List of heads of state and government of Indian origin

Last updated

This is a list of former and current heads of state and heads of government of the sovereign countries who were/are of full or partial Indian origin, other than the heads of state and government of countries of the Indian subcontinent. This list does not include acting, interim, transitional, temporary or representative heads of state and government.

Contents

Heads of state and heads of government

  Denotes incumbent heads of state or government
S.No.Name
(birth―death)		PortraitOfficeDesignationCountryTermTenureBirthplaceDescentRef.
1 Seewoosagur Ramgoolam
(1900–1985)		 Seewoosagur Ramgoolam.jpg Prime Minister of Mauritius Head of government Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 12 March 196830 June 198214 years, 110 daysBelle Rive, British Mauritius Indo-Mauritian of Bhojpuri descent [1] [2]
2 Alfredo Nobre da Costa
(1923–1996)
Alfredo Nobre.jpg
Prime Minister of Portugal Head of government Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 28 August 197822 November 197886 days Lisbon, Portugal Indo-Portuguese of Goan descent [3]
3 Mahathir Mohamad
(born 1925)		 Mahathir Mohamad in 18th Summit of Non-Aligned Movement (cropped).jpg Prime Minister of Malaysia Head of government Flag of Malaysia.svg  Malaysia 16 July 198131 October 200324 years, 38 days Alor Setar, Unfederated Malay States, British Malaya Malaysian Indian of Malayali descent [4] [5]
10 May 2018 1 March 2020
4 Devan Nair
(1923–2005)		 President of Singapore Head of state Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 23 October 198127 March 19853 years, 155 days Melaka, Straits Settlements Indian Singaporean of Malayali descent [6] [7]
5 Fred Ramdat Misier
(1926–2004)		 L.F.Ramdat Misier (cropped).jpg President of Suriname Head of state Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 8 February 198225 January 19885 years, 351 days Paramaribo, Surinam Indo-Surinamese of Bhojpuri descent [8]
6 Anerood Jugnauth
(1930–2021)		 Anerood Jugnauth January 2013.jpg Prime Minister of Mauritius Head of government Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 30 June 198222 December 199518 years, 225 days La Caverne, British Mauritius Indo-Mauritian of Bhojpuri descent [9] [10]
17 September 200030 September 2003
17 December 201423 January 2017
President of Mauritius Head of state 7 October 200331 March 20128 years, 176 days
7 Errol Alibux
(born 1948)		 Errol Alibux.png Prime Minister of Suriname Head of government Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 26 February 19838 January 1984316 days Paramaribo, Surinam Indo-Surinamese of Bhojpuri descent [11] [12]
8 Pretaap Radhakishun
(1934–2001)		 Prime Minister of Suriname Head of government Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 17 July 19867 April 1987264 days Paramaribo, Surinam Indo-Surinamese of Bhojpuri descent [13]
9 Noor Hassanali
(1918–2006)		 President of Trinidad and Tobago Head of state Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 20 March 198717 March 19979 years, 362 days San Fernando, British Trinidad and Tobago Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian of Bhojpuri descent [14] [15]
10 Ramsewak Shankar
(born 1937)		 Ramsewak Shankar.webp President of Suriname Head of state, Head of government Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 25 January 1988 24 December 1990 2 years, 333 days Nieuw Amsterdam, Surinam Indo-Surinamese of Bhojpuri descent [16] [17]
11 Veerasamy Ringadoo
(1920–2000)		 Veerasamy Ringadoo.jpg President of Mauritius Head of state Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 12 March 199230 June 1992110 days Port Louis, British Mauritius Indo-Mauritian of Tamil descent [18] [19]
12 Cassam Uteem
(born 1941)		 Cassam Uteem (cropped).jpg President of Mauritius Head of state Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 30 June 199215 February 20029 years, 230 days Port Louis, British Mauritius Indo-Mauritian of Bhojpuri descent [20] [21]
13 Cheddi Jagan
(1918–1997)		 President Cheddi Jagan.png President of Guyana Head of state, Head of government Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 9 October 19926 March 19974 years, 148 daysAnkerville, British Guiana Indo-Guyanese of Bhojpuri descent [22] [23]
14 Basdeo Panday
(1933–2024)		 Basdeo Panday with Mikko Pyhala (Ambassador of Finland) (cropped).jpg Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago Head of government Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 9 November 199524 December 20016 years, 45 daysSt. Julien Village, British Trinidad and Tobago Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian of Bhojpuri descent [24] [25] [26]
15 Navin Ramgoolam
(born 1947)		 Navin Ramgoolam 2014.png Prime Minister of Mauritius Head of government Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 27 December 199511 September 200014 years, 59 days Port Louis, British Mauritius Indo-Mauritian of Bhojpuri descent [27]
5 July 200517 December 2014
16 Mahendra Chaudhry
(born 1942)		 Mahendra Chaudhry 2015.jpg Prime Minister of Fiji Head of government Flag of Fiji.svg  Fiji 19 May 1999 27 May 2000 1 year, 8 days Ba, British Fiji Indo-Fijian of Haryanvi descent [28] [29]
17 Bharrat Jagdeo
(born 1964)		 Jagdeo03032007.jpg President of Guyana Head of state, Head of government Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 11 August 19993 December 201112 years, 114 days Unity Village, British Guiana Indo-Guyanese of Awadhi descent [30] [31]
18 S. R. Nathan
(1924–2016)		 President of Singapore SR Nathan.jpg President of Singapore Head of state Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 1 September 199931 August 201111 years, 364 days Singapore, Straits Settlements Indian Singaporean of Tamil descent [32] [33]
19 Kamla Persad-Bissessar
(born 1952)		 Kamla Persad-Bissesar 2013.jpg Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago Head of government Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 26 May 20109 September 20155 years, 108 days Siparia, British Trinidad and Tobago Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian of Bhojpuri and Tamil descent [34] [35]
20 Donald Ramotar
(born 1950)		 Donald Ramotar.png President of Guyana Head of state, Head of government Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 3 December 201116 May 20153 years, 164 daysCaria Caria, British Guiana Indo-Guyanese of Bhojpuri descent [36] [37]
21 Kailash Purryag
(born 1947)		 Kailash Purryag September 2014.jpg President of Mauritius Head of state Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 21 July 201229 May 20152 years, 312 days Camp Fouquereaux, British Mauritius Indo-Mauritian of Bhojpuri descent [38] [39]
22 Ameenah Gurib-Fakim
(born 1959)		 Ameenah Gurib-Fakim.jpg President of Mauritius Head of state Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 5 June 201523 March 20182 years, 291 days Surinam, British Mauritius Indo-Mauritian of Gujarati descent [40] [41]
23 António Costa
(born 1961)		 Antonio Costa em 2017.jpg Prime Minister of Portugal Head of government Flag of Portugal.svg  Portugal 26 November 20152 April 20248 years, 128 days Lisbon, Portugal Indo-Portuguese of Goan descent [42] [43]
24 Pravind Jugnauth
(born 1961)		 Pravind Jugnauth.jpg Prime Minister of Mauritius Head of government Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 23 January 2017Incumbent7 years, 166 days La Caverne, British Mauritius Indo-Mauritian of Bhojpuri descent [44]
25 Leo Varadkar
(born 1979)		 Leo Varadkar TD (cropped).jpg Taoiseach Head of government Flag of Ireland.svg  Ireland 14 June 201727 June 20204 years, 127 days Dublin, Ireland Irish Indian of Konkani descent [45] [46]
17 December 20229 April 2024
26 Halimah Yacob
(born 1954)		 President Halimah Yacob in 2019.jpg President of Singapore Head of state Flag of Singapore.svg  Singapore 14 September 201714 September 20236 years, 0 days Singapore City, British Singapore Indian Singaporean of Malayali descent [47] [48]
27 Prithvirajsing Roopun
(born 1959)		 Prithvirajsing Roopun.png President of Mauritius Head of state Flag of Mauritius.svg  Mauritius 2 December 2019Incumbent4 years, 218 days Quatre Bornes, British Mauritius Indo-Mauritian of Bhojpuri descent [49] [50]
28 Chan Santokhi
(born 1959)		 Chandrikapersad Santokhi (cropped).jpg President of Suriname Head of state, Head of government Flag of Suriname.svg  Suriname 16 July 2020Incumbent3 years, 357 days Lelydorp, Suriname Indo-Surinamese of Bhojpuri descent [51]
29 Irfaan Ali
(born 1980)		 Irfaan Ali in 2020.jpg President of Guyana Head of state, Head of government Flag of Guyana.svg  Guyana 2 August 2020Incumbent3 years, 340 days Leonora, Guyana Indo-Guyanese of Bhojpuri descent [52] [53]
30 Wavel Ramkalawan
(born 1961)		 Wavel Ramkalawan - president of Seychelles.jpg President of Seychelles Head of state, Head of government Flag of Seychelles.svg  Seychelles 26 October 2020Incumbent3 years, 255 days Mahé, British Seychelles Indo-Seychellois of Bhojpuri descent [54] [55]
31 Rishi Sunak
(born 1980)		 Official Portrait of Prime Minister Rishi Sunak (cropped).jpg Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Head of government Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom 25 October 20225 July 20241 year, 254 days Southampton, England, United Kingdom British Indian of Punjabi descent [56] [57]
32 Christine Kangaloo
(born 1961)		 The Hon Christine Kangaloo.jpg President of Trinidad and Tobago Head of state Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg  Trinidad and Tobago 20 March 2023Incumbent1 year, 109 daysCascade, British Trinidad and Tobago Indo-Trinidaian and Tobagonian of Bhojpuri descent

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Mauritius</span> Head of state of Mauritius

The President of the Republic of Mauritius is the head of state of the Republic of Mauritius. Mauritius is a parliamentary republic, and the president functions as a ceremonial figurehead, elected by the National Assembly as set out by the Constitution of Mauritius. The current office-holder is Prithvirajsing Roopun. He took the office on 2 December 2019. The president's official residence is the State House.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian Arrival Day</span> Holiday

Indian Arrival Day is a holiday celebrated on various days in the nations of the Caribbean, Fiji, South Africa and Mauritius, commemorating the arrival of people from the Indian subcontinent to their respective nations as indentured labours brought by European colonial authorities and their agents. In Guyana, Mauritius, Fiji and Trinidad and Tobago, where it started, it is an official public holiday.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pravasi Bharatiya Samman</span> Award

The Pravasi Bharatiya Samman is the highest Indian award for Overseas Indians or an organisation or institution established and run by Overseas Indian diaspora, constituted by the Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs, Government of India in conjunction with the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, to honour exceptional and meritorious contribution in their chosen field/profession. The award is given by the President of India. Since 2016, the Government of India has doubled the number of awardees each year to 30 after a decision to grant the award once every two years.

Pravasi Bharatiya Divas is a celebratory day observed on 9 January by the Republic of India to mark the contribution of the Overseas Indian community towards the development of India. The day commemorates the return of Mahatma Gandhi from South Africa to Mumbai on 9 January 1915.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sushma Swaraj</span> Indian stateswoman and diplomat (1952–2019)

Sushma Swaraj was an Indian lawyer and politician, who served as the Minister of External Affairs of India in the first Narendra Modi government from 2014 to 2019. She was the second person to complete a 5-year term as the Minister of External Affairs, after Jawaharlal Nehru. A senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Swaraj was the second woman to hold the office of Minister of External Affairs, after Indira Gandhi. She was elected seven times as a Member of Parliament and three times as a Member of the Legislative Assembly. At the age of 25 in 1977, she became the youngest cabinet minister of the Indian state of Haryana. She also served as 5th Chief Minister of Delhi for a short duration in 1998 and became the first female Chief Minister of Delhi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Council of Women World Leaders</span> Network of current and former state leaders founded in 1996

The Council of Women World Leaders, created in 1996, is a network of 83 current and former presidents and prime ministers. It is the only organization in the world dedicated to women heads of state and government. The council's Ministerial Initiative also involves current and former cabinet ministers and secretaries in the work of the council.

Angidi Verriah Chettiar CBE was a Mauritian politician who served twice as the second vice president of Mauritius until his death in September 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian diaspora</span> Indian citizens and persons of Indian origin living abroad

Overseas Indians, officially Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and People of Indian Origin (PIOs) are Indians who reside or originate outside of India. According to the Government of India, Non-Resident Indians are citizens of India who currently are not living in India, while the term People of Indian Origin refers to people of Indian birth or ancestry who are citizens of countries other than India. Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) is given to People of Indian Origin and to persons who are not People of Indian Origin but married to Indian citizen or People of Indian Origin. Persons with OCI status are known as Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs). The OCI status is a permanent visa for visiting India with a foreign passport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deputy Prime Minister of Mauritius</span>

The Deputy Prime Minister of Mauritius is a senior member of the Cabinet of Mauritius. The incumbent Deputy Prime Minister Louis Steven Obeegadoo was appointed by the President on 25th of June 2020 after the resignation of Ivan Collendavelloo. The Deputy Prime Minister is the first in line to succeed the Prime Minister on a temporary basis in case the latter is out of the country, sick, resigns or dies suddenly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kailash Purryag</span> President of Mauritius from 2012 to 2015

Rajkeswur Purryag, GCSK is a former Mauritian politician who served as the fifth president of Mauritius from 2012 to May 2015. He was elected president of Mauritius by the National Assembly and took office on 21 July 2012. He succeeded Sir Anerood Jugnauth, who spent nine years as president from 2003 until resigning in March 2012. Kailash Purryag previously served as Member of Parliament, Minister and Speaker of the National Assembly; he made his debut in the political arena at an early age in 1976.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malini Awasthi</span> Indian folk singer

Malini Awasthi is an Indian folk singer. She sings in Bhojpuri, Awadhi and Hindi, She also presents Thumri and Kajri. The Government of India awarded her the civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 2016. She is known for her contribution in Bhojpuri music.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">S. Jaishankar</span> External Affairs Minister of India since 2019

Subrahmanyam Jaishankar is an Indian diplomat and politician, who has served as 30th Minister of External Affairs of the Government of India since 31 May 2019. He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and has been a Member of Parliament in the Rajya Sabha since 5 July 2019. He previously served as the Foreign Secretary from January 2015 to January 2018. He is the second diplomat to be appointed India's External Affairs minister, after Natwar Singh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Priyanca Radhakrishnan</span> New Zealand politician

Priyanca Radhakrishnan is a New Zealand politician who has been elected to the New Zealand parliament since the 2017 general election as a representative of the New Zealand Labour Party and was Minister for the Community and Voluntary Sector from 2020 to 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashwin Adhin</span> Surinamese politician

Michael Ashwin Satyandre Adhin is a Surinamese educator, politician, and was the Vice President of Suriname between 2015 and 2020. He is a member of the National Democratic Party. At the age of 35, he became the youngest vice president in the history of Suriname to lead the Council of Ministers. Adhin is a Hindu of Indian descent.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Irfaan Ali</span> President of Guyana since 2020

Mohamed Irfaan Ali is a Guyanese politician serving as the tenth and current president of Guyana since 2020. A member of the People's Progressive Party/Civic (PPP/C), he previously served as the minister of Housing and Water from 2009 to 2015. He is the first Muslim to hold office, and is the third Muslim head of state in the Americas after Noor Hassanali of Trinidad and Tobago and Carlos Saul Menem of Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prithvirajsing Roopun</span> Seventh President of Mauritius

Prithvirajsing Roopun GCSK, also known as Pradeep Singh Roopun, is a Mauritian politician serving as the seventh president of Mauritius since 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Presidency of Ram Nath Kovind</span> Indian politician

The presidency of Ram Nath Kovind began on 25 July 2017, when he took the oath as the fourteenth president of India administered by Chief Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar. Kovind was the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) nominee and defeated the Indian National Congress (Congress)-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) nominee and former speaker of Lok Sabha, Meira Kumar. Prior to being the presidential nominee, he was the governor of Bihar and a member of parliament in Rajya Sabha. Kovind secured approximately two-thirds of the electoral college vote of the elected members of the federal, state and union territory legislatures.

Events in the year 2022 in Mauritius.

References

  1. ↑ "Gender and Politicised Religion". Researchgate. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  2. ↑ "Histoire: Mauritius Independence 1961-1968". Le Mauricien (in French). 9 March 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  3. ↑ "Primeiro-Ministros de Portugal". Portugal Info (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2013-06-19. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  4. ↑ "Tun M, Father of Modern Malaysia | New Straits Times | Malaysia General Business Sports and Lifestyle News". Archived from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
  5. ↑ Wain, Barry (2010). Malaysian Maverick: Mahathir Mohamad in Turbulent Times . Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN   978-0-230-23873-2.
  6. ↑ "Mr Devan Nair". www.istana.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 2021-12-28. Retrieved 2016-03-08.
  7. ↑ Singh, Bajinder Pal. "Thailand's Indians hope for stability, peace after coup". Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
  8. ↑ "Suriname's former president Ramdat Misier dies". Agence France-Presse . Caribbean Net News. 27 June 2004. Archived from the original on 4 December 2004. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
  9. ↑ "YourLocalNews.ca – TC Media's local information websites". Archived from the original on January 5, 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  10. ↑ "Mauritius — Central Intelligence Agency". Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-18.
  11. ↑ Anthony Payne; Paul K. Sutton (1 February 1993). Modern Caribbean Politics. JHU Press. pp. 133–. ISBN   978-0-8018-4435-5.
  12. ↑ "Suriname's Cabinet is Ousted". The New York Times . Reuters. 1984-01-10. Retrieved 2014-01-21.
  13. ↑ "P. Radhakishun wordt premier van Suriname". De Volkskrant via kb.nl (in Dutch). 16 July 1986. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
  14. ↑ "Noor Hassanali". The Times . 29 September 2006. ISSN   0140-0460 . Retrieved 2019-09-26– via www.thetimes.co.uk.
  15. ↑ Forde, Lester (26 August 2006). "Former president Noor Hassanali dead at 88". Trinidad Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 August 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  16. ↑ "Timeline Suriname". BBC News. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  17. ↑ "Nieuwe President vraagt Bouterse terug". Leidse Courant (in Dutch). 31 December 1990. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  18. ↑ Who's who of Rhodesia, Mauritius, Central and East Africa. Wooten & Gibson. 1971. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  19. ↑ "History of the Tamil League". Archived from the original on 2009-04-29. Retrieved 2009-09-29.
  20. ↑ Uteem, Cassam. "Tribute to a renowned statesman". lemauricien.com. Le Mauricien. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
  21. ↑ "Cassam Uteem Former President of Mauritius". Global Commission on Drugs. 26 March 2019. Retrieved 2020-06-02.
  22. ↑ Naipaul, V. S. (2012-03-15). The Writer and the World. Knopf Canada. ISBN   9780307370648.
  23. ↑ "Cheddi Jagan Elected As Guyana's President", The New York Times, 8 October 1992.
  24. ↑ "Hinduism Today Magazine".
  25. ↑ "Tracing roots to India". The Trinidad Guardian Newspaper. 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2017-08-13.
  26. ↑ Premdas, Ralph R. (2004-01-14). "Elections, Identity and Ethnic Conflict in the Caribbean". Pouvoirs dans la Caraïbe. Revue du CRPLC (14). Justin Daniel: 17–61. doi: 10.4000/plc.246 . ISSN   1279-8657.
  27. ↑ "Bio-data of Dr The Honourable Navinchandra Ramgoolam". Government of Mauritius. Archived from the original on 15 November 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2012.
  28. ↑ Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. Jan-Aug 1987. 2003. hdl:2027/uc1.c049297807 – via HathiTrust.
  29. ↑ "More ministers join interim Cabinet" Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine , Fiji Times, 9 January 2007.
  30. ↑ "Guyanese President visits ancestral village in UP". 24 August 2003.
  31. ↑ "Guyanan president sworn in after re-election". Xinhua. 2006-09-03. Retrieved 2012-10-23.
  32. ↑ Alvin Chua (2011), S. R. Nathan, Singapore Infopedia, National Library Board
  33. ↑ S R Nathan is elected President of Singapore: 18 August 1999, HistorySG, National Library Board, 2014, archived from the original on 2 May 2015
  34. ↑ "Meet T and T PM, Kamla". Nation News. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  35. ↑ "Trinidad's 'daughter PM' returns to village in Bihar for an emotional reunion". The Times of India . Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  36. ↑ "Ramotar sworn in as seventh Executive President". Stabroek News. 3 December 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
  37. ↑ "President Ramotar to receive Pravasi Bharatiya Samman award". Guyana Times. 7 January 2015. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  38. ↑ "I'm proud to be a Bihari, says Mauritius president". Zee News. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  39. ↑ "Première sortie du Président – Kailash Purryag sur la tombe de SSR" (in French). defimedia. Archived from the original on 27 July 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
  40. ↑ "Ameenah Gurib-Fakim : " Je suis une emmerdeuse, c'est ça ? "". L'Express (in French). 2014-05-31. Retrieved 2015-05-31.
  41. ↑ "Mauritius: Ameenah Gurib-Fakim resigns over credit card scandal". Al Jazeerah. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
  42. ↑ "'Proud of my roots in Goa': Portugal PM Antonio Costa's Q&A with HT". Hindustan Times. 6 January 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  43. ↑ Patricia Kowsmann and Matt Moffett (24 November 2015). "Socialist Leader António Costa Is Named as Portugal's Prime Minister". The Wall Street Journal . Archived from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  44. ↑ "Mauritius: Indo-Mauritians in the general elections". African Democracy Encyclopaedia Project. EISA. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  45. ↑ "Varad village in Maharashtra rejoices as Leo Varadkar is set to be Irish PM". The Indian Express. 3 June 2017. Archived from the original on 21 April 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
  46. ↑ "Leo Varadkar elected as Republic of Ireland's taoiseach". BBC News. 14 June 2017. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  47. ↑ Rajan, Uma (28 June 2016). "To Singapore with Love...". In Pillai, Gopinath & Kesavapany, Krishnasamy (eds.). 50 Years of Indian Community in Singapore. World Scientific Publishing Co. p. 107. ISBN   978-9-813-14058-5. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2017. Notable female politicians include Dhanam Avadai, PAP Member for Moulmein (1965–1968), lawyer Indranee Rajah, the current Senior Minister of State, Ministry of Law and Ministry of Education, and Indian-origin politician Halimah Yacob, former Minister and current Speaker of Parliament.
  48. ↑ Chia, Lianne (14 September 2017). "Halimah Yacob sworn in as Singapore's 8th President". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  49. ↑ Arora, Sumit. "Pritivirajsing Roopun elected as new President of Mauritius by parliament". Archived from the original on 2021-06-03. Retrieved 2019-12-04.
  50. ↑ "Pradeep Roopun, un président qui aime s'occuper de son jardin". L'Express (in French). 3 December 2019. Retrieved 2019-12-03.
  51. ↑ "Inauguratie nieuwe president van Suriname op Onafhankelijkheidsplein". Waterkant (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  52. ↑ Wagenaar, Leonoor (1 December 2006). "Crimefighter met lef". Parbode (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 4 January 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  53. ↑ "Irfaan Ali sworn in as President". Stabroek News. 2020-08-02. Retrieved 2020-08-04.
  54. ↑ "Up Close…with Wavel Ramkalawan, politician, priest and family person". Seychelles Nation via Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  55. ↑ "Seychelles election: Wavel Ramkalawan in landmark win". BBC News. 2020-10-25. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-27.
  56. ↑ "Rishi Sunak makes history as first Indian-heritage UK Prime Minister". euronews.com. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  57. ↑ "Rishi Sunak: A quick guide to the UK's new prime minister". BBC News. 2022-10-25. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  58. Taitt, Ria (7 January 2023). "FROM RED HOUSE TO PRESIDENT'S HOUSE". Trinidad Express Newspapers. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.