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The following chart lists countries and dependencies along with their capital cities, in English and non-English official language(s).
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | Kabul | Afġānistān افغانستان | Kabul كابل | Pashto/Dari (Arabic script) |
Albania | Tirana | Shqipëria | Tirana | Albanian |
Algeria | Algiers | Dzayer ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ Al-Jazā'ir الجزائر | Dzayer ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ Al-Jazā'ir الجزائر | Berber language (Tifinagh script) Arabic (Arabic script) |
American Samoa [1] | Pago Pago | Amerika Sāmoa American Samoa | Pago Pago Pago Pago | Samoan English |
Andorra | Andorra la Vella | Andorra | Andorra la Vella | Catalan |
Angola | Luanda | Angola Ngola | Luanda Lwanda | Portuguese Kongo |
Anguilla [2] | The Valley | Anguilla | The Valley | English |
Antigua and Barbuda | Saint John's | Antigua and Barbuda | St. John's | English |
Argentina | Buenos Aires | Argentina | Buenos Aires | Spanish |
Armenia | Yerevan | Hayastán Հայաստան | Yerevan Երևան | Armenian (Armenian alphabet) |
Aruba [3] | Oranjestad | Aruba | Oranjestad | Dutch, Papiamento |
Australia | Canberra | Australia | Canberra | English/Aboriginal languages |
Austria | Vienna | Österreich | Wien | German |
Åland [4] | Mariehamn | Åland Ahvenanmaa | Mariehamn Maarianhamina | Swedish Finnish |
Azerbaijan | Baku | Azərbaycan | Bakı | Azerbaijani |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Bahamas | Nassau | The Bahamas | Nassau | English |
Bahrain | Manama | Al-Baḥrayn البحرين | Al-Manāmah المنامة | Arabic (Arabic script) |
Bangladesh | Dhaka | Bānglādesh বাংলাদেশ | Dhākā ঢাকা | Bengali (Bengali script) |
Barbados | Bridgetown | Barbados | Bridgetown | English |
Belarus | Minsk | Bielaruś Беларусь Belarus Беларусь | Minsk Мінск Minsk Минск | Belarusian (Cyrillic script) Russian (Cyrillic script) |
Belgium | Brussels | België Belgique Belgien | Brussel Bruxelles Brüssel | Dutch French German |
Belize | Belmopan | Belize | Belmopan | English |
Benin | Porto-Novo | Bénin | Porto-Novo | French |
Bermuda [2] | Hamilton | Bermuda | Hamilton | English |
Bhutan | Thimphu | Druk Yul འབྲུག་ཡུལ | Thimphu ཐིམ་ཕུ | Dzongkha (Tibetan alphabet) |
Bolivia | La Paz | Bolivia Buliwya Wuliwya Volívia | La Paz Chuqiyapu Chuqiyapu La Paz | Spanish Quechua Aymara Guaraní |
Bonaire | Kralendijk | Bonaire | Boneiru | Dutch |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Sarajevo | Bosna i Hercegovina Босна и Херцеговина | Sarajevo Сарајево | Bosnian, Croatian (Latin script) Serbian (Cyrillic script) |
Botswana | Gaborone | Botswana | Gaborone | English, Tswana |
Brazil | Brasília | Brasil | Brasília | Portuguese |
British Virgin Islands [2] | Road Town | British Virgin Islands | Road Town | English |
Brunei | Bandar Seri Begawan | Brunei بروني | Bandar Seri Begawan or Bandar باندر سري بڬاون | Malay (Jawi script) |
Bulgaria | Sofia | Bălgariya or Bălgarija България | Sofiya or Sofija [5] София | Bulgarian (Cyrillic script) |
Burkina Faso | Ouagadougou | Burkina Faso | Ouagadougou | French |
Burundi | Gitega | Uburundi Burundi | Gitega Gitega | Kirundi French |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cambodia | Phnom Penh | Kămpŭchéa កម្ពុជា | Phnum Pénh ភ្នំពេញ | Khmer (Khmer script) |
Cameroon | Yaoundé | Cameroun Cameroon | Yaoundé Yaoundé | French English |
Canada | Ottawa | Canada | Ottawa | English, French |
Cape Verde | Praia | Cabo Verde | Praia | Portuguese |
Cayman Islands [2] | George Town | Cayman Islands | George Town | English |
Central African Republic | Bangui | Centrafrique Bêafrîka | Bangui Bangî | French Sango |
Chad | N'Djamena | Tchad Tšād تشاد | Ndjamena Nijāmīnā نجامينا | French Arabic (Arabic script) |
Chile | Santiago | Chile | Santiago | Spanish |
China (People's Republic of) | Beijing | Zhōngguó (Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó) 中国 (中华人民共和国) | Běijīng 北京 | Mandarin Chinese (Chinese characters) |
Christmas Island [6] | Flying Fish Cove | Christmas Island | Flying Fish Cove | English |
Cocos Islands [6] | West Island | Cocos Islands | West Island | English |
Colombia | Bogotá | Colombia | Bogotá | Spanish |
Comoros | Moroni | Komori Juzur al-Qamar جزر القمر Comores | Moroni Moroni موروني Moroni | Shikomor Arabic (Arabic script) French |
Republic of the Congo | Brazzaville | République du Congo Repubilika ya Kôngo Republíki ya Kongó | Brazzaville Balazavile Brazzaville | French Kongo Lingala |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | Kinshasa | République démocratique du Congo Republíki ya Kongó Demokratíki Repubilika ya Kôngo ya Dimokalasi Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo | Kinshasa Kinsasa Kinsásá Kinshasa | French Kongo Lingala Swahili |
Cook Islands [7] | Avarua | Cook Islands Kūki 'Āirani | Avarua Avarua | English Cook Islands Māori |
Costa Rica | San José | Costa Rica | San José | Spanish |
Côte d'Ivoire (formerly Ivory Coast) | Yamoussoukro | Côte d'Ivoire | Yamoussoukro | French |
Croatia | Zagreb | Hrvatska | Zagreb | Croatian |
Cuba | Havana | Cuba | La Habana | Spanish |
Curaçao [3] | Willemstad | Curaçao Kòrsou Curaçao | Willemstad Willemstad Willemstad | Dutch Papiamento English |
Cyprus | Nicosia | Kypros Κύπρος Kıbrıs | Lefkosia Λευκωσία Lefkoşa | Greek (Greek alphabet) Turkish |
Czech Republic | Prague | Česká republika Česko | Praha | Czech |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Denmark | Copenhagen | Danmark | København | Danish |
Djibouti | Djibouti | Jībūtī جيبوتي Djibouti Jabuuti Gabuuti | Jībūtī جيبوتي Djibouti Jabuuti Gabuuti | Arabic (Arabic script) French Somali Afar |
Dominica | Roseau | Dominica | Roseau | English |
Dominican Republic | Santo Domingo | República Dominicana | Santo Domingo | Spanish |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
East Timor | Díli | Timor Lorosa'e Timor-Leste | Díli Díli | Tetum Portuguese |
Ecuador | Quito | Ecuador | Quito | Spanish |
Egypt | Cairo | Misr or Masr مصر | Al-Qāhirah القاهرة | Arabic (Arabic script) |
El Salvador | San Salvador | El Salvador | San Salvador | Spanish |
Equatorial Guinea | Malabo | Guinea Ecuatorial Guinée équatoriale Guiné Equatorial | Malabo Malabo Malabo | Spanish French Portuguese |
Eritrea | Asmara | Iritriya إرتريا Ertra ኤርትራ | Asmaraa أسمرا Asmära አሥመራ | Arabic (Arabic script) Tigrinya (Ge'ez script) |
Estonia | Tallinn | Eesti | Tallinn | Estonian |
Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) | Mbabane | Eswatini eSwatini | Mbabane Mbabane | English Swazi |
Ethiopia | Addis Ababa | Ityop'ia ኢትዮጵያ | Addis Abäba አዲስ አበ | Amharic (Ge'ez script) |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Falkland Islands [2] | Stanley | Falkland Islands | Stanley | English |
Faroe Islands [8] | Tórshavn | Føroyar Færøerne | Tórshavn Thorshavn | Faroese Danish |
Fiji | Suva | Fiji Viti फ़िजी | Suva Suva Suva | English Fijian Fiji Hindi |
Finland | Helsinki | Suomi Finland | Helsinki Helsingfors | Finnish Swedish |
France | Paris | France | Paris | French |
French Guiana [9] | Cayenne | Guyane | Cayenne | French |
French Polynesia [10] | Papeete | Polynésie française | Papeete | French |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gabon | Libreville | République gabonaise | Libreville | French |
The Gambia | Banjul | The Gambia | Banjul | English |
Georgia | Tbilisi | Sak'art'velo საქართველო | Tbilisi თბილისი | Georgian (Georgian alphabet) |
Germany | Berlin | Deutschland | Berlin | German |
Ghana | Accra | Ghana Gaana Gana Gana | Accra Nkran Nkran Accra | English Akan Twi Ewe |
Gibraltar [2] | Gibraltar | Gibraltar | Gibraltar | English |
Greece | Athens | Hellas Ελλάς or Ellada Ελλάδα | Athinai Αθήναι or Athina Αθήνα | Greek (Greek alphabet) |
Greenland [8] | Nuuk | Kalaallit Nunaat Grønland | Nuuk Godthåb | Greenlandic Danish |
Grenada | St. George's | Grenada | St. George's | English |
Guadeloupe [9] | Basse-Terre | Guadeloupe | Basse-Terre | French |
Guam [1] | Hagåtña formerly Agaña | Guam Guåhån | Hagåtña Hagåtña | English Chamorro |
Guatemala | Guatemala City | Guatemala | Ciudad de Guatemala | Spanish |
Guernsey [11] | Saint Peter Port | Guernsey | Saint Peter Port | English |
Guinea | Conakry | Guinée Gine Gine | Conakry Kɔnakiri Konakiri | French Maninka, Susu Pular |
Guinea-Bissau | Bissau | Guiné-Bissau | Bissau | Portuguese |
Guyana | Georgetown | Guyana | Georgetown | English |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Haiti | Port-au-Prince | Haïti Ayiti | Port-au-Prince Pòtoprens | French Haitian Creole |
Honduras | Tegucigalpa | Honduras | Tegucigalpa | Spanish |
Hong Kong [12] | Hong Kong | Hong Kong Heung Gong 香港 | Hong Kong Heung Gong 香港 | English Cantonese (Traditional Chinese characters) |
Hungary | Budapest | Magyarország | Budapest | Hungarian |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Iceland | Reykjavík | Ísland | Reykjavík | Icelandic |
India | New Delhi | Bhārôt ভাৰত Bhārôt ভারত India Bhārat ભારત Bhārat भारत Bhārata ಭಾರತ Bhārat भारत Bhāratam ഭാരതം Bhārat भारत Bhārat भारत Bhārata ଭାରତ Bhārat ਭਾਰਤ Bhāratam भारतम् Bāratam பாரதம் Bhāratadēśam భారతదేశం | Nôtun Dillī নতুন দিল্লী Nôtun Dillī নতুন দিল্লী New Delhi Navī Dilhī નવી દિલ્હી Naī Dillī नई दिल्ली Navadehalī ನವದೆಹಲಿ Navī Dillī नवी दिल्ली Nyūḍalhi ന്യൂഡല്ഹി Navī Dillī नवी दिल्ली Nayã Dillī नयाँ दिल्ली Nūā Dillī ନୂଆ ଦିଲ୍ଲୀ Navĩ Dillī ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ Navadehalī नवदेहली Pududilli புது தில்லி Krottaḍhillī క్రొత్తఢిల్లీ | Assamese (Assamese script) Bengali (Bengali script) English Gujarati (Gujarati script) Hindi (Devanagari script) Kannada (Kannada script) Konkani (Devanagari script) Malayalam (Malayalam script) Marathi (Devanagari script) Nepali (Devanagari script) Odia (Odia script) Punjabi (Gurmukhi script) Sanskrit (Devanagari script) Tamil (Tamil script) Telugu (Telugu script) |
Indonesia | Jakarta | Indonesia | Jakarta | Indonesian |
Iran | Tehran | Īrān ایران | Tehrān تهران | Persian (Persian script) |
Iraq | Baghdad | Al-'Iraq العراق Êraq عێراق | Baghdad بغداد Bexda بەغدا | Arabic (Arabic script) Kurdish |
Ireland | Dublin | Éire Ireland | Baile Átha Cliath Dublin | Irish English |
Isle of Man [11] | Douglas | Isle of Man Ellan Vannin | Douglas Doolish | English Manx |
Israel | Jerusalem (declared) [lower-alpha 1] | Yisra'el ישראל Israʼiyl إسرائيل | Yerushalayim ירושלים Al-Quds القُدس | Hebrew (Hebrew script) Arabic (Arabic script) |
Italy | Rome | Italia | Roma | Italian |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jamaica | Kingston | Jamaica | Kingston | English |
Japan | Tokyo | Nihon Nippon 日本 | Tōkyō 東京 | Japanese (Japanese characters) |
Jersey [11] | St. Helier | Jersey Jersey Jèrri | St. Helier Saint Hélier Saint Hélyi | English French Jèrriais |
Jordan | Amman | Al-’Urdun الأردن | ‘Ammān عمان | Arabic (Arabic script) |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kazakhstan | Astana | Qazaqstan Қазақстан Kazakhstán Казахстан | Astana Астана Astana Астана | Kazakh (Cyrillic script) Russian (Cyrillic script) |
Kenya | Nairobi | Kenya | Nairobi | English, Swahili |
Kiribati | Tarawa [13] | Kiribati | Tarawa | English, Gilbertese |
North Korea | Pyongyang | Chosŏnas called in NK 조선 / 朝鮮 Bukchosŏn 북조선 | P'yŏngyang 평양 / 平壌 | Korean (Hangul/Hanja) |
South Korea | Seoul | Hangukas called in SK 한국 / 韓國 Namhan 남한 | Seoul 서울 | Korean (Hangul/Hanja) |
Kosovo [14] | Pristina | Kosova Kosovo Косово | Prishtinë Priština Приштина | Albanian Serbian (Latin) Serbian (Cyrillic) |
Kuwait | Kuwait City | Dawlat ul-Kuwayt دولة الكويت il-ikwet الكويت | Madiinat ul-Kuwayt مدينة الكويت id-diira الديرة | Arabic (Official) (Arabic script) Kuwaiti Gulf Arabic (native) (Arabic script) |
Kyrgyzstan | Bishkek | Kyrgyzstan Кыргызстан Kyrgyzstan Кыргызстан | Bishkek Бишкек Bishkek Бишкек | Kyrgyz (Cyrillic script) Russian (Cyrillic script) |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Laos | Vientiane | Lao ປະເທດລາວ | Vientiane, Vieng Chan, or Wīang Chan ວຽງຈັນ | Lao Lao alphabet |
Latvia | Riga | Latvija | Rīga | Latvian |
Lebanon | Beirut | Lubnān لبنان Liban | Bayrūt بيروت Beyrouth | Arabic (Arabic script) |
Lesotho | Maseru | Lesotho | Maseru | Sesotho, English |
Liberia | Monrovia | Liberia | Monrovia | English |
Libya | Tripoli | Libya ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ Lībiyā ليبيا | Ṭrables ⵟⵔⴰⴱⵍⴻⵙ Tarabulus طرابلس | Berber language (Tifinagh script) Arabic (Arabic script) |
Liechtenstein | Vaduz | Liechtenstein | Vaduz | German |
Lithuania | Vilnius | Lietuva | Vilnius | Lithuanian |
Luxembourg | Luxembourg | Lëtzebuerg Luxemburg Luxembourg | Lëtzebuerg Luxemburg Luxembourg | Luxembourgish German French |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Macau [12] | Macau | Oumún 澳門 Macau | Oumún 澳門 Macau | Cantonese (Traditional Chinese characters) Portuguese |
Madagascar | Antananarivo | Madagasikara Madagascar | Antananarivo Antananarivo/Tananarive | Malagasy French |
Malawi | Lilongwe | Malawi Malaŵi | Lilongwe Lilongwe | English Chichewa |
Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | Malay |
Maldives | Malé | Dhivehi Raajje ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ | Malé މާލެ | Dhivehi (Thaana script) |
Mali | Bamako | Mali Mali | Bamako Bamakɔ | French Bambara |
Malta | Valletta | Malta Malta | Valletta or Il-Belt Valletta Valletta | Maltese English |
Marshall Islands | Majuro | Marshall Islands Aorōkin Ṃajeḷ | Majuro Mājro | English Marshallese |
Martinique [9] | Fort-de-France | Martinique | Fort-de-France | French |
Mauritania | Nouakchott | Muritan / Agawec ⵎⵓⵔⵉⵜⴰⵏ / ⴰⴳⴰⵡⵛ Mūrītānyā موريتانيا | Nwakcuṭ / anu ukcuḍ ⵏⵡⴰⴽⵛⵓⵟ / ⴰⵏⵓ ⵓⴽⵛⵓⴹ nwakšūṭ نواكشوط / أنو ؤكشوض | Berber language (Tifinagh script) Arabic (Arabic script) |
Mauritius | Port Louis | Mauritius Maurice Moris | Port Louis Port-Louis Porlwi | English French Mauritian Creole |
Mayotte [9] | Mamoudzou | Mayotte Maore | Mamoudzou Momoju | French Shimaore |
Mexico | Mexico City | México Mēxihco | Ciudad de México Āltepētl Mēxihco | Spanish Nahuatl |
Federated States of Micronesia | Palikir | Federated States of Micronesia | Palikir | English |
Moldova | Chișinău | Moldova | Chișinău | Romanian |
Monaco | Monaco | Monaco Múnegu | Monaco Múnegu | French Monégasque |
Mongolia | Ulaanbaatar | Mongol Uls Монгол Улс ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | Ulaanbaatar Улаанбаатар ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ | Mongolian (Cyrillic script) (Mongol script) |
Montenegro | Podgorica | Crna Gora Црна Гора | Podgorica Подгорица | Montenegrin |
Montserrat [2] | Brades Estate [15] | Montserrat | Brades Estate | English |
Morocco | Rabat | Amerruk / Elmeɣrib ⴰⵎⵔⵔⵓⴽ / ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ Al-maɣréb المغرب | Errbaṭ ⵔⵔⴱⴰⵟ Ar-ribaaṭ الرباط | Berber language (Tifinagh script) Arabic (Arabic script) |
Mozambique | Maputo | Moçambique | Maputo | Portuguese |
Myanmar (or Burma) | Naypyidaw | Myanma မြန်မာ | Nay Pyi Taw နေပြည်တော် | Burmese (Burmese alphabet) |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Namibia | Windhoek | Namibia Namibia Namibië Namibia Namibia | Windhoek Windhuk Windhoek /Ae-//Gams Otjomuise | English German Afrikaans Damara/Nama Herero |
Nauru | Yaren (de facto) [16] | Nauru Naoero | Yaren Yaren | English Nauruan |
Nepal | Kathmandu | Nepāl नेपाल | Kāṭhamāṇḍaũ काठमाण्डौं | Nepali (Devanagari script) |
Netherlands | Amsterdam | Nederland Nederlân | Amsterdam Amsterdam | Dutch West Frisian |
New Caledonia [17] | Nouméa | Nouvelle-Calédonie | Nouméa | French |
New Zealand [18] | Wellington | New Zealand Aotearoa | Wellington Poneke/Te Whanganui-a-Tara | English Māori |
Nicaragua | Managua | Nicaragua | Managua | Spanish |
Niger | Niamey | Niger | Niamey | French |
Nigeria | Abuja | Nigeria Nijeriya Naìjíríyà Nàìjíríà | Abuja Abuja Abuja Àbújá | English Hausa Igbo Yoruba |
Niue [7] | Alofi | Niuē Niue | Alofi Alofi | Niuean English |
Norfolk Island [6] | Kingston | Norfolk Island Norf'k Ailen | Kingston Kingston | English Norfuk |
North Macedonia | Skopje | Severna Makedonija Северна Македонија Maqedonia e Veriut | Skopje Скопје Shkup | Macedonian (Cyrillic script) Albanian |
Northern Mariana Islands [1] | Saipan | Northern Mariana Islands Notte Mariånas | Saipan Saipan | English Chamorro |
Norway | Oslo | Norge Noreg Norga Vuodna Nöörje | Oslo Oslo Oslo Oslo Oslo | Norwegian Bokmål Norwegian Nynorsk Northern Sámi Lule Sámi Southern Sámi |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oman | Muscat | ‘Umān عُمان | Masqaṭ مسقط | Arabic (Arabic script) |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pakistan | Islamabad | Pakistan Pākistān پاکستان | Islamabad Islāmabād اسلاماباد | English Urdu (Arabic script [Nastaʿlīq hand]) |
Palau | Ngerulmud | Belau Palau | Ngerulmud Ngerulmud | English Palauan |
Palestine [14] | East Jerusalem (declared) Ramallah (administrative capital) [lower-alpha 2] | Filasṭīn فلسطين | Al-Quds Al-Sharqit القدس الشرقية Rāmallāh رام الله | Arabic (Arabic script) |
Panama | Panama City | Panamá | Ciudad de Panamá | Spanish |
Papua New Guinea | Port Moresby | Papua New Guinea Papua Niugini Papua Niu Gini | Port Moresby Pot Mosbi Pot Mosbi | English Tok Pisin Hiri Motu |
Paraguay | Asunción | Paraguay Paraguái | Asunción Paraguay | Spanish Guaraní |
Peru | Lima | Perú Piruw | Lima Lima | Spanish Quechua/Aymara |
Philippines | Manila | Pilipinas Philippines | Maynila Manila | Filipino English |
Pitcairn Islands [2] | Adamstown | Pitcairn Islands Pitkern Ailen | Adamstown Adamstown | English Pitcairnese |
Poland | Warsaw | Polska | Warszawa | Polish |
Portugal | Lisbon | Portugal | Lisboa | Portuguese |
Puerto Rico [1] | San Juan | Puerto Rico | San Juan | English, Spanish |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Qatar | Doha | Qaṭar قطر | Ad-Dawḥah الدوحة | Arabic (Arabic script) |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Réunion [9] | Saint-Denis | La Réunion | Saint-Denis | French |
Romania | Bucharest | România | București | Romanian |
Russia | Moscow | Rossiya or Rossiâ Россия [5] | Moskva Москва | Russian (Cyrillic script) |
Rwanda | Kigali | Rwanda | Kigali | French, Kinyarwanda, Swahili, English |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Saba | The Bottom | Saba | Dutch | |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic [14] | Laayoune | Al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah aṣ-Ṣaḥrāwīyah ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية República Árabe Saharaui DemocráticaRépublique Arabe Sahraouie Démocratique | Al-ʿAyyūn لعيون El Aaiún Laâyoune | Arabic (Arabic script) Spanish French |
Saint Barthélemy [10] | Gustavia | Saint-Barthélemy | Gustavia | French |
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha [2] | Jamestown | Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha | Jamestown | English |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Basseterre | Saint Kitts and Nevis | Basseterre | English |
Saint Martin [10] | Marigot | Saint-Martin | Marigot | French |
Saint Lucia | Castries | Saint Lucia | Castries | English |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon [10] | Saint-Pierre | Saint-Pierre et Miquelon | Saint-Pierre | French |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Kingstown | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Kingstown | English |
Samoa | Apia | Samoa Sāmoa | Apia Apia | English Samoan |
San Marino | San Marino | San Marino | San Marino | Italian |
São Tomé and Príncipe | São Tomé | São Tomé e Príncipe | São Tomé | Portuguese |
Saudi Arabia | Riyadh | Al-Mamlaka Al-‘Arabiyyah as Sa‘ūdiyyah المملكة العربية السعودية | Ar-Riyāḍ الرياض | Arabic (Arabic script) |
Senegal | Dakar | Sénégal Senegaal | Dakar Ndakaaru | French Wolof |
Serbia | Belgrade | Srbija Србија | Beograd Београд | Serbian (Cyrillic script) |
Seychelles | Victoria | Sesel Seychelles Seychelles | Victoria or Port Victoria | Seychellois Creole French English |
Sierra Leone | Freetown | Sierra Leone | Freetown | English |
Singapore | Singapore | Singapura Singapore Xīnjiāpō 新加坡 Singapur சிங்கப்பூர் | Singapura Singapore Xīnjiāpō 新加坡 Singapur சிங்கப்பூர் | Malay English Mandarin Chinese (Simplified Chinese characters) Tamil (Tamil script) |
Sint Maarten [3] | Philipsburg | Sint Maarten Sint Maarten | Philipsburg Philipsburg | Dutch English |
Slovakia | Bratislava | Slovensko | Bratislava | Slovak |
Slovenia | Ljubljana | Slovenija | Ljubljana | Slovene |
Solomon Islands | Honiara | Solomon Islands Solomon Aelan | Honiara Honiala | English Neo-Solomonic |
Somalia | Mogadishu | Soomaaliya aş-Şūmāl الصومال | Muqdisho Maqadīshū مقديشو | Somali Arabic (Arabic script) |
South Africa | Pretoria (administrative capital), Cape Town (legislative capital), Bloemfontein, (judicial capital) | South Africa Suid-Afrika iNingizimu Afrika uMzantsi Afrika Afrika-Borwa Afrika Borwa Aforika Borwa Afurika Tshipembe Afrika Dzonga iNingizimu Afrika iSewula Afrika | Pretoria, Cape Town Pretoria, Kaapstad iPitoli, iKapa iPitoli, iKapa Pretoria Pretoria Pretoria Pretoria Pitori iPitoli iPitori | English Afrikaans isiZulu isiXhosa Pedi Sotho Tswana Venda Tsonga Swazi Ndebele |
South Sudan | Juba | South Sudan Sudan Kusini Paguot Thudän | Juba Juba Juba | English Swahili Dinka |
Spain | Madrid | España Espanya Espainia Espanha | Madrid Madrid Madril Madrid | Spanish, Galician Catalan Basque Aranese, Galician (R) |
Sri Lanka | Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte | Sri Lankā ශ්රී ලංකාව இலங்கை | Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ ஶ்ரீ ஜெயவர்த்தனபுரம் கோட்டை | Sinhala Tamil |
Sint Eustatius | Oranjestad | Sint Eustatius Statia | Dutch English | |
Sudan | Khartoum | As-Sudan السودان | Al-Khartûm الخرطوم | Arabic (Arabic script) |
Suriname | Paramaribo | Suriname | Paramaribo | Dutch |
Svalbard [19] | Longyearbyen | Svalbard | Longyearbyen | Norwegian |
Sweden | Stockholm | Sverige | Stockholm | Swedish |
Switzerland | Bern (de facto) [16] | Schweiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra | Bern Berne Berna Berna | German French Italian Romansh |
Syria | Damascus | Suriyah سورية | Dimashq / Ash-Sham الشام / دمشق | Arabic (Arabic script) |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Taiwan (Republic of China) [14] | Taipei | Zhōnghuá Mínguó or Táiwān 中華民國 or 臺灣/台灣 | Táiběi 臺北/台北 | Chinese (Traditional Chinese characters) |
Tajikistan | Dushanbe | Tojikistan Тоҷикистон | Dushanbe Душанбе | Tajiki-Persian (Cyrillic) |
Tanzania | Dodoma | Tanzania | Dodoma | English, Swahili |
Thailand | Bangkok | Thai, Prathet Thai, Ratcha-anachak Thai ไทย, ประเทศไทย, ราชอาณาจักรไทย | Krung Thep, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon กรุงเทพฯ, กรุงเทพมหานคร | Thai (Thai script) |
Togo | Lomé | Togo Togo Togo | Lomé Lome Loma | French Ewe Kabiye |
Tokelau [20] | Tokelau | English, Tokelauan | ||
Tonga | Nukuʻalofa | Tonga | Nukuʻalofa | Tongan, English |
Trinidad and Tobago | Port of Spain | Trinidad and Tobago | Port of Spain | English |
Tunisia | Tunis | Tunes ⵜⵓⵏⵙ Tūns تونس | Tunes ⵜⵓⵏⵙ Tūns تونس | Berber language (Tifinagh script) Arabic (Arabic script) |
Turkey | Ankara | Türkiye | Ankara | Turkish |
Turkmenistan | Ashgabat | Türkmenistan | Aşgabat | Turkmen |
Turks and Caicos Islands [2] | Cockburn Town | Turks and Caicos Islands | Cockburn Town | English |
Tuvalu | Fongafale (in Funafuti) | Tuvalu | Fongafale | English, Tuvaluan |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Uganda | Kampala | Uganda | Kampala | English, Swahili |
Ukraine | Kyiv | Ukrajina Україна | Kyjiv Київ | Ukrainian (Cyrillic script) |
United Arab Emirates | Abu Dhabi | Al-’Imārat Al-‘Arabiyyah Al-Muttaḥidah الإمارات العربيّة المتّحدة | ‘Abū ẓabī أبوظبي | Arabic (Arabic script) |
United Kingdom | London | United Kingdom or Britain Y Deyrnas Unedig Unitit Kinrick Rìoghachd Aonaichte Ríocht Aontaithe An Rywvaneth Unys | London Llundain Lunnon Lunnainn Londain Loundres | English Welsh Scots Scots Gaelic Irish Cornish |
United States | Washington, D.C. | United States or America Estados Unidos États-Unis (multiple names) ‘Amelika Hui Pū ‘ia | Washington, D.C., Washington, or D.C. Washington D.C. Washington, D.C. (multiple names) Wakinekona/Wasinetona | English Spanish Cajun French Indigenous Hawaiian |
United States Virgin Islands [1] | Charlotte Amalie | United States Virgin Islands | Charlotte Amalie | English |
Uruguay | Montevideo | Uruguay | Montevideo | Spanish |
Uzbekistan | Tashkent | O‘zbekiston Ўзбекистон | Toshkent Тошкент | Uzbek (Cyrillic script) |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vanuatu | Port Vila | Vanuatu | Port-Vila | French |
Vatican City | Vatican City | Civitas Vaticana Città del Vaticano | Civitas Vaticana Città del Vaticano | Latin Italian |
Venezuela | Caracas | Venezuela | Caracas | Spanish |
Vietnam | Hanoi | Việt Nam | Hà Nội | Vietnamese |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wallis and Futuna [10] | Mata Utu | Wallis-et-Futuna ʻUvea mo Futuna | Mata Utu Matāʻutu | French Wallisian Futunan |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yemen | Sana'a | Al-Yaman اليمن | Ṣan‘ā’ ﺻﻨﻌﺎﺀ | Arabic (Arabic script) |
Country (exonym) | Capital (exonym) | Country (endonym) | Capital (endonym) | Official or native language(s) (alphabet/script) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zambia | Lusaka | Zambia | Lusaka | English, Bemba, Chewa |
Zimbabwe | Harare | Zimbabwe | Harare | English, Shona |
The history of the State of Palestine describes the creation and evolution of the State of Palestine in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.
The Palestinian territories are the two regions of the former British Mandate for Palestine that have been militarily occupied by Israel since the Six-Day War of 1967, namely: the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has referred to the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, as "the Occupied Palestinian Territory", and this term was used as the legal definition by the ICJ in its advisory opinion of July 2004. The term occupied Palestinian territory was used by the United Nations and other international organizations between October 1999 and December 2012 to refer to areas controlled by the Palestinian National Authority, but from 2012, when Palestine was admitted as one of its non-member observer states, the United Nations started using exclusively the name State of Palestine. The European Union (EU) also adopts the term occupied Palestinian territory, with a parallel term Palestinian Authority territories also occasionally used. The government of Israel and its supporters use the label "disputed territories" instead.
Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a state located in the Southern Levant region of West Asia. Officially governed by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), it claims the West Bank and the Gaza Strip as its territory, though the entirety of that territory has been under Israeli occupation since the 1967 Six-Day War. As a result of the Oslo Accords of 1993–1995, the West Bank is currently divided into 165 Palestinian enclaves that are under partial Palestinian National Authority (PNA) rule; the remainder, including 200 Israeli settlements, is under full Israeli control. The Gaza Strip has been ruled by the militant Islamic group Hamas and has been subject to a long-term blockade by Egypt and Israel since 2007.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 478, adopted on 20 August 1980, is one of two General Assembly resolutions followed by seven UNSC resolutions condemning Israel's attempted annexation of East Jerusalem. In particular, UNSC res 478 notes Israel's non-compliance with United Nations Security Council Resolution 476 and condemned Israel's 1980 Jerusalem Law which declared Jerusalem to be Israel's "complete and united" capital, as a violation of international law. The resolution states that the council will not recognize this law, and calls on member states to accept the decision of the council. This resolution also calls upon member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from the city.
The International law bearing on issues of Arab–Israeli conflict, which became a major arena of regional and international tension since the birth of Israel in 1948, resulting in several disputes between a number of Arab countries and Israel.
Israeli-occupied territories are the lands that were captured and occupied by Israel during the Six-Day War of 1967. While the term is currently applied to the Palestinian territories and the Golan Heights, it has also been used to refer to areas that were formerly occupied by Israel, namely the Sinai Peninsula and southern Lebanon. Prior to Israel's victory in the Six-Day War, governance of the Palestinian territories was split between Egypt and Jordan, with the former having occupied the Gaza Strip and the latter having annexed the West Bank; the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights were under the sovereignty of Egypt and Syria, respectively. The first conjoined usage of the terms "occupied" and "territories" with regard to Israel was in United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, which was drafted in the aftermath of the Six-Day War and called for: "the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East" to be achieved by "the application of both the following principles: ... Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict ... Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgment of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force."
The status of Jerusalem is disputed in both international law and diplomatic practice, with both the Israelis and Palestinians claiming Jerusalem as their capital city. The dispute has been described as "one of the most intractable issues in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict", with conflicting claims to sovereignty over the city or parts of it, and access to its holy sites. The main dispute revolves around the legal status of East Jerusalem and especially the Old City of Jerusalem, while broader agreement exists regarding future Israeli presence in West Jerusalem in accordance with Israel's internationally recognised borders.
Corpus separatum was the internationalization proposal for Jerusalem and its surrounding area as part of the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine. It was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly with a two-thirds majority in November 1947. According to the Partition Plan, the city of Jerusalem would be brought under international governance, conferring it a special status due to its shared importance for the Abrahamic religions. The corpus separatum was one of the main issues of the Lausanne Conference of 1949, besides the borders of Israel and the question of the Palestinian right of return.
The foreign relations of the State of Palestine have been conducted since the establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964. In November 1988, the PLO's Palestinian National Council declared the independence of the State of Palestine and in 1994 the PLO established the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) following the Oslo Accords. The PLO Executive Committee performs the functions of the government of the State of Palestine. Currently, the PLO maintains a network of offices in foreign countries and also represents the PNA abroad.
International recognition of the State of Palestine has been the objective of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) since the Palestinian Declaration of Independence formally established the de jure sovereign state on 15 November 1988 in Algiers, Algeria, at an extraordinary session in-exile of the Palestinian National Council. The declaration was promptly acknowledged by a range of countries, and by the end of the year, the proclaimed Palestinian state was recognized by over 78 countries. As of 31 July 2019, 138 of the 193 United Nations (UN) member states and two non-member states have recognized it. Palestine also has been a non-member observer state of the UN General Assembly since the passing of United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19 in November 2012.
There are a wide variety of views regarding the legal status of the State of Palestine, both among the states of the international community and among legal scholars. The existence of a state of Palestine, although controversial, is a reality in the opinions of the states that have established bilateral diplomatic relations. It is a non-member observer state at the United Nations since November, 2012. As of 31 July 2019, a total of 138 countries recognize it.
The United States officially recognized Jerusalem as the capital city of Israel on December 6, 2017. American president Donald Trump, who signed the U.S. presidential proclamation, also ordered the relocation of the American diplomatic mission to Israel, formerly located in Tel Aviv. Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu welcomed the U.S. recognition and praised the announcement by the Trump administration. On December 8, U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson clarified that Trump's statement "did not indicate any final status for Jerusalem" and "was very clear that the final status, including the borders, would be left to the two parties to negotiate and decide" in reference to the move's impact on the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.
United Nations General Assembly resolution ES‑10/19 is an emergency session resolution declaring the status of Jerusalem as Israel's capital as "null and void". It was adopted by the 37th Plenary meeting of the tenth emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly during the tenure of the seventy-second session of the United Nations General Assembly on 21 December 2017. The resolution was drafted by Yemen and Turkey. Though strongly contested by the United States, it passed by 128 votes to 9 against with 21 absentees and 35 abstentions.