02
1995–2000Steady2.svg 57.02
2000–2005Increase2.svg 57.29
2005–2010Increase2.svg 59.05
2010–2015Increase2.svg 61.62

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022: [15]

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook: [16]

Population

957,273 (2022 est.)
884,017 (July 2018 est.)
828,324 (July 2015 est.)

Religions

Sunni Muslim 94% (nearly all Djiboutians), other 6% (mainly foreign-born residents - Shia Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Baha'i, and atheist)

Age structure

Population pyramid of Djibouti in 2022 Djibouti single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Djibouti in 2022
0-14 years: 29.97% (male 138,701/female 137,588)
15-24 years: 20.32% (male 88,399/female 98,955)
25-54 years: 40.73% (male 156,016/female 219,406)
55-64 years: 5.01% (male 19,868/female 26,307)
65 years and over: 3.97% (male 16,245/female 20,319) (2020 est.)
0-14 years: 30.71% (male 136,191 /female 135,263)
15-24 years: 21.01% (male 87,520 /female 98,239)
25-54 years: 39.63% (male 145,427 /female 204,927)
55-64 years: 4.82% (male 18,967 /female 23,639)
65 years and over: 3.83% (male 15,136 /female 18,708) (2018 est.)

Median age

total: 24.9 years. Country comparison to the world: 163rd
male: 23 years
female: 26.4 years (2020 est.)
total: 24.2 years. Country comparison to the world: 165th
male: 22.4 years
female: 25.7 years (2018 est.)
Total: 22.8 years
Male: 21.1 years
Female: 24.1 years (2014 est.)

Birth rate

22.25 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 58th
23.3 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 59th

Death rate

7.12 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 116th
7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 109th

Total fertility rate

2.13 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 93rd
2.15 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 91st
2.27 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 90th

Net migration rate

4.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 24th
5.7 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 19th

Population growth rate

1.97% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 42nd
2.13% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 42nd
2.18% (2016 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

19% (2012)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 56.5 (2015 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 50.1 (2015 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 6.4 (2015 est.)
potential support ratio: 15.6 (2015 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 78.4% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 1.56% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
urban population: 77.8% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 1.67% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Major cities - population

DJIBOUTI (capital) 562,000 (2018)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.89 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.71 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.85 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2014 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 65.3 years. Country comparison to the world: 203rd
male: 62.72 years
female: 67.96 years (2022 est.)
total population: 64 years (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 191st
male: 61.4 years (2018 est.)
female: 66.6 years (2018 est.)
Total population: 62.4 years
Male: 59.93 years
Female: 64.94 years (2014 est.)

HIV/AIDS

adult prevalence rate: 1.2% (2012 est.)
people living with HIV/AIDS: 7,700 (2012 est.)
deaths: 690 (2012 est.)

Major infectious diseases

degree of risk: high (2020)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: dengue fever

note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Djibouti is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, the CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine

Nationality

Djiboutien or Djiboutian

Ethnic groups

Afar 35%, Somali 60% and Arab 2% [6]

Languages

The languages of Djibouti are: [6]

French (official)
Arabic (official)
Somali
Afar

Education expenditures

3.6% of GDP (2018)
Ranked 116th in the world

Literacy

definition: proportion of population aged 15 and over that can read and write
total population: 67.9%
male: 60%
female: 58.4% (2003 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 7 years
male: 7 years
female: 7 years (2011)
total: 6 years (2011)
male: 7 years (2011)
female: 6 years (2011)

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References

  1. ↑ "CIA – The World Factbook: Infant Mortality Rate". Archived from the original on November 19, 2012. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
  2. 1 2 "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  3. 1 2 "World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XSLX) ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision".
  5. ↑ "Refworld | Somalia: Information on the Issa and the Issaq".
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Africa :: Djibouti". CIA The World Factbook. 14 April 2022.
  7. ↑ "US Signs Long-Term Lease for Military Base in Djibouti | Voice of America - English".
  8. ↑ "Tracer des frontières à Djibouti".
  9. ↑ DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE, INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM (1967). "French Somaliland" (PDF). Intelligence Memorandum. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 23, 2017.
  10. 1 2 "Djibouti - Languages". Ethnologue. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
  11. ↑ "World Bank" . Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  12. ↑ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  13. ↑ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  14. ↑ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 2018-08-26.
  15. ↑ "Djibouti Population 2022", World Population Review
  16. ↑ PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain : "The World FactBook - Djibouti", The World Factbook , 2022
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