Demographics of Senegal

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Demographics of Senegal
Senegal single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Senegal in 2020
Population17,923,036 (2022 est.)
Growth rate2.57% (2022 est.)
Birth rate31.51 births/1,000 population
Death rate5.08 deaths/1,000 population
Life expectancy69.96 years
  male68.23 years
  female71.77 years
Fertility rate4.27 children
Infant mortality rate32.44 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Sex ratio
Total0.97 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.05 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalitySenegalese
Language
OfficialFrench

Demographic features of the population of Senegal include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Contents

About 42% of Senegal's population is rural. In rural areas, population density varies from about 77 per square kilometer (200/mile²) in the west-central region to 2 per square kilometer (5/mile²) in the arid eastern section. The average population density for the country is 68 people per square kilometer (180 people/sq mi). [1] French is the official language but is used regularly only by the literate minority. Almost all Senegalese speak an indigenous language, of which Wolof has the largest usage. Many Senegalese live in Europe, particularly in France, Italy and Spain.

Population

Demographics of Senegal, From UN estimates; Number of inhabitants in millions. Senegal population.svg
Demographics of Senegal, From UN estimates; Number of inhabitants in millions.

According to the 2018 revision of the World Population Review [1] the total population was 16,302,789 in May 2018, compared to only 2,416,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2017 was 41.5%, between 15 and 54 years of age was 31.1%, while 55 years or older was 6.9%. [2]

Total populationPopulation aged 0–14 (%)Population aged 15–64 (%)Population aged 65+ (%)
19502,416,00041.655.03.4
19552,684,00041.555.62.9
19603,048,00041.955.52.6
19653,505,00043.054.62.4
19704,096,00044.353.52.3
19754,786,00045.352.52.2
19805,414,00047.250.52.2
19856,232,00047.750.02.3
19907,242,00047.250.42.4
19958,369,00046.251.32.5
20009,506,00045.452.12.5
200510,872,00044.453.12.5
201012,434,00043.753.92.4
201714,668,52241.555.52.9

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (Estimates 1.VII.2020) (Data refer to national projections.): [3]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total8 456 4868 504 04016 960 525100
0–41 373 7441 294 2572 668 00215.73
5–91 219 7361 146 7692 366 50513.95
10–141 066 7801 005 2572 072 03712.22
15–19919 100893 5991 812 70010.69
20–24762 949805 8771 568 8269.25
25–29640 669694 1251 334 7947.87
30–34527 920562 8521 090 7726.43
35–39433 152466 088899 2405.30
40–44335 430374 282709 7114.18
45–49278 289309 644587 9333.47
50–54244 474259 784504 2592.97
55–59200 080208 825408 9053.41
60–64149 832154 155303 9861.79
65–69112 949116 334229 2841.35
70–7480 35584 366164 7210.97
75-7952 03658 255110 2920.65
80+58 98869 570128 5580.76
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–143 660 2603 446 2837 106 54341.90
15–644 491 8984 729 2329 221 13054.37
65+304 328328 525632 8533.73

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Senegal is not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [4]

Mid-year populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate (TFR) Infant mortality (per 1000 births) Life expectancy (in years)
19502,496,065128,93570,14958,78651.728.123.56.79148.636.43
19512,561,152131,81371,37360,44051.527.923.66.79146.436.92
19522,628,508134,81272,65862,15451.327.723.76.79144.437.36
19532,698,414137,96073,51964,44151.227.323.96.80142.337.81
19542,771,247141,38474,40666,97851.126.924.26.82140.338.20
19552,847,262144,93575,13469,80151.026.424.56.83138.438.63
19562,926,572148,59375,94072,65350.826.024.96.86136.739.04
19573,008,862151,95176,95175,00050.625.625.06.89135.339.36
19583,093,941155,90378,33077,57350.525.325.16.92134.339.55
19593,182,056160,36879,82080,54850.525.125.36.96133.739.74
19603,273,177164,73581,54683,18950.424.925.47.00133.339.88
19613,367,082169,34283,61385,72950.424.925.57.04133.339.92
19623,463,524173,82686,01787,80950.324.925.47.08133.439.86
19633,562,469178,10188,19089,91150.124.825.37.12133.739.88
19643,664,599182,55290,46592,08749.924.725.27.16133.939.89
19653,770,874187,66392,99694,66749.824.725.17.19134.039.84
19663,881,994192,91795,10597,81249.824.525.27.22133.939.96
19673,997,869198,28797,316100,97149.724.425.37.24133.540.08
19684,117,659203,61899,372104,24649.524.225.47.25132.940.27
19694,240,859209,482101,478108,00449.524.025.57.26132.040.46
19704,367,744215,753103,029112,72449.523.625.97.26130.740.83
19714,498,616222,237104,511117,72649.523.326.27.26128.941.22
19724,633,452228,423105,472122,95149.422.826.67.26126.641.75
19734,772,039234,397105,414128,98349.222.127.17.26124.042.56
19744,911,421240,854105,802135,05249.021.527.57.25121.043.21
19755,047,922247,687105,209142,47849.020.828.27.25117.544.10
19765,181,195254,743104,054150,68949.120.029.07.26113.745.10
19775,308,297260,572102,502158,07048.919.229.77.27109.746.15
19785,433,225264,864100,615164,24948.618.530.17.28105.947.20
19795,564,474268,81398,791170,02248.217.730.57.29102.348.20
19805,703,869273,84397,249176,59447.917.030.97.2999.349.14
19815,852,029279,09396,624182,46947.616.531.17.2896.749.85
19826,008,392284,05996,003188,05647.215.931.27.2594.450.56
19836,171,874288,73295,783192,94946.715.531.27.1992.151.15
19846,341,801292,55994,444198,11546.014.931.27.1189.552.02
19856,520,705296,68393,381203,30245.414.331.17.0186.752.76
19866,710,885299,03890,601208,43744.513.531.06.9083.153.93
19876,909,837303,19488,930214,26443.812.931.06.7979.854.82
19887,113,636304,42886,919217,50942.812.230.56.5876.855.77
19897,321,832309,50586,161223,34442.211.830.56.4874.556.44
19907,536,001316,62086,250230,37042.011.430.56.4072.956.95
19917,754,289320,60187,599233,00241.311.330.06.2772.157.14
19927,974,514325,94689,871236,07540.811.329.66.1571.957.11
19938,196,551332,14792,654239,49340.511.329.26.0572.157.00
19948,416,997335,89195,143240,74839.811.328.65.9272.556.96
19958,632,681342,32497,963244,36139.611.328.35.8273.056.84
19968,843,423348,436101,013247,42339.311.427.95.7273.456.67
19979,051,539356,266103,620252,64639.311.427.85.6473.256.59
19989,261,526363,901106,679257,22239.211.527.75.5872.656.42
19999,478,564374,758108,241266,51739.411.428.05.5771.456.61
20009,704,287381,017108,766272,25139.211.228.05.5069.256.94
20019,938,027387,416107,728279,68838.910.828.15.4166.457.56
200210,180,950394,576106,349288,22738.710.428.25.3163.158.23
200310,434,504403,780103,869299,91138.69.928.75.2559.559.12
200410,698,691411,222101,255309,96738.49.428.95.1855.960.03
200510,974,057422,54798,881323,66638.49.029.45.1952.760.92
200611,263,387436,40696,823339,58338.78.630.15.2049.561.75
200711,563,869442,23594,763347,47238.28.230.05.1146.862.54
200811,872,929450,75893,168357,59037.97.830.15.0544.363.24
200912,195,029465,65891,835373,82338.17.530.65.0842.163.92
201012,530,121473,81990,265383,55437.77.230.65.0640.064.62
201112,875,880483,82488,945394,87937.56.930.65.0438.265.26
201213,231,833493,25089,885403,36537.26.830.45.0136.465.46
201313,595,566501,50788,577412,93036.86.530.34.9634.766.07
201413,970,308508,20388,400419,80336.36.330.04.9133.166.45
201514,356,181508,14787,797420,35035.46.129.24.7831.566.88
201614,751,356511,96086,228425,73234.75.828.84.6829.967.50
201715,157,793519,21286,790432,42234.25.728.54.6228.567.75
201815,574,909529,31486,967442,34734.05.628.44.5827.268.10
201916,353,000497,00098,000399,00030.46.024.44.1027.167.7
202016,789,000503,000102,000401,00029.96.123.94.0026.067.5
202117,221,000512,000109,000403,00029.76.123.43.9425.166.9
202217,651,000520,000104,000416,00029.55.926.73.8625.167.8
202318,078,000532,000101,000431,00029.45.623.83.8224.168.7

Demographic and Health Surveys

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): [5] [6]

YearTotalUrbanRural
CBRTFRCBRTFRCBRTFR
1980-827.46.37.9
1983-856.65.47.1
1992-9340.86.03 (5.1)37.45.06 (3.8)42.96.74 (5.9)
1997375.67 (4.6)314.29 (3.2)426.74 (5.6)
1999365.2303.9406.1
200539.35.3 (4.5)33.44.1 (3.3)44.06.4 (5.7)
2008–200937.34.933.44.040.15.8
2010–201137.45.0 (3.2)32.33.9 (2.6)41.66.0 (3.8)
2012–201338.65.332.94.142.76.3
201437.65.0 (3.7)33.44.0 (3.1)41.66.3 (4.4)
201535.74.9 (4.3)28.13.5 (3.1)41.56.1 (5.4)
201634.64.7 (4.2)27.23.5 (3.1)40.85.9 (5.2)
201733.74.6 (4.0)27.13.4 (3.0)39.25.9 (5.1)
201832.74.4 (4.0)27.23.2 (3.0)37.05.5 (5.0)
201934.04.729.23.837.85.6
2020–202128.73.924.73.131.84.7
202329.64.0 (3.6)26.03.3 (2.9)32.74.7 (4.2)

Fertility data by region (DHS Program): [7]

RegionTFR
(2005)
TFR
(2010/11)
TFR
(2017)
TFR
(2023)
Dakar 3.73.73.03.1
Thiès 5.44.84.63.9
Diourbel 6.25.25.84.1
Kaolack 5.96.05.24.3
Kaffrine 6.56.26.0
Louga 5.64.85.14.0
Fatick 6.86.35.24.6
Ziguinchor 5.04.84.63.7
Sédhiou 6.96.45.5
Kolda 6.36.85.54.9
Matam 3.75.45.34.5
Saint-Louis 5.35.04.73.6
Kédougou 6.16.45.2
Tambacounda 6.26.05.84.4

Life expectancy

PeriodLife expectancy in
Years [8]
1950–195535.47
1955–1960Increase2.svg 37.49
1960–1965Increase2.svg 38.62
1965–1970Decrease2.svg 38.41
1970–1975Increase2.svg 40.91
1975–1980Increase2.svg 46.50
1980–1985Increase2.svg 51.27
1985–1990Increase2.svg 56.05
1990–1995Increase2.svg 57.59
1995–2000Decrease2.svg 57.25
2000–2005Increase2.svg 58.93
2005–2010Increase2.svg 62.41
2010–2015Increase2.svg 65.71

Ethnic groups

Wolof 37.1%, Pular 26.2%, Serer 17%, Mandinka 5.6%, Jola 4.5%, Soninke 1.4%, Other 8.3% (2017) [9]
Population of Senegal according to ethnic group in 1976 and 1988
Ethnic
group
census 1976 [10] census 1988 [11]
Number %Number %
Wolof 2,001,416
41.0%
2,890,402
42.7%
Serer 716,919
14.7%
1,009,921
14.9%
Peul 605,584
12.4%
978,366
14.4%
Toucouleur 528,490
10.8%
631,892
9.3%
Diola 265,353
5.4%
357,672
5.3%
Mandingue 179,050
3.7%
245,651
3.6%
Soce 42,751
0.6%
Sarakhole 84,102
1.7%
113,184
1.7%
Bambara 65,096
1.3%
91,071
1.3%
Maure 59,784
1.2%
67,726
1.0%
Mandjaag 41,628
0.9%
66,605
1.0%
Lebou 94,837
1.9%
56,758
0.8%
Balant 33,915
0.7%
54,398
0.8%
Malinke 202,472
4.1%
28,643
0.4%
Mancagne 23,180
0.3%
Laobe 18,250
0.3%
Bassari 6,195
0.1%
Khassonke 1,752
0.0%
Coniagui 1,119
0.0%
Fula 108
0.0%
Other87,773
1.3%
Total4,879,1036,773,417

Languages

French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Hassaniya Arabic, Serer, Jola, Mandinka, Soninke, Arabic [a]

Religion

The religious beliefs of the 2016 population of Senegal are: Muslim 96.1% (mostly Sunni), Christian 3.6% (mostly Roman Catholic), animist 0.3%. [9]

Emigration

Senegal was historically a destination country for neighboring economic migrants, but in recent decades West African migrants more often use Senegal as a transit point to North Africa, or as a stop before continuing illegally onward to Europe. [9] The country also has been host to several thousand black Mauritanian refugees since they were expelled from Mauritania during the 1989 border conflict with Senegal. The country's economic crisis in the 1970s stimulated emigration; departures accelerated from the 1990s. Destinations shifted from neighboring countries to Libya and Mauritania, because of their booming oil industries, and to France, Italy and Spain. [9]

See also

Notes

  1. Arabic is taught as a second language for religious reasons within the Senegalese educational system. [12]

References

  1. 1 2 World Population Review: Senegal Population 2018, 14 June 2018
  2. Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision Archived 6 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  3. "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  4. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2022). "World Population Prospects 2022 Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XLS (91MB)). United Nations Population Division . 27 (Online ed.). New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. rows 5981:6052,cols M,X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022.
  5. "MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys". microdata.worldbank.org.
  6. "STATcompiler". www.statcompiler.com. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  7. "STATcompiler". statcompiler.com. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  8. "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Africa :: SENEGAL". The World Factbook. CIA. 19 April 2022.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  10. Rapport National de Présentation du Recensement Général de la Population 1976 (RGP I) Archived 13 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  11. "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org.
  12. Falola, Toyin (30 November 2017). Africanizing Knowledge: African Studies Across the Disciplines. Routledge. p. 190. ISBN   978-1-351-32438-0.