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The Cross of Saint Peter, also known as the Petrine Cross, is an inverted Latin cross traditionally used as a Christian symbol, associated with the martyrdom of Saint Peter. In recent times, it has also been used as an anti-Christian and Satanic symbol. The symbol originates from the Catholic tradition that when sentenced to death, Peter requested that his cross be upside down.
The origin of the symbol comes from the tradition that Saint Peter was crucified upside down. [1] This narrative first appears in the "Martyrdom of Peter", a text found in, but possibly predating, the Acts of Peter , an apocryphal work which was originally composed during the second half of the 2nd century. [2] In the Acts of Peter, the author writes that Peter's request to be crucified upside-down was to make a point: that the values of those crucifying him were upside-down, and that we need to look beyond the inverted values of this world and adopt the values of Jesus if we wish to enter the Kingdom of heaven. [3] Another common interpretation is that Saint Peter asked to be crucified upside-down because he felt that he was not worthy to die in the same way that Jesus was killed.
Another important Christian who died in the same way was Philip the Apostle. [4]
The cross of Saint Peter has also been used for non-Christian symbolism. A 19th-century occultist Eugène Vintras , known for his claim to be the reincarnation of the Prophet Elijah, was the first to wear the inverted cross.[ citation needed ] Vintras and his followers were condemned by followers of Pope Gregory XVI in an 1846 pamphlet, The Saints of Tilly-sur-Seulle, for homosexuality, conducting Black Masses in the nude, and masturbating on altars. [5]
The inverted cross is a recurring motif in metal music, particularly black metal, in congruity with its anti-Christian themes. One well-known example is Glen Benton of the band Deicide who branded an inverted cross onto his forehead. [6]
Former Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward suggested that the use of an inverted cross on the inner gatefold sleeve of their debut album by their label Vertigo may have been a promotional ploy or a misunderstanding of the nature of the group. [7]
The Swedish metal band Ghost makes use of the inverted cross in place of the final "t" in the band's wordmark, as well as on singer Papa Emeritus I's chasuble. Also, Ghost uses an inverted cross bisecting the letter G as their logo, the Grucifix.
Indie hip hop artist Tyler, The Creator tattoos the cross as on his forehead for his 2011 album Goblin (deluxe).
Experimental trap artist Playboi Carti utilizes the upside down cross for his 2020 album Whole Lotta Red. On the cover, Carti is depicted wearing an inverted crucifix pendant. [8] This piece of jewelry has remained a staple with his outfits. Similarly, his Opium signee Ken Carson has inserted the iconography into the cover for his 2023 album A Great Chaos. [9]
Many horror films use inverted crosses as part of their imagery and marketing, especially if the film involves demonic themes. Examples include The Amityville Horror , The Conjuring and Paranormal Activity . At the end of Rosemary's Baby , an upside down cross hangs over the bassinet containing Satan's son.
It’s important not to confuse[ weasel words ] the Petrine Cross with other symbols, such as the peace sign enclosed within a circle, which has no association with Saint Peter or Christianity.[ relevant? ]
Barnabas, born Joseph (Ἰωσήφ) or Joses (Ἰωσής), was according to tradition an early Christian, one of the prominent Christian disciples in Jerusalem. According to Acts 4:36, Barnabas was a Cypriot Levite. Identified as an apostle in Acts 14:14, he and Paul the Apostle undertook missionary journeys together and defended Gentile converts against the Judaizers. They traveled together making more converts, and participated in the Council of Jerusalem. Barnabas and Paul successfully evangelized among the "God-fearing" Gentiles who attended synagogues in various Hellenized cities of Anatolia.
Quo vadis? is a Latin phrase meaning "Where are you going?" It is commonly translated, quoting the KJV translation of John 13:36, as "Whither goest thou?"
Bartholomew was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Most scholars today identify Bartholomew as Nathanael, who appears in the Gospel of John.
Philip the Apostle was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Later Christian traditions describe Philip as the apostle who preached in Greece, Syria, and Asia-Minor.
Simon the Zealot, also the Canaanite or the Canaanean was one of the apostles of Jesus. A few pseudepigraphical writings were connected to him, but Jerome does not include him in De viris illustribus written between 392 and 393 AD.
The Acts of Peter is one of the earliest of the apocryphal Acts of the Apostles in Christianity, dating to the late 2nd century AD. The majority of the text has survived only in the Latin translation of the Codex Vercellensis, under the title Actus Petri cum Simone. It is notable for a description of a miracle contest between Saint Peter and Simon Magus, the first record of the tradition that Saint Peter was crucified head-down, and as the origin of the saying Quo vadis?
The Acts of Andrew, is a Christian apocryphal work describing acts and miracles of Andrew the Apostle. It is alluded to in a Coptic 3rd-century work titled the Manichaean Psalm Book, so it must have been composed prior to that century. By the 4th century, the stories told in the book were considered apocryphal, and the book was relegated to the New Testament apocrypha.
The seventy disciples, known in the Eastern Christian traditions as the seventy apostles, were early emissaries of Jesus mentioned in the Gospel of Luke. The number of those disciples varies between either 70 or 72 depending on the manuscript.
The Crucifixion of Saint Peter is a work by Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, painted in 1601 for the Cerasi Chapel of Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome. Across the chapel is a second Caravaggio work depicting the Conversion of Saint Paul on the Road to Damascus (1601). On the altar between the two is the Assumption of the Virgin Mary by Annibale Carracci.
Domine, quo vadis? is a 1602 painting by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci (1560–1609), depicting a scene from the apocryphal Acts of Peter. It is housed in the National Gallery, where it is given the title Christ appearing to Saint Peter on the Appian Way. The subject is a rare representation in art of the theme Quo vadis. Annibale Carracci was the founder of the Italian Baroque painting school, called Bolognese School. This painting is one of his best known works. Peter is depicted fleeing Rome to avoid crucifixion and has a vision of meeting Christ bearing his Cross. Peter asks Jesus "Quo vadis?" to which he replies, "Romam vado iterum crucifigi". Peter returns to Rome after this vision.
The Acts of the Apostles is a genre of early Christian literature, recounting the lives and works of the apostles of Jesus. The Acts are important for many reasons, one of them being the concept of apostolic succession. They also provide insight into the valuation of "missionary activities among the exotic races," since some of them feature missionary work done among, for instance, the Cynocephaly.
The authorship of the Petrine epistles is a question in biblical criticism, parallel to that of the authorship of the Pauline epistles, in which scholars have sought to determine the exact authors of the New Testament letters. The vast majority of biblical scholars think the two epistles do not share the same author, due to wide differences in Greek style and views between the two letters. Most scholars today conclude that Peter the Apostle was the author of neither of the two epistles that are attributed to him.
Andrew the Apostle, also called Saint Andrew, was an apostle of Jesus. According to the New Testament, he was a fisherman and one of the Twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus. The title First-Called stems from the Gospel of John, where Andrew, initially a disciple of John the Baptist, follows Jesus and, recognizing him as the Messiah, introduces his brother Simon Peter to him.
Saint Peter, also known as Peter the Apostle, Simon Peter, Simeon, Simon, or Cephas, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ and one of the first leaders of the early Christian Church. He appears repeatedly and prominently in all four New Testament gospels as well as the Acts of the Apostles. Catholic tradition accredits Peter as the first bishop of Rome—or pope—and also as the first bishop of Antioch.
The Restoration of Peter is an incident described in John 21 of the New Testament in which Jesus appeared to his disciples after his resurrection and spoke to Peter in particular. Jesus restored Peter to fellowship after Peter had previously denied him and told Peter to feed Jesus' sheep.
Jordan Terrell Carter, known professionally as Playboi Carti, is an American rapper. An influential figure among his generation, he has contributed to the progression of trap music and its rage subgenre. He first signed with local underground record label Awful Records in 2014, and later signed with ASAP Mob's record label AWGE, in a joint venture with Interscope Records two years later. Carter gained mainstream attention following the release of his eponymous debut mixtape (2017), which peaked at number 12 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and spawned the Billboard Hot 100-charting singles "Magnolia" and "Wokeuplikethis".
Whole Lotta Red is the second studio album by American rapper Playboi Carti. It was released on December 25, 2020, by AWGE and Interscope Records. The album consists of 24 tracks and features guest appearances from American rappers Kanye West, Kid Cudi, and Future. West served as the executive producer for the album, contributing to its overall production and appearing on the track "Go2DaMoon". The primary production was handled by F1lthy and Art Dealer, alongside a host of other producers, including Pi'erre Bourne, Maaly Raw, Lil 88, Jasper Harris, Ojivolta, and Wheezy. Recording for Whole Lotta Red began in late 2018 and concluded in November 2020. The album serves as the follow-up to Carti's debut studio album, Die Lit (2018).
Mario Diamond-Judah Douglas is an American singer, songwriter, rapper and record producer. In 2017, Judah began producing music at the age of 17, with his first commercial single being released in 2020. He rose to prominence as an internet meme with his single "Die Very Rough” as well as for his sardonic criticism of American rapper Playboi Carti regarding the delayed release of his second studio album, Whole Lotta Red.
"Go2DaMoon" is a song by American rapper Playboi Carti, featuring fellow American rapper Kanye West. It was released through AWGE and Interscope Records as the second track from Carti's second studio album, Whole Lotta Red, on December 25, 2020. The song was written by Playboi Carti and Kanye West, alongside producers Wheezy and Outtatown.
Crucifixion of Saint Andrew is a tempera painting by Greek painter Michael Damaskinos. Damaskinos painted in Heraklion, Venice, Sicily, and other parts of Italy. He was associated with the Greek church San Giorgio dei Greci in Venice. His painting of the Crucifixion of Saint Andrew follows the traditional Greek mannerisms prevalent at the time. It is a rare painting of Andrew the Apostle crucified in the same style as his brother Saint Peter. Saint Peter refused to be crucified the same way as Jesus. He was crucified upside down. Saint Andrew is typically crucified in the form of an X rather than the cross. He was crucified in Patras where his remains can be found today at the Cathedral of Saint Andrew, Patras. The Damaskinos painting of the Crucifixion of Saint Andrew can be found at the Byzantine and Christian Museum in Athens, Greece.
Unless ye make the right as the left, and the top as the bottom and the front as the backward, ye shall not know the Kingdom (of heaven).
