Demographics of Sudan

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Demographics of Sudan
Sudan single age population pyramid 2020.png
Population pyramid of Sudan in 2020
Population50,467,278 (2024 est.) [1]
Growth rate2.55% (2022 est.)
Birth rate33.47 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy67.12 years
Fertility rate4.6 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate42.27 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate-1.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years42.01%
65 and over3.03%
Nationality
NationalitySudanese
Major ethnic Sudanese Arabs (70.0%)
Minor ethnic
Language
Official Arabic and English

The demographics of Sudan include the Sudanese people (Arabic : سودانيون) and their characteristics, Sudan, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

Contents

Population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate, United Nations estimates Sudan Population 1950-2021 Forecast 2022-2032 UN World Population Prospects 2022.svg
Population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate, United Nations estimates

In Sudan's 1993 census, the population was calculated at 30 million. No comprehensive census has been carried out since that time due to the Second Sudanese Civil War. Estimates of Sudan, including the population of South Sudan, ranged from 37 million (United Nations) to 45 million (CIA). Since the secession of South Sudan in July 2011, the current population of Sudan is estimated to be about 46 million. [2] [3] The population of metropolitan Khartoum (including Khartoum, Omdurman, and Khartoum North) is growing rapidly and ranges from six to seven million, including around two million displaced persons from the southern war zone, as well as western and eastern drought-affected areas.

Overview

The majority of the population in Sudan are the indigenous Nubian inhabitants of the Nile Valley. The majority of ethnic groups of Sudan fall under Arabs, and the minority being other African ethnic groups such as the Beja, [4] Fur, Nuba, and Fallata. [5] When counted as one people Sudanese Arabs are by far the largest ethnic group in Sudan, however African ethnic groups are a large minority if counted as one group. They are almost entirely Muslim; while the majority speak Sudanese Arabic; some other Arab tribes speak different Arabic dialects like Awadia and Fadnia and Bani Arak tribes who speak Najdi Arabic; Bani Hassan, Al-Ashraf, Kinanah and Rashaida who speak Hejazi Arabic. In addition, Arab tribes like the Baggara and other Darfurians, both who speak Chadian Arabic. [6] Sudanese Arabs of northern and eastern parts descend primarily from migrants from the Arabian Peninsula. Additionally, a few pre-Islamic Arabian tribes existed in Sudan from earlier migrations into the region from Western Arabia, although most Arabs in Sudan are dated from migrations after the 12th century. [7] The vast majority of Arab tribes in Sudan migrated into the Sudan in the 12th century. [8]

Population size and structure

Demographics of Sudan (without South Sudan), Data of Our World in Data, year 2022; Number of inhabitants in millions. Sudan-demography.png
Demographics of Sudan (without South Sudan), Data of Our World in Data, year 2022; Number of inhabitants in millions.

Achieving good counts of the population is difficult in Sudan, because conducting a census has been difficult due to various conflicts and wars in the southern, eastern and western regions of Sudan over the past few decades. The government of South Sudan (led by the former SPLM resistance movement) has in the past accused Sudan of deliberately manipulating the census in oil-rich regions such as the Abyei district, on the border between Sudan and South Sudan. The population count is a determining factor for the share of wealth and power each part of Sudan receives after the secession of South Sudan (See: Naivasha Agreement). Another complication is the Southern Sudanese refugees present in the north, whose citizenship in Sudan after the secession of South Sudan is now in question. [9] 250,000 refugees from Syria live in Sudan. [10]

Age structure

Sudanese student from Khartoum Sudan - smiling lady.jpg
Sudanese student from Khartoum

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2016) (Unrevised data.): [11]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total20 105 84219 541 77939 647 621100
0–43 506 3283 377 8536 884 18117.36
5–92 801 2662 677 9885 479 25413.82
10–142 325 6242 196 4724 522 09611.41
15–192 073 0061 952 6054 025 61110.15
20–241 816 0411 721 4503 537 4918.92
25–291 547 6131 519 3933 067 0067.74
30–341 295 9651 329 6292 625 5946.62
35–391 085 1011 136 5352 221 6365.60
40–44891 195949 1311 840 3274.64
45–49732 711762 2511 494 9623.77
50–54589 400586 3041 175 7032.97
55–59458 118441 240899 3592.27
60–64340 396314 518654 9151.65
65-69248 570225 431474 0011.20
70-74170 069152 437322 5060.81
75-79109 22497 712206 9360.52
80+115 214100 828216 0420.54
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–148 633 2188 252 31316 885 53142.59
15–6410 829 54710 713 05821 542 60554.34
65+643 077576 4081 219 4853.08

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data refer to national projections.): [12]

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total20 857 30320 281 59941 138 904100
0–42 873 4652 773 5945 647 05913.73
5–92 571 5622 483 9775 055 53212.29
10–142 304 5292 216 5244 521 05910.99
15–192 280 1482 152 4914 432 63810.77
20–242 158 3441 943 7764 102 1169.97
25–291 821 7851 665 5593 487 3498.48
30–341 442 3321 474 3292 916 6547.09
35–391 179 8491 330 1202 509 9656.10
40–441 000 5751 110 7342 111 3095.13
45–49855 408909 6711 765 0814.29
50–54717 995717 8201 435 8073.49
55–59545 001511 9801 056 9922.57
60–64404 866374 598779 4581.89
65-69275 266247 207522 4801.27
70-74199 364173 388372 7470.91
75-79125 079106 375231 4560.56
80+103 57492 332195 9090.48
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–147 749 5567 474 09515 223 65137.01
15–6412 404 46412 188 20224 592 66659.78
65+703 283619 3021 322 5853.21

Vital statistics

The vital statistics below do not include South Sudan.

Year [13] Mid-year population (thousands)Live births (thousands)Deaths (thousands)Natural change (thousands)CBR*CDR*NC*IMR*TFR*Life expectancy (years)
19506 191  296  114  18247.818.429.4123.76.6946.77
1951  6 380  305  116  18947.818.229.6122.56.6847.05
1952  6 574  314  118  19747.817.929.9120.26.6847.55
1953  6 774  324  119  20447.717.630.1118.06.6847.92
1954  6 979  333  121  21247.717.430.4116.36.6948.26
1955  7 193  343  123  22047.717.130.6114.56.6948.65
1956  7 414  353  127  22647.617.130.4113.46.6848.56
1957  7 639  362  132  23047.417.330.1112.16.6648.11
1958  7 861  374  147  22647.518.728.8111.66.6745.81
1959  8 087  383  149  23547.418.429.0109.96.6546.26
1960  8 326  394  151  24447.318.129.2108.36.6546.60
1961  8 577  405  152  25247.217.829.4106.96.6347.02
1962  8 841  422  155  26747.717.530.2105.46.6947.35
1963  9 115  438  167  27248.118.329.8105.26.7546.19
1964  9 407  456  153  30348.416.332.2102.66.8049.46
1965  9 713  471  172  29948.517.830.8102.76.8546.94
1966  10 015  488  193  29648.719.229.5102.86.9044.63
1967  10 321  504  195  30948.918.930.0101.86.9445.06
1968  10 639  518  198  32048.718.630.1100.96.9745.46
1969  10 966  535  206  32948.818.830.0101.47.0045.15
1970  11 305  552  209  34248.818.530.3100.77.0345.53
1971  11 669  571  186  38448.916.032.999.77.0649.65
1972  12 057  583  189  39448.415.732.797.87.0149.93
1973  12 470  596  173  42347.813.933.994.56.9653.07
1974  12 951  611  177  43447.413.733.694.06.9553.23
1975  13 498  636  183  45447.313.633.793.56.9353.38
1976  14 066  662  189  47347.313.533.893.06.9053.46
1977  14 667  690  195  49547.213.333.992.46.8753.65
1978  15 306  722  204  51847.413.434.091.86.8453.44
1979  15 973  753  212  54147.313.334.091.26.7853.56
1980  16 674  785  217  56847.313.134.290.56.7353.93
1981  17 404  819  225  59447.313.034.389.96.6854.08
1982  18 129  855  232  62347.312.834.489.36.6454.32
1983  18 734  882  323  55947.017.229.8113.16.6047.45
1984  19 166  893  345  54846.417.928.5114.16.5546.22
1985  19 517  898  347  55145.817.728.1112.86.4946.46
1986  19 887  904  282  62245.214.131.190.56.4351.48
1987  20 231  906  393  51344.519.325.2102.96.3643.44
1988  20 454  909  532  37744.225.918.3118.56.2835.92
1989  20 719  912  315  59743.815.128.791.56.2349.34
1990  21 091  914  314  59943.114.828.390.06.1749.73
1991  21 454  921  313  60842.714.528.288.46.1250.21
1992  21 780  925  377  54842.217.225.094.86.0545.89
1993  22 163  925  370  55541.716.725.093.05.9646.58
1994  22 704  931  247  68441.010.930.177.05.8756.64
1995  23 291  940  308  63240.313.227.182.35.7951.99
1996  23 862  949  309  64039.712.926.880.55.7152.28
1997  24 454  956  308  64939.112.626.578.85.6052.83
1998  25 029  967  371  59638.614.823.883.15.5048.81
1999  25 634  986  265  72138.410.328.170.45.4557.02
2000  26 299  1 004  256  74838.19.728.467.45.3858.32
2001  26 947  1 024  258  76637.99.628.365.35.3358.56
2002  27 570  1 035  258  77737.49.328.163.35.2558.98
2003  28 189  1 044  274  77036.99.727.363.15.1758.20
2004  28 832  1 049  298  75136.310.326.063.75.0956.77
2005  29 541  1 062  297  76435.910.125.962.25.0457.28
2006  30 333  1 108  264  84436.58.727.857.55.0460.28
2007  31 191  1 159  260  89937.18.328.855.35.0761.26
2008  32 065  1 204  269  93537.58.429.154.55.0761.21
2009  32 948  1 239  257  98237.67.829.852.05.0562.64
2010  33 740  1 272  259  1 01237.57.629.850.75.0263.02
2011  34 420  1 277  261  1 01636.97.529.449.64.9663.25
2012  35 160  1 281  258  1 02336.37.329.048.54.9063.79
2013  35 991  1 311  266  1 04636.37.429.047.54.9063.68
2014  37 003  1 344  264  1 08036.37.129.246.44.9164.27
2015  38 171  1 390  268  1 12236.47.029.445.34.9064.66
2016  39 377  1 418  274  1 14336.07.029.144.24.8364.78
2017  40 680  1 448  273  1 17535.76.728.943.14.7665.45
2018  41 999  1 479  279  1 20035.26.628.642.04.6865.68
2019  45 548  1 590  298  1 29234.96.528.440.24.6265.8
2020  46 789  1 613  317  1 29634.56.827.739.14.5465.1
2021  48 067  1 630  366  1 29433.97.026.938.14.4664.5
2022  49 383  1 656  322  1 33433.56.527.037.14.3865.7
2023  50 043  1 682  320  1 36233.66.427.236.24.3266.3
* CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman)

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Ethnic groups

Beja nomads Bedscha.jpg
Beja nomads
Arab Bedouin in north Sudan camels.jpg
Arab Bedouin in north
Rashaida in the east Rashaida family.png
Rashaida in the east

Sudan is a country characterized by its cultural and ethnic diversity. Various ethnic groups contribute to the rich tapestry of Sudanese society. The major ethnic groups in Sudan include Sudanese Arabs, Nubians, Zaghawa, and Beja, among others.

Sudanese Arab speakers form the largest linguistic group in Sudan, comprising approximately 70% of the population. [14] They are predominantly Muslim and speak Arabic. [15] Nubians, another significant ethnic group, have their origins in the Nubia region along the Nile River. They have a distinct cultural heritage and are known for their architectural achievements. [15]

The Zaghawa, also known as Beri or Gimi, are an ethnic group with a presence in Sudan, Chad, and other neighboring countries. They have a pastoralist lifestyle and are known for their cattle herding and camel breeding skills. [15]

Additionally, Sudan is home to diverse ethnic groups such as the Fur, Beja, Nuba, Fula, and Nubian people. These groups have unique cultural expressions, languages, social structures, and religious practices, contributing to the cultural mosaic of Sudan.

It's important to note that Sudan's demographics have undergone changes, particularly with the secession of South Sudan in 2011. South Sudan was home to many sub-Saharan African ethnic groups. As a result, Sudan's ethnic landscape has evolved, and South Sudan became an independent nation. [16]

Languages

The most widely spoken languages in Sudan are:

  1. Arabic language:
    1. Sudanese Arabic.
    2. Najdi and Hejazi Arabic, (mainly in mid-north and mid-east regions).
    3. Chadian Arabic in western region, (mainly spoken by Baggara and various Arabized African tribes).
  2. Nubian language in far north, (mainly spoken by Nubians of Mahas, Dongola and Halfa).
  3. Beja language known as Bedawit in far east alongside Red sea, (mainly spoken by the Beja people, mainly the Hadandawa, Ababda and Bisharin).

Before 2005, only Arabic was the official language. [17] In the 2005 constitution, Sudan's official languages became Arabic and English: [18]

Article 8:

  1. All indigenous languages of Sudan are national languages and shall be respected, developed and promoted.
  2. Arabic is a widely spoken national language in Sudan.
  3. Arabic, as a major language at the national level and English shall be the official working languages of the national government and the languages of instruction for higher education.
  4. In addition to Arabic and English, the legislature of any sub-national level of government may adopt any other national language as an additional official working language at its level.
  5. There shall be no discrimination against the use of either Arabic or English at any level of government or stage of education.

The working constitution of the post-2019 Revolution transitional period specifies no national language.

Religion

Religion in Sudan [19]
religionpercent
Islam
97%
African Traditional Religion
1.5%
Christianity
1.5%

In Sudan, 97% of the population adheres to Islam, with the overwhelming majority being adherents of the Sunni branch and the Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence. [20] The remainder of the population follows either animist and indigenous beliefs or Christianity, especially in Khartoum and in southern regions of the country bordering South Sudan.

Christians in Sudan which are refugees or immigrants from the south belong to various churches including the Roman Catholic Church, small Melkite and Maronite communities in the north, as well as Anglicans followers in the Episcopal Church of Sudan and the recently formed Reformed Episcopal Church. There are significant but long-established groups of Coptic Orthodox and Greek Orthodox Christians in Khartoum and other northern cities.

Men praying at the Sidah Sanhory Mosque, in Khartoum Tarawih prayers in Ramadan Siadah Sanhory mosque.JPG
Men praying at the Sidah Sanhory Mosque, in Khartoum

There are also Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox communities in Khartoum and eastern Sudan, largely made up of refugees and migrants from the past few decades. Other Christian groups with smaller followings in the country include the Africa Inland Church, the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Sudan Church of Christ, the Sudan Interior Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Sudan Pentecostal Church, the Sudan Evangelical Presbyterian Church (in the North).

Religious identity plays a role in the country's political divisions. Northern and western Muslims have dominated the country's political and economic system since independence. The NCP draws much of its support from Islamists, Salafis/Wahhabis and other conservative Arab Muslims in the north. The Umma Party has traditionally attracted Arab followers of the Ansar sect of Sufism as well as non-Arab Muslims from Darfur and Kordofan.[ citation needed ]

The Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) includes both Arab and non-Arab Muslims in the north and east, especially those in the Khatmia Sufi sect.[ citation needed ]

Migration

Emigration

American-Sudanese rap musician Ramey Dawoud is part of the Sudanese diaspora Kashta Live.jpg
American-Sudanese rap musician Ramey Dawoud is part of the Sudanese diaspora

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ababda people</span> Tribe in eastern Egypt and Sudan

The Ababda are an Arab or Beja tribe in eastern Egypt and Sudan. Historically, most were Bedouins living in the area between the Nile and the Red Sea, with some settling along the trade route linking Korosko with Abu Hamad. Numerous traveler accounts from the nineteenth century report that some Ababda at that time still spoke Beja or a language of their own, hence many secondary sources consider the Ababda to be a Beja subtribe. Most Ababda now speak Arabic and identify as an Arab tribe from the Hijaz. The Ababda have a total population of over 250,000 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sudan</span> Country in Northeast Africa

Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the southeast, and South Sudan to the south. Sudan has a population of 50 million people as of 2024 and occupies 1,886,068 square kilometres, making it Africa's third-largest country by area and the third-largest by area in the Arab League. It was the largest country by area in Africa and the Arab League until the secession of South Sudan in 2011; since then both titles have been held by Algeria. Sudan's capital and most populous city is Khartoum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nubians</span> Ethnolinguistic group native to northern Sudan and southern Egypt

Nubians are a Nilo-Saharan speaking ethnic group indigenous to the region which is now northern Sudan and southern Egypt. They originate from the early inhabitants of the central Nile valley, believed to be one of the earliest cradles of civilization. In the southern valley of Egypt, Nubians differ culturally and ethnically from Egyptians, although they intermarried with members of other ethnic groups, especially Arabs. They speak Nubian languages as a mother tongue, part of the Northern Eastern Sudanic languages, and Arabic as a second language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beja people</span> Cushitic ethnic group native to Egypt, Sudan and Eritrea

The Beja people are a Cushitic ethnic group native to the Eastern Desert, inhabiting a coastal area from southeastern Egypt through eastern Sudan and into northwestern Eritrea. They are descended from peoples who have inhabited the area since 4000 BC or earlier, although they were Arabized by Arabs who settled in the region. They are nomadic and live primarily in the Eastern Desert. The Beja number around 1,900,000 to 2,759,000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baggara Arabs</span> Nomadic confederation in the Sahel

The Baggāra, also known as Chadian Arabs, are a nomadic confederation of people of mixed Arab and Arabized indigenous African ancestry, inhabiting a portion of the Sahel mainly between Lake Chad and the Nile river near south Kordofan, numbering over six million. They are known as Baggara and Abbala in Sudan, and as Shuwa Arabs in Cameroon, Nigeria and Western Chad. The term Shuwa is said to be of Kanuri origin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sudanese Arabic</span> Regional variety of the Arabic language

Sudanese Arabic, also referred to as the Sudanese dialect, Colloquial Sudanese or locally as Common Sudanese refers to the various related varieties of Arabic spoken in Sudan as well as parts of Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Chad. Sudanese Arabic has also influenced a number of Arabic-based pidgins and creoles, including Juba Arabic, widely used in South Sudan, as well as Ki-Nubi, spoken by the Nubi communities of Kenya and Uganda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Bahr el Ghazal</span> State of South Sudan

Western Bahr el Ghazal is a state in South Sudan. It has an area of 93,900 km2 (36,255 sq mi) and is the least populous state in South Sudan, according to the controversial Sudanese census conducted in 2008. It is part of the Bahr el Ghazal region. Its capital is Wau. The state shared international borders with Sudan to the north and the Central African Republic to the west. The portion now occupied by Raga County is the southern part of the historical region known as "Dar Fertit".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arabization</span> Process of growing Arab influence on non-Arab populations

Arabization or Arabicization is a sociological process of cultural change in which a non-Arab society becomes Arab, meaning it either directly adopts or becomes strongly influenced by the Arabic language, culture, literature, art, music, and ethnic identity as well as other socio-cultural factors. It is a specific form of cultural assimilation that often includes a language shift. The term applies not only to cultures, but also to individuals, as they acclimate to Arab culture and become "Arabized". Arabization took place after the Muslim conquest of the Middle East and North Africa, as well as during the more recent Arab nationalist policies toward non-Arab minorities in modern Arab states, such as Algeria, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Bahrain, and Sudan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kordofan</span> Former province of Sudan

Kordofan is a former province of central Sudan. In 1994 it was divided into three new federal states: North Kordofan, South Kordofan and West Kordofan. In August 2005, West Kordofan State was abolished and its territory divided between North and South Kordofan States, as part of the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement between the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement. West Kordofan was reestablished in July 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bishari tribe</span> Ethnic group inhabiting Northeast Africa

The Bishari are a Cushitic ethnic group who live in parts of Northeast Africa. They are one of the major divisions of the Beja people. Apart from local dialects of Arabic, the Bishari speak the Beja language, which belongs to the Afroasiatic family of the Cushitic branch.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shaigiya tribe</span> Arab tribe in northern Sudan

The Shaigiya are an Arabized Nubian tribe. They are part of the Sudanese Arabs and are also one of the three prominent Sudanese Arabs tribes in North Sudan, along with the Ja'alin and Danagla. The tribe inhabits the region of Dar al-Shayqiya, which stretches along the banks of the Nile River from Korti to the end of 4th Nile cataract and includes their tribal capital of Merowe Sheriq and parts of the Bayuda desert.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ja'alin tribe</span> Arab tribe in northern Sudan

The Ja'alin, Ja'aliya, Ja'aliyin or Ja'al are a tribal confederation and an Arab or Arabised Nubian tribe in Sudan. The Ja'alin constitute a large portion of the Sudanese Arabs and are one of the three prominent Sudanese Arab tribes in northern Sudan - the others being the Shaigiya and Danagla. They trace their origin to Ibrahim Ja'al, an Abbasid noble, whose clan originally hailed from the Hejaz in the Arabian Peninsula and married into the local Nubian population. Ja'al was a descendant of al-Abbas, an uncle of Muhammad. The Ja'alin formerly occupied the country on both banks of the Nile from Khartoum to Abu Hamad. According to a source, the tribe allegedly once spoke a now extinct dialect of Nubian as late as the nineteenth century. Many Sudanese politicians have come from the Ja'alin tribal coalition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hedareb people</span> Ethnic group

The Hedareb or T'bdawe are a Cushitic ethnic group native to northwestern Eritrea. They are a subgroup of the Beja. They are more diverse than the other Eritrean ethnicities; one subgroup speaks the traditional Beja language, which belongs to the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family, while another is more closely related to Sudanese Hadendoa. They are among the least-researched groups in Eritrea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of Sudan</span>

Sudan is a multilingual country dominated by Sudanese Arabic. In the 2005 constitution of the Republic of Sudan, the official languages of Sudan are Literary Arabic and English.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of the Arab world</span>

The Arab world consists of the 22 members of the Arab League. As of 2023, the combined population of all the Arab states was around 473 million people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sudanese Arabs</span> Majority population of Sudan

Sudanese Arabs are the inhabitants of Sudan who identify as Arabs and speak Arabic as their mother tongue. Sudanese Arabs make up 70% of the population of Sudan, however prior to the independence of South Sudan in 2011, Sudanese Arabs made up only 40% of the population. They are Sunni Muslims and speak Sudanese Arabic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of the Central African Republic</span>

The official languages of the Central African Republic are French and Sango. In total there are about 72 languages in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Arab Muslims</span> Ethnic Arabs who adhere to Islam

Arab Muslims are the largest subdivision of the Arab people and the largest ethnic group among Muslims globally, followed by Bengalis and Punjabis. Likewise, they comprise the majority of the population of the Arab world. Currently, around 93% of Arabs are Muslims, while the rest are mainly Arab Christians, as well as Druze and Baháʼís.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of South Sudan</span>

South Sudan is home to around 60 indigenous ethnic groups and 80 linguistic partitions among a 2021 population of around 11 million. Historically, most ethnic groups were lacking in formal Western political institutions, with land held by the community and elders acting as problem solvers and adjudicators. Today, most ethnic groups still embrace a cattle culture in which livestock is the main measure of wealth and used for bride wealth.

Bedaria is an Arab tribe in Sudan. It is part of the Ja'alin tribe and constitutes a large portion of Sudanese Arabs. They speak Sudanese Arabic and are Sunni Muslims.

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