Joof family

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Joof family
Sable bull.jpg
The totem and symbol of the Joof family is the antelope, symbolizing grace, royalty, wisdom, hard work and protection in Serer mythology.
Country Kingdom of Baol
Kingdom of Sine
Kingdom of Saloum
Takrur (the Serers lineage
Senegal (present-day)
Gambia (former colony of Saloum)
Mauritania (previously as Lamanes)
Founder Lamane Jegan Joof (c. 11th century)
Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof(c. 1290)
Final ruler Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof (King of Sine, 1924-69)
Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof (King of Saloum, 1935-69)
Lamane Njaga Dibor Ndoffene Joof (Lamane Diaga Dibor Ndofene Diouf) - Lamane of Tukar (2004)
Titles Lamane
Maad
Maad a Sinig
Teigne
Maad Saloum
Bour
Dissolution1969 (last kings of Sine and Saloum), 2004 last known Lamane of Tukar
Cadet branches

Joof (English spelling in the Gambia) or Diouf (French spelling in Senegal and Mauritania) is a surname that is typically Serer. This surname is also spelt Juuf or Juf (in the Serer language).

Contents

Though there are multiple spellings for this surname, they all refer to the same people. The differences in spelling came about because Senegal was colonized by France, while the Gambia was colonized by the United Kingdom. Although spelt differently, they are pronounced the same way.

The totem and symbol of the Joof family is the antelope, the symbol of grace, royalty, wisdom, hard work and protection in Serer mythology. The name of their clan is "Njoofene" variations: "Njuufeen" or "Njufeen" (in Serer). [1] [2] Members of this family had ruled over many of the pre-colonial kingdoms of Senegambia, including the Kingdom of Sine, the Kingdom of Saloum and the Kingdom of Baol. The royal princesses (Lingeers) from the Joof family were also given in marriage to the pre-colonial kings and princes of Senegambia. Some of these included the kings of Jolof, kings of Waalo, kings of Cayor and Baol (after 1549 following the Battle of Danki). From these marriages, they provided many heirs to the thrones of these kingdoms. [3] [4] Although usually associated with Serer royalty, the Joof family also figure prominently in Serer religious affairs.

History of the Joof family

The Wagadou period

The Joof family is one of the old families of Senegambia. Serer oral tradition speaks of a noble called Lamane Jegan Joof, owner of a large herd of livestock and estate who was also a farmer. He migrated from Lambaye following an argument with his relative, the king of Lambaye. The dispute concerned the governance of Lambaye and over-taxation of his herd which he considered unjust. As such, he decided to head south and founded Tukar with his younger brother Ndik Joof. The tradition then went on to say that, he had a son called Sosseh Joof (Socé Diouf) who was the heir of Tukar. [5] Some scholars have proposed that, Tukar (and many of its surrounding villages such as Njujuf, Sob, etc., which were founded by Lamane Jegan Joof making them part of his estate and colony) now a rather large village in present-day Senegal, is an ancient village and well before the Guelowar period (1335 [6] ) and placed the foundation of these villages in the 11th century, if not earlier. [7] [8] The Joof family had ruled Tukar for many centuries, inherited from their ancestor Lamane Jegan Joof through the Serer Lamanic custom, a rather strict custom of Serer land law and inheritance. In 2004, Lamane Njaga Dibor Ndoffene Joof (Lamane Diaga Dibor Ndofene Diouf) was the last lamane of Tukar. [9]

In the early history of the Ghana Empire to its end, the royal princesses of the Empire married into the Serer aristocratic families, some of these included Joof family. These royal princesses belonged to the maternal clan Wagadou (Bagadou in Serer language). With the Joof paternal clan, they ruled the Kingdom of Baol and provided many kings from the patrilineage Joof (the Joof paternal dynasty of Baol). Some of these kings include Boureh Joof (Bouré Diouf), Guidiane Joof (Guidiane Diouf), Ma Joof, Jinak Dialane [probably Gnilane] Joof, Maguinak Joof, etc. These kings preceded the Guelowar period by at least two or three centuries and long before the Fall paternal dynasty of Baol and Cayor who inherited the throne around 1549 after the Battle of Danki. The general consensus is that, after the demise of the Joof paternal and Wagadou maternal dynasties of Baol with other Serer paternal dynasties who jointly ruled Baol, the Fall paternal dynasty succeeded them, hence the first Damels and Teignes (titles of the kings of Cayor and Baol, respectively) from the Fall patrilineage were of Wagadou maternal descent. They simply married into the old royal family and succeeded to the throne. [10] [11]

The 11th-century legendary figure Amar Godomat or Ama Gôdô Maat, né. Ama Kodu Joof, is a member of this family.

The Guelowar period

Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof, from The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof, King of Sine from c. 1898 to 1924 Buur Sine Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof.jpg
Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof, from The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof, King of Sine from c. 1898 to 1924

The Guelowar period starts from 1350 during the reign of the first Guelowar king of Sine - Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali [12] [13] and ends in 1969 after the death of the last king of Sine and Saloum (Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof and Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof respectively). [14] [15]

Maysa Wali and his family (the maternal clan Guelowar) fled Kaabu in 1335 following a dynastic struggle. They were defeated by the Ñaanco maternal dynasty of Kaabu (their extended relatives) and were granted asylum in the Kingdom of Sine by a Serer noble Council called The Great Council of Lamanes. Having served as legal advisor to this noble Council for 15 years, Maysa Wali managed to win the confidence and trust of the council and the common people. He was nominated and elected by the council and the people as king of Sine. He was the first Guelowar king of Sine. He gave his sisters in marriage to the Serer nobility which sealed the union between Serer and Guelowar. [16] It was the offspring of these marriages between the old Serer paternal noble clans and the Guelowar maternal clan of Kaabu that ruled the kingdom of Sine and later Saloum. In this Guelowar period, the Joof family (one of the oldest Serer paternal noble clans) provided many kings in the Kingdoms of Sine and Saloum (the Joof paternal dynasty of Sine and Saloum). The Joof family also founded three royal houses as follows (in the order of foundation) [17] [18] :

They all trace their descent to Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof (also known as Bour Ndaah Ndiémé Diouf or Ndaah Njeeme Juuf) - the king of Laah (or Laa) in Baol, around the 13th century. Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof was the father of Maad Niokhobai Joof (also king of Laa) who was the father of the Great Maad Patar Kolleh Joof (also: Bour or Buur Patar Kholé Diouf or Bour Patar Kholleh Diouf) - the conqueror of Baol. [17] Maad Patar Kolleh Joof was the first of the Joof family to marry a Guelowar (Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali's niece). From that marriage he had Maad a Sinig Niokhobai Mane Nyan Joof (Niokhobaye Mane Niane Diouf) and Maad a Sinig Gejopal Mane Nyan Joof (Guédiopal Niane Mane Diouf), who were the first kings of Sine during the Guelowar period from the patrilineage Joof. Their brother Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof (Diaraf Bouré Gnilane Diouf) was not a king of Sine, but a Jaraff (equivalent of Prime Minister), who gave his name to the first Royal House of the Joof Dynasty (in the Guelowar period) and it is from that "The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof" derived from, which provided several kings in Sine and Saloum. The Joof Dynasty that succeeded to the throne of Saloum came from Sine. [17] [20]

Historic battles involving this family

This table lists some of the historic battles of Senegambia involving the kings or princes belonging to this family :

The Junjung: the Serer war drum of Sine (19th century) Serer Royal War Drum (Jung-Jung). 19th Century. Jung-Jung From The Kingdom of Sine (in modern day Senegal).jpg
The Junjung : the Serer war drum of Sine (19th century)
Name of the battleMember of the clanOpponentReason for the battleVictor
The Battle of NganianeMaad Patar Kholleh Joof (The Conqueror) Teigne of Baol (King of Baol)Empire buildingMaad Patar Kholleh Joof [22]
The Battle of DiakhaoMaad a Sinig Jogo Gnilane JoofMamadou Koungo (of Koungheul)ReligionMaad a Sinig Jogo Gnilane Joof [23]
The Battle of MbellondiaréMaad a Sinig Amakodou Samba Joof (assisting the Damel of Cayor)Teigne of BaolDynastic war between the Damel of Cayor (king of Cayor) and Teigne of Baol Maad a Sinig Amakodou Samba Joof and the Damel of Cayor [24]
The Battle of SanghaieMaad a Sinig Amakodou Samba JoofTeigne of BaolEmpire buildingMaad a Sinig Amakodou Samba Joof [24]
The Battle of GagnaneMaad a Sinig Jogoy Gnilane JoofDamel-Teigne Lat Soukabe Ngoneh Jaay FallEmpire buildingDamel-Teigne Lat Soukabe Ngoneh Jaay Fall [25]
The Battle of NdoffèneThe Sandigue Ndiob Niokhobai Joof (The warlord)Maad a Sinig Njaak FayeThe Sandigue Ndiob Niokhobai Joof was fighting for the succession of his young son Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof The Sandigue Ndiob Niokhobai Joof [26]
The Battle of TioupaneThe Sandigue Ndiob Niokhobai JoofMaad a Sinig Ama Kumba Mbodj and his younger brother Barka MbodjThe Sandigue Ndiob Niokhobai Joof was fighting for the succession of his young son Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye JoofThe Sandigue Ndiob Niokhobai Joof [26] [27]
The Battle of Logandème Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof Louis Faidherbe (French governor of Senegal)

Émile Pinet-Laprade 		Resistance against French colonialism France [28] [29] [30]
The Surprise of Mbin o Ngor
(This was not an open battle but a surprise attack, also known as Mbeetan Keur Ngor).		Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof Maba Diakhou Bâ,

Damel-Teigne Lat Jor Ngoneh Latir Jobe

and their Marabout armies		Religion, vendetta and empire buildingIndecisive. The marabout army withdrew when reinforcement finally arrived, but caused severe damage before retreating. [31] [32]
The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune (also known as The Battle of Somb)Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak JoofMaba Diakhou Bâ,

Damel-Teigne Lat Jor Ngoneh Latir Jobe

and their Marabout armies		Religion, vendetta and empire buildingMaad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof [33] [34]

Genealogy

A short genealogy showing the descendants of Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof. [17] [20]

Descendants of Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof
 Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof                                                     (king of Laa, Baol, c. 1290)                                                                  │                                                         Maad Niokhobai Joof                                                         (king of Laa, Baol)                                                                  │                              ____________________________________│                             │          Maad Patar Kholleh Joof (The Conqueror)             =    ?    =              Lingeer Mane Nyan          (king of Laa, Baol and Teigne of Baol)             │    (1)    │  (daughter of Sine o Mev Manneh (Guelowar)                                                             │           │                    (2)                                                             │           │_____________________________________________                                                             │                                                        │                                                Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof                                            │                                               (Jaraff and prince of Sine)                                            │                                                                                                                      │                                             _________________________________________________________________________│                                             │                                 ┌───────────┴────────────────────────────────────────┐                                 │                         │                          │              Maad a Sinig Niokhobai Mane Nyan Joof        │           Lingeer Siga Pal Mane Nyan Joof                          (king of Sine)                   │                                                           │                                         Maad a Sinig Gejopal Mane Nyan Joof                                                    (king of Sine)

Status in Serer religion

The Joof family figure prominently in Serer religion. [35] [36] Many of the Serer Pangool (saints and ancestral spirits) came from this family. [35] Though associated with Serer royalty, this family's involvement in Serer religious affairs are found within the hermeneutics of Serer religion and traditions. Some of the sacred Serer sites regularly venerated were founded or headed by this family which underpins their involvement in the Pangool cult. [35] [36] Some of these venerated sites includes Tagdiam, residence of Maad Semou Njekeh Joof who is associated with the cult of Tagdiam; [37] [38] and Tukar, founded by Lamane Jegan Joof. In the Serer religious calendar, the Raan festival which takes place once a year after the new moon is held in Tukar. [39]

Personalities with the surname Joof, Diouf, Juuf or Juf

The surname Joof, Diouf, Juuf or Juf is carried by several personalities, some of which include:

Royalty

Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof (king of Sine). Reigned c. 1825-53). From The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof. Portrait by David Boilat taken in 1850 when he visited Joal. Catalogued in his work Esquisses senegalaises in 1853, the year the king died. SererMan.jpg
Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof (king of Sine). Reigned c. 1825–53). From The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof. Portrait by David Boilat taken in 1850 when he visited Joal. Catalogued in his work Esquisses sénégalaises in 1853, the year the king died.

Kingdom of Baol

  • Lamane Jegan Joof, founder of Tukar in the medieval era (11th century) [8] [43]
  • Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof, king of Laa (Baol; c. 1290) [17]
  • Maad Patar Kholleh Joof (The Conqueror), king of Laa (Baol) and Teigne of Baol (c. 14th century) [17] [22]
  • Teigne Jinaax Jalaan Joof (or Teeñ Jinaax Jalaan Juuf), King of Baol (Lambaye). Relative of Lamane Jegan Joof. [44]

Kingdom of Sine

Kingdom of Saloum

  • Maad Saloum Semou Jimit Joof, king of Saloum (reigned 1898–1924) [46]
  • Maad Saloum Ndeneh Jogop Joof, king of Saloum (reigned 1901–11) [46]
  • Maad Saloum Semou N'Gouye Joof, king of Saloum (reigned 1911–13) [46]
  • Maat Saloum Gori Joof, king of Saloum (reigned 1913–19) [46]
  • Maad Saloum Mahawa Choro Joof, king of Saloum (reigned 1919–35) [46]
  • Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof, king of Saloum (reigned 1935–69) [15] [46]

Kingdom of Jolof

  • Lingeer Penda Kumba Ngouille Joof, queen consort and queen mother of Jolof (wife of Bour ba Jolof Bakan Tam Boury Nabou Njie, king of Jolof, 1768–69) [47]

Kingdom of Cayor

  • Manguinak Joof, appointed Ber Jak of Cayor (equivalent of Prime Minister) by his first cousin Damel Amari Ngoneh Sobell Fall after he assisted him defeat the king of Jolof at the Battle of Danki (1549). [48]

Royal houses (Guelowar period)

Academic world

Politics

Abdou Diouf. The second president of Senegal and Secretary General of Francophonie. Le president du Senegal Abdou Diouf en 1988.jpg
Abdou Diouf. The second president of Senegal and Secretary General of Francophonie.

Some of these legal professionals have ventured into politics but they are more known for their legal than for their political occupation :

Medicine

Sports

El-Hadji Diouf. Professional footballer. Pictured after winning the Scottish League Cup with Glasgow Rangers. Diouf cropped.jpg
El-Hadji Diouf. Professional footballer. Pictured after winning the Scottish League Cup with Glasgow Rangers.

Music and entertainment

Pierre Moustapha Diouf, commonly known as Mouss Diouf, a renowned actor who had worked with personalities like Ousmane Sembene. Moussdiouf.jpg
Pierre Moustapha Diouf, commonly known as Mouss Diouf, a renowned actor who had worked with personalities like Ousmane Sembène.
  • Boucar Diouf, Senegalese humorist [75]
  • Élage Diouf  [ fr ], musician, percussionist and composer, band member of the Diouf Brothers (Les frères Diouf). [76] [77]
  • Pape Abdou Karim Diouf, brother of Élage Diouf and member of the Diouf Brothers band. [76] [77]
  • Mouss Diouf (born 1964), actor
  • Tamsier Joof, dancer, choreographer, radio personality and businessman
  • Hella Joof, actress and director (of Gambian descent).
  • Mamadou Diouf, musician and songwriter

Visual arts

The definition of art is very broad. This section list the names of visual artists (in its narrowest definition) who share this surname :

  • Cheikh Diouf, professional artist. His work is primarily based on African art, winner of many awards [78]

Business and commerce

Multi-discipline

The following list gives the names of personalities with this surname who are experts in a variety of professions, and are equally known for each of these professions. Their professional life is so wide and varied that they can not be easily described by a single category :

Other

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saltigue</span> Title for Serer high priests and priestesses

The Saltigue, are Serer high priests and priestesses who preside over the religious ceremonies and affairs of the Serer people, such as the Xooy ceremony, the biggest event in the Serer religious calendar. They usually come from ancient Serer paternal families. Such a title is usually inherited by birthright. In Serer country, Saltigue are always diviners. The scope of this article deals only with the Serer Saltigues – "diviners" and termed by some scholars as "the ministers of the religious cult"; "pastors of the people" or within the remits of these definitions.

Maad a Signig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof was the King of Sine in modern-day Senegal. Maad a Sinig means king of Sine. He ruled from 1853 until his death on 23 August 1871. He was the son of Maad Souka Ndela Joof and Lingeer Gnilane Jogoy Joof. His father – Maad Souka Ndela came from The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof founded by Maad Semou Njekeh Joof in the early 18th century, which was the third and last Royal House of Joof family of Sine and Saloum. His paternal family ruled three Kingdoms : Sine, Kingdom of Saloum and previously the Kingdom of Baol. They descended from Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof the 13th century King of Lâ (Laah) in Baol.

Joof, is a typical Serer patronym in the Gambia. In French-speaking Senegal, it is written as Diouf, whilst in English-speaking Gambia, it is written as Joof. It is the surname of:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune</span> Religious war between the Serer people and the Muslim Marabouts of the 19th century

The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune, also known as the Battle of Somb or the Battle of Somb-Tioutioune, occurred on 18 July 1867. It was a religious war between the Serer people and the Muslim Marabouts in 19th-century Senegal and the Gambia, but it also had a political and economic dimension to it: vendetta and empire-building. Fandane, Thiouthioune and Somb were part of the pre-colonial Serer Kingdom of Sine, now part of independent Senegal.

Guelowar, also spelled Gelwar, Guelwar, Guelware, Gueleware or Gueloware, was a maternal dynasty in the pre-colonial Serer kingdoms of Sine and Saloum. They were from the Mandinka ethnic group. The offspring of Mandinka women and Serer men became the kings of Sine and Saloum. The dynasty lasted from the mid-14th century to 1969, the year both kings died.

Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof was the last king to rule the Serer Kingdom of Sine, now part of independent Senegal. Maad a Sinig means king of Sine in the Serer language. He reigned from 1924 until his death in 1969. After his death, the Kingdom of Sine was incorporated into independent Senegal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof</span> 19th century Sine king

Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof was a king of Sine now part of present-day Senegal. He reigned from c. 1825 to 1853. He was fluent in several languages. He came from The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof. Maad a Sinig means king of Sine in the Serer-Sine language. The term Bur Sine is also used interchangeably with the proper title Maad a Sinig or Mad a Sinig. They both mean king Sine. Bour Sine is usually used by the Wolof people when referring to the Serer kings of Sine. The Serer people generally used the term Maad a Sinig or Mad a Sinig when referring to their kings.

Maad Semou Njekeh Joof was a member of the Joof Dynasty of the Kingdom of Sine now part of independent Senegal. Maad means king and Maad a Sinig means king of Sine in Serer. He was the founder of the Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof, founded in the early eighteenth century. His royal house was the third and last royal house founded by the Joof family of Sine and Saloum. Since its foundation, at least seven kings of Sine from his royal house had succeeded to the throne including his son Maad a Sinig Boukar Tjilas Sanghaie Joof.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buumi</span>

Buumi was a Serer royal title in the Serer pre-colonial Kingdoms of Sine, Saloum and previously Baol. All these pre-colonial Serer kingdoms are now part of modern-day Senegal. However, present-day Gambia, was called Lower Saloum and a former colony of the Kingdom of Saloum. The Buumi was always a member of the royal family. He was the first in line to inherit the throne of the Maad a Sinig or Maad Saloum. In some cases, a Buumi can act as regent if the king is too young, as was the case with Maad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof, whose uncle was appointed regent until Maad Ama Joof became much older. In pre-colonial Sine, the Buumi usually took residence at Somb Rongodior. In many cases, he was elected by the Maad a Sinig as his successor, however, the Great Jaraff and his Noble Council of Electors generally decides which member of the royal family succeeds to the throne. When Maad a Sinig dies without nominating his Buumi, as was the case with Maad a Sinig Mbackeh Ndeb Njie, the "thilas" may succeed him as was the case with Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thilas</span>

Thilas was an ancient title of nobility used in the Serer pre-colonial Kingdoms of Sine, Saloum and previously the Kingdom of Baol, which are all now part of modern-day Senegal. The Thilas was the second in the order of succession to the throne after the Buumi who was the heir apparent. Only members of the royal family could hold this title. When a Maad a Sinig dies without a Buumi, the Thilas could ascend the throne at the discretion of the Great Jaraff and his Noble Council of Electors responsible for electing the kings from the royal family. In the history of Sine to its 20th century history, such an incident is only known to have occurred once, at the succession of Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Fa Ndeb Joof whose predecessor died without a Buumi.

The Royal House of Semou Njekeh Joof was founded in the early 18th century by Maad Semou Njekeh Joof from the Kingdom of Sine, now part of present-day Senegal. It was the third and last royal house founded by the Joof family – during the Guelowar period, since the reignes of Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh and Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof. From the date of its foundation up to the dissolution of Sine in 1969, at least seven kings from this royal house had succeeded to the throne of Sine.

Tukar a large village in Senegal. Attached to the rural community of Ngayokhem, it is located in the area of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Sine, west of Senegal. The population is overrun by the Serers. As of 2006 to 2007, the population was estimated at 3000. Ndokh, which was a colony of Tukar, is now a separate village.

This is a timeline of the history and development of Serer religion and the Serer people of Senegal, The Gambia and Mauritania. This timeline merely gives an overview of their history, consisting of calibrated archaeological discoveries in Serer countries, Serer religion, politics, royalty, etc. Dates are given according to the Common Era. For a background to these events, see Roog, Serer religion, Serer creation myth, Serer prehistory, Lamane, States headed by Serer Lamanes, Serer history and Serer people.

Maad Ndaah Njemeh Joof is one of the patriarchs of the Joof family, himself the medieval King of Laah in Baol now part of independent Senegal. He ruled from the late 13th century to the early 14th century, c. 1290. His descendants from the branch of Maad Patar Kholleh Joof ruled the pre-colonial Kingdoms of Sine, Saloum and Baol, from the 14th century to 1969. The last king of Sine and Saloum died in 1969. After their deaths, the Serer States of Sine and Saloum were incorporated into independent Senegal. His descendants went on to found three royal houses:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Logandème</span>

The Battle of Logandème was an uprising led by the Serer King Maad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof, king of Sine, against the French Empire. The battle took place at Logandème which was a part of Sine at the time. The battle was also a revenge attack against the Serer people after their resounding victory against France at the Battle of Djilass on 13 May 1859. It was the first time that France decided to employ cannonball in the Senegambia.

The Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof was a royal house founded in the 14th century by Jaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof. He was a member the Serer tribe, from the pre-colonial Kingdom of Sine now part of independent Senegal. It was the first royal house founded by the Joof family during the Guelowar period. Boureh Gnilane Joof was a royal prince and a Jaraff, a Serer title of nobility with the powers of a prime minister. He was neither a Maad a Sinig nor a Maad Saloum but a royal prince who had the title Jaraff bestowed upon him by his cousin and brother-in-law - Maad a Sinig Diessanou Faye. His father Maad Patar Kholleh Joof was the king of Laa and Teigne of Baol. Boureh's brothers were the first from this house to have succeeded to the throne of Sine during the Guelowar period. His name was adopted in his honour to refer to the first royal house founded by the Joof family during this dynastic period. The Joof family of Sine, from this royal house also ruled in the Kingdom of Saloum The Joof family also ruled in Baol. From the date of its foundation up to the abolition of the Serer monarchies of Sine and Saloum in 1969, at least ten kings from this house had succeeded to the throne of Sine. As the first royal house of Sine founded by the Joof family in this dynastic period, the Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof holds great significance in Senegambian, Joof family and Serer history, because all the subsequent royal houses founded by the Joof family branched out from this royal house.

The Royal House of Jogo Siga Joof was the second royal house founded by the Joof family during the Guelowar dynastic period of Sine. The Guelowar period commences from c. 1350 during the reign of Maad a Sinig Maysa Wali and ends in 1969 following the deaths of the last Serer kings of Sine and Saloum and the disestablishment of the monarchies in Serer countries. The pre-colonial Kingdom of Sine now lies within present-day Senegal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Faye family</span> African clan

The patronym Faye is one of the typical surnames of the Serer people of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania. In French-speaking Senegal and Mauritania, and English-speaking Gambia, the surname is spelled Faye.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boukar Djillakh Faye</span> Patriarch of the Faye dynasty of Sine

Boukar Djillakh Faye was a 14th-century Serer wrestler (njom) from the post-classical Kingdom of Sine which lies within present-day Senegal.

Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof was the last king of Saloum. He reigned as Maad Saloum from 1935 to 1969. His royal title Maad Saloum means King of Saloum in Serer.

References

  1. ↑ Faye, Louis Diène. Mort et naissance Nouvelles Éditions africaines, 1983, p. 74.
  2. ↑ Gastellu, Jean-Marc (M. Sambe - 1937). L'égalitarisme économique des Serer du Sénégal. IRD Editions, 1981, p. 130. ISBN   2-7099-0591-4
  3. 1 2 3 4 Sarr, Alioune, "Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal). Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker". Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle parue en 1986-87
  4. ↑ Ndiaye Leyti, Oumar, Le Djoloff et ses Bourba, Dakar: Nouvelles Editions africaines, 1981, 110 pp.
  5. ↑ Galvan, Dennis Charles, The State Must Be Our Master of Fire (2004), pp. 2-281.
  6. ↑ Sarr, Alioune, Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal) Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. 1986-87, p 19
  7. ↑ Galvan, The State Must Be Our Master of Fire (2004), p. 80.
  8. 1 2 Bressers & Rosenbaum, Achieving Sustainable Development (2003), p. 151.
  9. 1 2 Galvan, The State Must Be Our Master of Fire (2004), pp. 109-111.
  10. ↑ Phillips, Lucie Colvin, Historical Dictionary of Senegal, Scarecrow Press, 1981, pp. 52-71. ISBN   0-8108-1369-6
  11. ↑ Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire. Bulletin de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Volume 38. IFAN, 1976, pp 557-504.
  12. ↑ Sarr, "Histoire du Sine-Saloum (Sénégal)", loc.cit., p. 21.
  13. ↑ Thilmans, Guy; Descamps, Cyr & Camara Abdoulaye, Senegalia: études sur le patrimoine ouest-africain: hommage à Guy Thilmans, Sépia, 2006, pp. 220-21. ISBN   2-84280-122-9
  14. ↑ Klein, Martin A. Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847-1914, Edinburgh University Press (1968). p. XV.
  15. 1 2 3 Sheridan, Michael J., & Nyamweru|, Celia, African Sacred Groves, James Currey, 2008, p. 141. ISBN   0-8214-1789-4
  16. ↑ Ngom, Biram (Babacar Sédikh Diouf), La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin, Université de Dakar, Dakar, 1987, p. 69.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 La famille Juuf [in] « L'épopée de Sanmoon Fay », [in] Éthiopiques (revue), no. 54, vol. 7, 2e semestre 1991 Archived 29 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ↑ Diouf, Niokhobaye, Chronique du royaume du Sine, pp. 712-13.
  19. 1 2 3 Buschinger, Danielle (ed & trans: Kloos, Jan Willem), Van den vos Reynaerde: mittelniederländisch - neuhochdeutsch, Presses du Centre d'Etudes médiévales Université de Picardie (1992), p. 59, ISBN   9782901121169
  20. 1 2 Diouf, Chronique du royaume du Sine, pp. 712-33.
  21. ↑ Faye, Louis Diène, Mort et naissance, Nouvelles éditions africaines, 1983, p. 56. ISBN   2-7236-0868-9
  22. 1 2 Diouf, pp. 712-13.
  23. ↑ Diouf, pp. 714-15.
  24. 1 2 Diouf, pp. 721-23.
  25. ↑ Gastellu, Jean-Marc, L'égalitarisme économique des Serer du Sénégal, IRD Éditions, 1981, pp. 281-282. ISBN   2-7099-0591-4
  26. 1 2 Diouf, pp. 724-25.
  27. ↑ Klein, p. 46.
  28. ↑ Diouf, p 726
  29. ↑ Diouf, Cheikh, "Fiscalité et Domination Coloniale: l'exemple du Sine: 1859-1940", Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (2005)
  30. ↑ Klein, pp. 55-59.
  31. ↑ Diouf, pp. 726-27.
  32. ↑ Klein, p. 90.
  33. ↑ Diouf, pp. 727-29.
  34. ↑ Klein, pp. 90-93.
  35. 1 2 3 Gravrand, "Pangool", pp. 332-3, 338, 342-3, 349.
  36. 1 2 (in French) Martin, Victor & Becker, Charles, "Lieux de culte et emplacements célèbres dans les pays sereer" (Sénégal), in Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 41, Série B, n° 1, janvier 1979, pp. 133-89 (pp. 15-34). Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ↑ Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation sereer, vol. II: Pangool", Dakar: Nouvelles éditions africaines, 1990, p. 35. ISBN   2-7236-1055-1
  38. ↑ Fleurentin, Jacques. "Des sources du savoir aux médicaments du futur". IRD Editions, 2002. p 343. ISBN   2709915049
  39. ↑ Galvan, Dennis Charles, pp. 108-111, 122, 202, 304, University of California Press (2004) ISBN   0-520-23591-6
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Klein, Martin A, Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847 - 1914, Edinburgh University Press, 1968, p. XV.
  41. ↑ Boilat, David: Esquisses sénégalaises, Bertrand, 1853, p. 145.
  42. ↑ Diouf, "Chronique du royaume du Sine", pp. 772-74 (pp. 47-49).
  43. ↑ Galvan, pp. 80-111.
  44. ↑ Becker, Charles; Martin, Victor; & Ndène. Aloyse; (Révision et édition par Charles Becker), Traditions villageoises du Siin (2014), pp. 191–192
  45. 1 2 Diouf, "Chronique du royaume du Sine", pp. 14-18 (pp. 722-30).
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Klein, Martin A: "Islam and Imperialism in Senegal Sine-Saloum, 1847 - 1914." Edinburgh University Press (1968), p. XV"
  47. ↑ Ndiaye Leyti, Oumar, Le Djoloff et ses Bourba, Dakar: NEA, 1981.
  48. ↑ Fall, Tanor Latsoukabé, Recueil sur la Vie des Damel. Introduit et commenté par C. Becker et V. Martin, BIFAN, Tome 36, Série B, n° 1, janvier 1974
  49. ↑ Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 15 (2012), Article 12.3.2.
  50. ↑ (in French) Rewmi News. "Le professeur Arona Ndoffène Diouf candidat aux élections présidentielles de 2012"
  51. ↑ Diouf, Cheikh, Fiscalité et Domination Coloniale: l'exemple du Sine: 1859–1940. Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (2005)
  52. 1 2 Peterson, Derek, Macola, Giacomo, "Recasting the Past: History Writing and Political Work in Modern Africa", Ohio University Press (2009) p. 299. ISBN   0821418793
  53. ↑ (Babacar Sédikh Diouf) [in] Ngom, Biram "La question Gelwaar et l’histoire du Siin", Dakar, Université de Dakar (1987), p. 69.
  54. ↑ (in French) List of ministers on the official site of Ministers of Senegal "SENEGAL - Ministère de la Santé et de la Prévention Médicale". Archived from the original on 4 February 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  55. ↑ Ndiaye, Babacar & Ndiaye, Waly, Présidents et ministres de la République du Sénégal, Dakar, 2006 (2e éd.)
  56. ↑ Hughes, Arnold & Perfect, David: Historical Dictionary of The Gambia, Scarecrow Press, 2008. ISBN   0-8108-5825-8
  57. ↑ Hughes, Arnold & Perfect, David: A Political History of The Gambia, 1816-1994, University of Rochester Press, 2006. ISBN   1-58046-230-8
  58. ↑ Ceesay, Hassoum, Gambian Women: an introductory history, the Gambia: Fulladu Publishers. OCLC   233607072
  59. ↑ Ly, Abdoulaye, Les regroupements politiques au Sénégal, 1956-1970, Dakar: CODESRIA; Paris: Karthala, 1992, p. 19 ( ISBN   2-86978-007-9)
  60. ↑ (in French) Université Cheikh Anta Diop: GOUVERNEMENTS DU SENEGAL DE 1957 à 2007 Archived 26 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  61. ↑ (in French) All Africa News
  62. ↑ (in French) Republique du Senegal, "Liste des candidats admis. p. 11
  63. ↑ Kime, Philip Graburn, Kime's International Law Directory, Bowden, Hudson & Co., 1983, p. 7.
  64. ↑ The Nation Newspaper (Gambia) : "Champion of free speech (Tribute)", 7 June 1993, by William Ojo Dixon Colley (Managing Editor of The Nation Newspaper and Secretary General of the Gambia Press Union)
  65. ↑ Gambia State House (CV)
  66. ↑ The Independent (Gambia): Attorney General Sacked
  67. ↑ The Oxford Journal: (CV)
  68. ↑ Monash university: "Human Nephron Number, Hypertension and Kidney Disease" Archived 12 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  69. ↑ (in French) Seneweb News
  70. ↑ The Point (Gambia): U-23 to Camp in Tunis
  71. ↑ Eurosports Profile
  72. ↑ Alain Mercier, "Pape Diouf redonne des couleurs à l'OM", Le Monde 2, n° 266, supplément au Monde n° 19954, 21 mars 2009, pp. 46-49.
  73. ↑ (in French) Article L'Equipe: Diouf et la France qui "exclut"
  74. ↑ (in French) "L’énigme Diouf!" Archived 13 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine OM Actualités, 12 June 2006.
  75. ↑ Harbourfront Centre: "Live Comedy with Boucar Diouf" (Review)
  76. 1 2 3 (in French) Quebe Pop. "Lancement - Les Frères Diouf - DUND, Mercredi le 5 novembre 2003" Archived 3 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  77. 1 2 3 Bibliography by Salsa Montreal
  78. ↑ Bibliography in Dapper
  79. ↑ Foroyaa:
  80. ↑ All Africa News: Gambia: Treason Trial Draws to an End As Lie Joof, Rambo Enter Defence
  81. ↑ Freedom Newspaper (also an online Radio Station)

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