List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office

Last updated

This incomplete list is frequently updated to include new information.

The longest-serving current leader, Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei, has ruled since 1967. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah - 53857993945.jpg
The longest-serving current leader, Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei, has ruled since 1967.

This is a list of current state leaders ordered by their continuous tenure in a position of national leadership. For countries in which the head of state and head of government are separate, both offices are listed. For leaders who held the same office prior to their state's independence, the start of their tenure is used, not independence. For a list of heads of state taking dates of independence into account, see List of heads of state by diplomatic precedence.

Contents

Acting presidents are included in this list, but if a leader has non-consecutive terms, only the current period of service is listed.

States where head of state differs from head of government are mainly parliamentary systems. Often a leader holds both positions in presidential systems or dictatorships. Some states have semi-presidential systems where the head of government role is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state.

List of state leaders by date of assuming office

Prior to 2000

Assumed officeLeaderStateOffice
5 October 1967 [1] Hassanal Bolkiah Flag of Brunei.svg Brunei Sultan: 5 October 1967 –present
Prime Minister: 1 January 1984 –present
15 September 1973 Carl XVI Gustaf Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden King
30 June 1975 Paul Biya Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Prime Minister: 30 June 1975 –6 November 1982
President: 6 November 1982 –present
3 August 1979 Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo [2] Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council: 3 August 1979 –25 August 1979
Chairman of the Supreme Military Council: 25 August 1979 –12 October 1982
President: 12 October 1982 –present
13 October 1981 Ali Khamenei Flag of Iran.svg Iran President: 13 October 1981 –2 August 1989
Supreme Leader: 4 June 1989 –present
25 March 1983 Ntfombi Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini [3] Queen Regent: 25 March 1983 –25 April 1986
Queen Mother: 25 April 1986 –present
26 August 1984 Hans-Adam II Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein Prince-Regent: 26 August 1984 –13 November 1989
Prince: 13 November 1989 –present [4]
29 January 1986 Yoweri Museveni Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda President [5]
25 April 1986 Mswati III Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini [3] King
1 June 1990 Harald V Flag of Norway.svg Norway Prince-Regent: 1 June 1990 –17 January 1991
King: 17 January 1991 –present [6]
27 April 1991 [7] Isaias Afwerki Flag of Eritrea.svg Eritrea Secretary-General of the Provisional Government: 27 April 1991 –23 May 1993
President: 23 May 1993 –present
Chairman of the People's Front: 1 March 1994 –present
19 November 1992 Emomali Rahmon Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Acting Chairman of the Supreme Council: 19 November 1992 –27 November 1992
Chairman of the Supreme Council: 27 November 1992 –16 November 1994
President: 16 November 1994 –present
20 July 1994 Alexander Lukashenko Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus President: 20 July 1994 –present [8]
Chairman of the People's Assembly: 24 April 2024 –present
7 February 1996 Letsie III Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho King [9]
25 October 1997 Denis Sassou Nguesso Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Congo-Brazzaville President [10]
3 March 1998 Henri Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Lieutenant-Representative: 3 March 1998 –7 October 2000
Grand Duke: 7 October 2000 –present [11]
25 January 1999 Abdullah II Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Prince-Regent: 25 January 1999 –7 February 1999
King: 7 February 1999 –present
6 March 1999 Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain [12] Emir: 6 March 1999 –14 February 2002
King: 14 February 2002 –present
8 May 1999 Ismaïl Omar Guelleh [13] Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti President
23 July 1999 Mohammed VI Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco King
9 August 1999 Vladimir Putin Flag of Russia.svg Russia Acting Prime Minister: 9 August 1999 –16 August 1999
Prime Minister: 16 August 1999 –7 May 2000
Acting President: 31 December 1999 –7 May 2000
President: 7 May 2000 –7 May 2008
Prime Minister: 8 May 2008 –7 May 2012
President: 7 May 2012 –present

2000–2009

Assumed officeLeaderStateOffice
24 March 2000 Paul Kagame Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda Acting President: 24 March 2000 –22 April 2000
President: 22 April 2000 –present
29 March 2001 Ralph Gonsalves Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Prime Minister
14 March 2003 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey Prime Minister: 14 March 2003 –28 August 2014
President: 28 August 2014 –present
4 August 2003 Ilham Aliyev [14] Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Prime Minister: 4 August 2003 –4 November 2003 [15]
President: 31 October 2003 –present
12 December 2003 Shavkat Mirziyoyev Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Prime Minister: 12 December 2003 –14 December 2016
Acting President: 8 September 2016 –14 December 2016
President: 14 December 2016 –present
8 January 2004 Roosevelt Skerrit Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica Prime Minister
15 August 2004 Alois Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein Prince-Regent [4]
14 October 2004 Norodom Sihamoni Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia King
15 January 2005 Mahmoud Abbas Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine President [16]
31 March 2005 Albert II Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Prince-Regent: 31 March 2005 –6 April 2005
Prince: 6 April 2005 –present
4 May 2005 Faure Gnassingbé [17] Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo President: 4 May 2005 –3 May 2025 [18]
President of the Council of Ministers: 3 May 2025 –present
30 July 2005 [19] Salva Kiir Mayardit Flag of South Sudan.svg South Sudan [20] President of the Regional Government: 30 July 2005 –9 July 2011
President: 9 July 2011 –present
11 February 2006 Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum [21] Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates Prime Minister
9 December 2006 Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan King
10 January 2007 Daniel Ortega [22] Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua President: 10 January 2007 –18 February 2025 [23]
Co-President: 18 February 2025 –present
26 February 2009 Patrick Allen Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Governor-General [24]

2010–2014

Assumed officeLeaderStateOffice
29 May 2010 Viktor Orbán Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Prime Minister [25]
4 December 2010 Alassane Ouattara Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast President [26]
11 November 2011 Michael D. Higgins Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland President
17 December 2011 Kim Jong Un [27] Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Supreme Leader [28]
18 March 2012 Tupou VI Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga King [29]
15 November 2012 Xi Jinping Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China General Secretary of the Communist Party: 15 November 2012 –present
President: 14 March 2013 –present
5 March 2013 Nicolás Maduro Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela Acting President: 5 March 2013 –19 April 2013
President: 19 April 2013 –present [30]
1 April 2013 Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti Prime Minister
30 April 2013 Willem-Alexander Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands King
7 May 2013 Cécile La Grenade Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada Governor-General [24]
25 June 2013 Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Emir
21 July 2013 Philippe Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium King
15 September 2013 Edi Rama Flag of Albania.svg Albania Prime Minister
23 November 2013 Kokhir Rasulzoda Flag of Tajikistan.svg Tajikistan Prime Minister
25 January 2014 Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan [31] Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates de facto President: 25 January 2014 –13 May 2022 [32]
President: 14 May 2022 –present
27 April 2014 Aleksandar Vučić Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Prime Minister: 27 April 2014 –30 May 2017
President: 31 May 2017 –present
26 May 2014 Narendra Modi Flag of India.svg India Prime Minister
8 June 2014 Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt President
13 June 2014 Gaston Browne Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Prime Minister
19 June 2014 Felipe VI Flag of Spain.svg Spain King
14 August 2014 Rodney Williams Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda Governor-General [24]

2015–2017

Assumed officeLeaderStateOffice
23 January 2015 Salman Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia King: 23 January 2015 –present
Prime Minister: 23 January 2015 –27 September 2022
3 February 2015 Sergio Mattarella Flag of Italy.svg Italy President
6 February 2015 [33] Abdul-Malik al-Houthi Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen (Supreme
Political Council) 		Leader of Ansar Allah
20 November 2015 Kassim Majaliwa Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania Prime Minister
1 January 2016 Guy Parmelin Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Federal Councilor: 1 January 2016 –present
President: 1 January 2021 –31 December 2021 [34]
3 March 2016 Andrew Holness Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica Prime Minister [35]
9 March 2016 Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal President
11 March 2016 Taneti Maamau Flag of Kiribati.svg Kiribati President
30 March 2016 Faustin-Archange Touadéra Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic President [36]
6 April 2016 Patrice Talon Flag of Benin.svg Benin President
20 April 2016 Thongloun Sisoulith Flag of Laos.svg Laos Prime Minister: 20 April 2016 –22 March 2021
General Secretary of the People's Revolutionary Party:
15 January 2021 –present
President: 22 March 2021 –present
22 April 2016 Ulisses Correia e Silva Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde Prime Minister
26 May 2016 Azali Assoumani Flag of the Comoros.svg Comoros President [37]
12 July 2016 Brahim Ghali Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Sahrawi Republic General Secretary of the Polisario Front and President
13 October 2016 Vajiralongkorn Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand King [38]
19 October 2016 Andrej Plenković Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia Prime Minister
14 December 2016 Abdulla Aripov Flag of Uzbekistan.svg Uzbekistan Prime Minister
16 December 2016 Vadim Krasnoselsky Flag of Transnistria (state).svg Transnistria President
19 January 2017 Adama Barrow Flag of The Gambia.svg The Gambia President
22 January 2017 Rumen Radev Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria President
26 January 2017 Alexander Van der Bellen Flag of Austria.svg Austria President
28 February 2017 Bob Dadae Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Governor-General [24]
19 March 2017 Frank-Walter Steinmeier Flag of Germany.svg Germany President
14 May 2017 Emmanuel Macron Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra French Co-Prince [39]
Flag of France.svg France President
21 July 2017 Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa O le Ao o le Malo [40]
26 September 2017 João Lourenço Flag of Angola.svg Angola President
1 October 2017 [41] Ahmed al-Sharaa Flag of Syria (2025-).svg Syria Leader of the Syrian Salvation Government: 1 October 2017 –
8 December 2024
De facto Leader of Syria: 8 December 2024 –
29 January 2025
President: 29 January 2025 –present [42]
1 November 2017 Ignazio Cassis Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Federal Councilor: 1 November 2017 –present
President: 1 January 2022 –31 December 2022 [34]
24 November 2017 Emmerson Mnangagwa Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe President

2018–2019

Assumed officeLeaderStateOffice
8 January 2018 Sandra Mason Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados Governor-General: 8 January 2018 –30 November 2021 [43]
President: 30 November 2021 –present
14 February 2018 Cyril Ramaphosa Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa Acting President: 14 February 2018 –15 February 2018
President: 15 February 2018 –present
2 April 2018 Abiy Ahmed Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia Prime Minister
4 April 2018 Julius Maada Bio Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone President [44]
19 April 2018 Miguel Díaz-Canel Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba President: 19 April 2018 –present [45]
President of the Council of Ministers: 19 April 2018 –21 December 2019 [46]
First Secretary of the Communist Party: 19 April 2021 –present
25 April 2018 Mahdi al-Mashat Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen (Supreme Political
Council) 		Chairman of the Supreme Political Council
8 May 2018 Nikol Pashinyan Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia Prime Minister
25 May 2018 Mia Mottley Flag of Barbados.svg Barbados Prime Minister
2 June 2018 Pedro Sánchez Flag of Spain.svg Spain Prime Minister
6 June 2018 Christian Ntsay Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar Prime Minister
7 June 2018 Mostafa Madbouly Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt Acting Prime Minister: 7 June 2018 –14 June 2018
Prime Minister: 14 June 2018 –present [47]
20 November 2018 Željko Komšić Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency Member: 20 November 2018 –present [48]
Chairman of the Presidency: 20 July 2019 –20 March 2020;
20 July 2021 –20 March 2022;
16 July 2023 –16 March 2024;
16 July 2025 –present [49]
16 December 2018 Salome Zourabichvili Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia President: 16 December 2018 –29 December 2024
Flag of Georgia.svg  Georgia President: 29 December 2024 –present
1 January 2019 Karin Keller-Sutter Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Federal Councilor: 1 January 2019 –present
President: 1 January 2025 –present [34]
4 January 2019 Joseph Ngute Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon Prime Minister
24 January 2019 Félix Tshisekedi [50] Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Congo-Kinshasa President
20 March 2019 Kassym-Jomart Tokayev Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan President: 20 March 2019 –present
Chairman of the Security Council: 5 January 2022 –present [51]
12 April 2019 Abdel Fattah al-Burhan Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Chairman of the Transitional Military Council: 12 April 2019 –21 August 2019
Chairman of the Sovereignty Council: 21 August 2019 –25 October 2021
de facto Head of State: 25 October 2021 –11 November 2021
Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council: 11 November 2021 –present
1 May 2019 Naruhito Flag of Japan.svg Japan Emperor
16 May 2019 Xavier Espot Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Prime Minister
20 May 2019 Volodymyr Zelenskyy Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine President
22 May 2019 Ersin Tatar Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg Northern Cyprus Prime Minister: 22 May 2019 –23 October 2020
President: 23 October 2020 –present
30 May 2019 James Marape Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea Prime Minister
1 June 2019 Nayib Bukele Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador President
27 June 2019 Mette Frederiksen Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark Prime Minister
12 July 2019 Gitanas Nausėda Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania President
1 August 2019 Mohamed Ould Ghazouani Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania President
Susan Dougan Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Governor-General [24]
8 October 2019 Ali Asadov Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan Prime Minister
23 October 2019 Kais Saied Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia President
19 December 2019 Abdelmadjid Tebboune Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria President [52]
21 December 2019 Manuel Marrero Cruz Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba Prime Minister

2020–2021

Assumed officeLeaderStateOffice
8 January 2020 Luca Beccari Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs [53] [54]
11 January 2020 Haitham bin Tariq Flag of Oman.svg Oman Sultan and Prime Minister
13 January 2020 Robert Abela [55] Flag of Malta.svg Malta Prime Minister
Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Sahrawi Republic Prime Minister [56]
16 January 2020 Mikhail Mishustin Flag of Russia.svg Russia Prime Minister [57]
18 February 2020 Zoran Milanović Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia President [58]
27 February 2020 Umaro Sissoco Embaló Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau President [59]
18 June 2020 Évariste Ndayishimiye Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi President
28 June 2020 Lazarus Chakwera Flag of Malawi.svg Malawi President
2 August 2020 Irfaan Ali Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana President
Mark Phillips Prime Minister
14 August 2020 Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991-1995).svg  Belarus (opposition) President of the Coordination Council: 14 August 2020 –present
Head of the United Transitional Cabinet: 9 August 2022 –present
16 August 2020 Luis Abinader Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic President
26 October 2020 Wavel Ramkalawan Flag of Seychelles.svg Seychelles President
8 November 2020 Luis Arce Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg Bolivia President
11 November 2020 Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa [60] Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain Prime Minister
12 November 2020 Johnny Briceño Flag of Belize.svg Belize Prime Minister
24 December 2020 Maia Sandu Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova President [61]
21 January 2021 Surangel Whipps Jr. Flag of Palau.svg Palau President
28 January 2021 Sadyr Japarov Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan President [62]
2 February 2021 Min Aung Hlaing Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Chairman of the State Administration Council: 2 February 2021 –31 July 2025
Prime Minister: 1 August 2021 –31 July 2025
Acting President: 22 July 2024 –present [63]
Chairman of the State Security and Peace Commission: 31 July 2025 –present
9 March 2021 Mahn Winn Khaing Thann Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar (opposition) Acting President: 9 March 2021 –16 April 2021
Prime Minister: 16 April 2021 –present
15 March 2021 Mohamed al-Menfi Flag of Libya.svg Libya Chairman of the Presidential Council [64]
Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh Prime Minister [65]
19 March 2021 Samia Suluhu Hassan Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania President
22 March 2021 Albin Kurti Flag of Kosovo.svg Kosovo Prime Minister [66]
4 April 2021 Vjosa Osmani President [67]
5 April 2021 Phạm Minh Chính Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam Prime Minister
16 April 2021 Duwa Lashi La Flag of Myanmar.svg  Myanmar (opposition) Acting President
20 April 2021 Mahamat Déby [68] Flag of Chad.svg Chad President of the Transitional Military Council: 20 April 2021 –10 October 2022
Transitional President: 10 October 2022 –23 May 2024
President: 23 May 2024 –present
18 May 2021 Anatole Collinet Makosso Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Congo-Brazzaville Prime Minister
24 May 2021 Assimi Goïta Flag of Mali.svg Mali De facto President: 24 May 2021 –28 May 2021
Interim President: 28 May 2021 –8 July 2025
President: 8 July 2025 –present [69]
27 May 2021 Froyla Tzalam Flag of Belize.svg Belize Governor-General [24]
21 June 2021 Robinah Nabbanja Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda Prime Minister
25 June 2021 Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia President [70]
7 July 2021 Isaac Herzog [71] Flag of Israel.svg Israel President
26 July 2021 Mary Simon Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Governor General [24]
28 July 2021 Philip J. Pierre Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia Prime Minister
1 August 2021 Christian Schmidt Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina High Representative
15 August 2021 Hibatullah Akhundzada Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan Supreme Leader
24 August 2021 Hakainde Hichilema Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia President
5 September 2021 Mamady Doumbouya Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development:
5 September 2021 –present
Interim President: 1 October 2021 –present
7 September 2021 Hasan Akhund Flag of the Taliban.svg Afghanistan Acting Prime Minister: 7 September 2021 –23 August 2025
Prime Minister: 23 August 2025 –present
17 September 2021 Philip Davis Flag of the Bahamas.svg The Bahamas Prime Minister
29 September 2021 Tofiga Vaevalu Falani Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu Governor-General [24]
2 October 2021 Carlos Vila Nova Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe President
7 October 2021 Aziz Akhannouch Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco Prime Minister
11 October 2021 Alar Karis Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia President
14 October 2021 Jonas Gahr Støre Flag of Norway.svg Norway Prime Minister
21 October 2021 Cindy Kiro Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Governor-General [24]
9 November 2021 José Maria Neves Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde President [72]
11 November 2021 Errol Charles Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia Acting Governor-General: 11 November 2021 –1 November 2024
Governor-General: 1 November 2024 –present [24]
17 December 2021 Petr Fiala Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic Prime Minister

2022

Assumed officeLeaderStateOffice
27 January Xiomara Castro Flag of Honduras (2022-).svg Honduras President
9 February Félix Moloua Flag of the Central African Republic.svg Central African Republic Prime Minister
11 March Gabriel Boric Flag of Chile.svg Chile President
13 March Vahagn Khachaturyan Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia President
19 March Serdar Berdimuhamedow [73] Flag of Turkmenistan.svg Turkmenistan President
7 April Rashad al-Alimi Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Chairman of the Presidential Leadership Council [74]
8 May Rodrigo Chaves Robles Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica President
12 May Ünal Üstel Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg Northern Cyprus Prime Minister
20 May José Ramos-Horta Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste President [75]
23 May Anthony Albanese Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Prime Minister
24 May Alan Gagloyev Flag of South Ossetia.svg South Ossetia President
30 May Aleksander Rozenberg Flag of Transnistria (state).svg Transnistria Prime Minister
1 June Robert Golob Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia Prime Minister
9 June Hassan Sheikh Mohamud Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia President [76]
20 June Konstantin Dzhussoyev Flag of South Ossetia.svg South Ossetia Prime Minister
24 June Dickon Mitchell Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada Prime Minister
25 June Hamza Abdi Barre Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia Prime Minister
30 June Bongbong Marcos [77] Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines President
23 July Nikenike Vurobaravu Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu President
24 July Bajram Begaj Flag of Albania.svg Albania President
25 July Droupadi Murmu Flag of India.svg India President
6 August Terrance Drew Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis Prime Minister
7 August Gustavo Petro Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia President
8 September Charles III [24] Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Antigua and Barbuda King
Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia King
Flag of the Bahamas.svg The Bahamas King
Flag of Belize.svg Belize King
Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada King
Flag of Grenada.svg Grenada King
Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica King
Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand King
Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg Papua New Guinea King
Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis King
Flag of Saint Lucia.svg Saint Lucia King
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines King
Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands King
Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu King
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom King
13 September William Ruto Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya President
27 September Mohammed bin Salman [78] Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia Prime Minister
30 September Ibrahim Traoré Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration:
30 September 2022 –present
Interim President: 6 October 2022 –present
17 October Abdul Latif Rashid Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq President
18 October Ulf Kristersson Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Prime Minister
22 October Giorgia Meloni Flag of Italy.svg Italy Prime Minister
27 October Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq Prime Minister
Musalia Mudavadi Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya Prime Cabinet Secretary
28 October Sam Matekane Flag of Lesotho.svg Lesotho Prime Minister
16 November Denis Bećirović Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency Member: 16 November 2022 –present
Chairman of the Presidency: 16 March 2024 –16 November 2024 [49]
Željka Cvijanović Presidency Member: 16 November 2022 –present
Chairwoman of the Presidency: 16 November 2022 –16 July 2023;
16 November 2024 –16 July 2025 [49]
24 November Anwar Ibrahim Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia Prime Minister
7 December Dina Boluarte Flag of Peru.svg Peru President
22 December Nataša Pirc Musar Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia President
24 December Sitiveni Rabuka Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji Prime Minister [79]
29 December Benjamin Netanyahu Flag of Israel.svg Israel Prime Minister [80]
30 December Sonexay Siphandone [81] Flag of Laos.svg Laos Prime Minister

2023

Assumed officeLeaderStateOffice
1 January Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil President [82]
Élisabeth Baume-Schneider Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Federal Councilor [34]
Albert Rösti Federal Councilor [34]
25 January Borjana Krišto Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina Prime Minister
1 February Marcella Liburd Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg Saint Kitts and Nevis Governor-General [24]
16 February Dorin Recean Flag of Moldova.svg Moldova Prime Minister
28 February Nikos Christodoulides Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus President
7 March Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar Prime Minister
9 March Petr Pavel Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic President
11 March Li Qiang Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China Premier
13 March Ram Chandra Poudel Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal President
20 March Christine Kangaloo Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago President
24 April Mohammed Shahabuddin Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh President
11 May Wesley Simina Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg Micronesia President
16 May Osama Hammad Flag of Libya.svg  Libya (Government of
National Stability) 		Acting Prime Minister
20 May Jakov Milatović Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro President
29 May Bola Tinubu Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria President
20 June Petteri Orpo Flag of Finland.svg Finland Prime Minister
26 June Kyriakos Mitsotakis [83] Flag of Greece.svg Greece Prime Minister [84]
1 July Xanana Gusmão Flag of East Timor.svg Timor-Leste Prime Minister [85]
8 July Edgars Rinkēvičs Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia President
10 July David Moinina Sengeh Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone Chief Minister
26 July Abdourahamane Tchiani Flag of Niger.svg Niger President of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland:
26 July 2023 –present
Transitional President: 26 March 2025 –present
8 August Ali Lamine Zeine Acting Prime Minister
15 August Santiago Peña Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay President
22 August Hun Manet [86] Flag of Cambodia.svg Cambodia Prime Minister
30 August Brice Oligui Nguema [87] Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon Chairman of the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions:
30 August 2023 –2 May 2025
Transitional President: 4 September 2023 –3 May 2025
President: 3 May 2025 –present
1 September Cynthia A. Pratt Flag of the Bahamas.svg The Bahamas Governor-General [24] [88]
14 September Tharman Shanmugaratnam Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore President
15 September Evika Siliņa Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia Prime Minister
2 October Sylvanie Burton Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica President
17 October Robert Beugré Mambé Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast Prime Minister
25 October Robert Fico Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia Prime Minister [89]
30 October David Adeang [90] Flag of Nauru.svg Nauru President
31 October Milojko Spajić Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro Prime Minister
3 November Russell Dlamini Flag of Eswatini.svg Eswatini Prime Minister
17 November Luc Frieden Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Prime Minister
Mohamed Muizzu Flag of Maldives.svg Maldives President
23 November Daniel Noboa Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador President
27 November Christopher Luxon Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand Prime Minister
28 November Eduard Ibáñez Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Personal Representative of the Episcopal Co-Prince [39]
10 December Javier Milei Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina President
13 December Donald Tusk Flag of Poland.svg Poland Prime Minister [91]
16 December Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Emir
Andry Rajoelina Flag of Madagascar.svg Madagascar President [92]

2024

Assumed officeLeaderStateOffice
1 January Beat Jans Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Federal Councilor [34]
3 January Hilda Heine Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg Marshall Islands President [93]
14 January Frederik X Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark King
15 January Bernardo Arévalo [94] Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala President
22 January Joseph Boakai Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia President
28 January Tshering Tobgay Flag of Bhutan.svg Bhutan Prime Minister [95]
31 January Ibrahim Iskandar Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia King
6 February Oljas Bektenov Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan Prime Minister
8 February Irakli Kobakhidze Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia Prime Minister
26 February Feleti Teo [96] Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu Prime Minister
27 February Bah Oury Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea Prime Minister
1 March Alexander Stubb Flag of Finland.svg Finland President [97]
4 March Shehbaz Sharif [98] Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan Prime Minister [99]
5 March Tamás Sulyok Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary President
10 March Asif Ali Zardari [100] Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan President [101]
14 March Mohammad Mustafa Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine Prime Minister
2 April Luís Montenegro Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal Prime Minister
Bassirou Diomaye Faye Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal President
3 April Ousmane Sonko Prime Minister
4 April Myriam Spiteri Debono Flag of Malta.svg Malta President
2 May Jeremiah Manele Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Prime Minister
12 May Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia President
15 May Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah [102] Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait Prime Minister
Lawrence Wong Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore Prime Minister
20 May Lai Ching-te Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan President [103]
Cho Jung-tai Premier
22 May Tô Lâm Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam President: 22 May 2024 –21 October 2024
Acting General Secretary of the Communist Party: 19 July 2024 –3 August 2024
General Secretary of the Communist Party: 3 August 2024 –present
24 May Allamaye Halina Flag of Chad.svg Chad Prime Minister
12 June Judith Suminwa Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Congo-Kinshasa Prime Minister
15 June Peter Pellegrini Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia President [104]
23 June Hristijan Mickoski Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia Prime Minister
1 July Sam Mostyn Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia Governor-General [24]
José Raúl Mulino Flag of Panama.svg Panama President
2 July Dick Schoof Flag of the Netherlands.svg  Netherlands Prime Minister
5 July Keir Starmer Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom Prime Minister
7 July David Tiva Kapu Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg Solomon Islands Governor-General [24]
23 July Kristen Michal Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia Prime Minister
28 July Masoud Pezeshkian Flag of Iran.svg Iran President
1 August Halla Tómasdóttir Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland President
5 August Mokhtar Ould Djay Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania Prime Minister
8 August Muhammad Yunus Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh Chief Adviser
17 August Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea Prime Minister
15 September Jafar Hassan Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Prime Minister
23 September Anura Kumara Dissanayake Flag of Sri Lanka.svg Sri Lanka President
24 September Harini Amarasuriya Prime Minister
1 October Shigeru Ishiba Flag of Japan.svg Japan Prime Minister
Claudia Sheinbaum Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico President
7 October Taye Atske Selassie Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia President
8 October Guillaume Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg Lieutenant-Representative [11]
20 October Prabowo Subianto Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia President
21 October Lương Cường Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam President
1 November Duma Boko Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana President
10 November Alix Didier Fils-Aimé Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti Acting Prime Minister
12 November Naiqama Lalabalavu Flag of Fiji.svg Fiji President
13 November Navin Ramgoolam [105] Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius Prime Minister [106]
19 November Badra Gunba Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg Abkhazia Acting President: 19 November 2024 –2 April 2025
President: 2 April 2025 –present
20 November Patrice Faure Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Personal Representative of the French Co-Prince [39]
21 November Abdoulaye Maïga Flag of Mali.svg Mali Acting Prime Minister [107]
6 December Dharam Gokhool Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius President
7 December Jean Emmanuel Ouédraogo Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso Interim Prime Minister
12 December Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi Flag of Somaliland.svg Somaliland President
16 December Adylbek Kasymaliev Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg Kyrgyzstan Acting Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers: 16 December 2024 –18 December 2024
Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers: 18 December 2024 –present
21 December Kristrún Frostadóttir Flag of Iceland.svg Iceland Prime Minister
29 December Mikheil Kavelashvili Flag of Georgia.svg Georgia President [108]
Pak Thae-song Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea Premier

2025

Assumed officeLeaderStateOffice
7 January John Mahama Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana President [109]
9 January Joseph Aoun Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon President
14 January Américo Ramos Flag of Sao Tome and Principe.svg São Tomé and Príncipe Prime Minister
15 January Daniel Chapo Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique President
Maria Benvinda Levy Prime Minister
16 January Rosen Zhelyazkov Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Prime Minister
20 January Donald Trump Flag of the United States.svg United States President [110]
22 January ʻAisake Eke Flag of Tonga.svg Tonga Prime Minister
23 January Micheál Martin Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland Taoiseach [111]
3 February Bart De Wever Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium Prime Minister
8 February Nawaf Salam Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon Prime Minister
11 February Jotham Napat Flag of Vanuatu.svg Vanuatu Prime Minister
18 February Rosario Murillo [22] Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua Co-President
1 March Yamandú Orsi Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay President
Raffaella Petrini Flag of Vatican City (2023-present).svg Vatican City President of the Governorate
3 March Vladimir Delba Flag of the Republic of Abkhazia.svg Abkhazia Acting Prime Minister: 3 March 2025 –3 April 2025
Prime Minister: 3 April 2025 –present [112]
Christian Stocker Flag of Austria.svg Austria Chancellor
10 March Alexander Turchin Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Prime Minister
13 March Konstantinos Tasoulas Flag of Greece.svg Greece President
14 March Mark Carney Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada Prime Minister
18 MarchCommunity Support CommitteeFlag of Palestine.svg  Palestine (Hamas
government in Gaza) 		Government Administrative Committee
21 March Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia President
Elijah Ngurare Prime Minister
Sara Zaafarani Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia Prime Minister
1 April Denise Bronzetti Flag of San Marino.svg San Marino Captain Regent [113]
Italo Righi
Martin Pfister Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland Federal Councilor [34]
10 April Brigitte Haas Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein Prime Minister
15 April Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan (Government of
Peace and Unity) [114] 		Chairman of the Presidential Council
16 April Đuro Macut Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia Prime Minister
1 May Kamla Persad-Bissessar Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister [115]
3 May Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo President
Salem Saleh bin Braik Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen Prime Minister [116]
6 May Friedrich Merz Flag of Germany.svg Germany Chancellor
8 May Leo XIV Flag of Vatican City (2023-present).svg Vatican City Sovereign
13 May Izz al-Din al-Haddad Flag of Palestine.svg  Palestine (Hamas
government in Gaza) 		Acting Leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip
14 May Eduardo Arana Ysa Flag of Peru.svg Peru Prime Minister
19 May Kamil Idris Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan Prime Minister
26 May Nicușor Dan Flag of Romania.svg Romania President
31 May Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat Flag of Andorra.svg Andorra Episcopal Co-Prince [39]
4 June Lee Jae Myung Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea President
13 June Gombojavyn Zandanshatar Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Prime Minister
23 June Ilie Bolojan Flag of Romania.svg Romania Prime Minister [117]
3 July Kim Min-seok Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Prime Minister
16 July Jennifer Geerlings-Simons Flag of Suriname.svg Suriname President
17 July Yulia Svyrydenko Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine Prime Minister
21 July Christophe Mirmand Flag of Monaco.svg Monaco Minister of State
25 July Justin Nsengiyumva Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda Prime Minister
26 July Mohammed Hassan al-Ta'ishi Flag of Sudan.svg  Sudan (Government of
Peace and Unity) [114] 		Prime Minister
31 July Nyo Saw Flag of Myanmar.svg Myanmar Prime Minister
4 August Rimantas Šadžius Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Acting Prime Minister
5 August Nestor Ntahontuye Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi Prime Minister
6 August Karol Nawrocki Flag of Poland.svg Poland President
7 August Braima Camará Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau Prime Minister
Laurent Saint-Cyr Flag of Haiti.svg Haiti President of the Transitional Presidential Council
28 August Sifi Ghrieb Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Acting Prime Minister: 28 August 2025 –14 September 2025
Prime Minister: 14 September 2025 –present
30 August Muhammad Ahmed Miftah Flag of Yemen.svg  Yemen (Supreme
Political Council) 		Acting Prime Minister
7 September Anutin Charnvirakul [118] Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand Prime Minister
10 September Sébastien Lecornu Flag of France.svg France Prime Minister
12 September Sushila Karki Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal Interim Prime Minister
16 September Laʻauli Leuatea Schmidt Flag of Samoa.svg Samoa Prime Minister

List of upcoming leaders

Taking officeLeaderStateOffice
TBD Inga Ruginienė Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania Prime Minister

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Brunei was a British protected state until 1 January 1984.
  2. ↑ Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is the nephew of the previous president, Francisco Macías Nguema.
  3. 1 2 The country was called the Kingdom of Swaziland until 19 April 2018.
  4. 1 2 Hereditary Prince Alois has been the Prince-Regent for his father, Prince Hans-Adam II since 15 August 2004.
  5. ↑ Yoweri Museveni was the de facto head of state of Uganda as Commander of the National Resistance Army from 26 January 1986 –29 January 1986.
  6. ↑ Haakon was Prince-Regent of Norway from 25 November 2003 –13 April 2004 and 29 March 2005 –7 June 2005.
  7. ↑ The country gained independence from Ethiopia on 23 May 1993.
  8. ↑ Alexander Lukashenko's presidency has been disputed since 23 September 2020.
  9. ↑ Letsie III was previously King of Lesotho from 12 November 1990 –25 January 1995.
  10. ↑ Denis Sassou Nguesso was previously President of the People's Republic of the Congo / Republic of the Congo from 8 February 1979 –31 August 1992. Sassou Nguesso was the de facto head of state of the Republic of the Congo as a militia leader from 15 October 1997 –25 October 1997.
  11. 1 2 Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume has been Lieutenant-Representative for his father, Grand Duke Henri since 8 October 2024.
  12. ↑ The country was called the State of Bahrain before 14 February 2002.
  13. ↑ President Guelleh is the nephew of the previous president, Hassan Gouled Aptidon.
  14. ↑ Ilham Aliyev is the son of the previous president, Heydar Aliyev.
  15. ↑ Artur Rasizade was Acting Prime Minister of Azerbaijan from 6 August 2003 –4 November 2003.
  16. ↑ Mahmoud Abbas was Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority from 19 March 2003 –6 September 2003.
  17. ↑ Faure Gnassingbé is the son of the previous president, Gnassingbé Eyadéma.
  18. ↑ Faure Gnassingbé was previously President of the Togolese Republic from 5 February 2005 –25 February 2005.
  19. ↑ The country gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011.
  20. ↑ It was the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region until 9 July 2011.
  21. ↑ Sheikh Mohammed is the brother of the previous Prime Minister Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, and son of the Prime Minister before that, Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum.
  22. 1 2 Co-Presidents Daniel Ortega and Rosario Murillo are married.
  23. ↑ Daniel Ortega was a member (and during 4 March 1981 –10 January 1985 the Coordinator) of the Junta of National Reconstruction of Nicaragua 18 July 1979 –10 January 1985; he was President of Nicaragua from 10 January 1985 –25 April 1990.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 The Governors-General of each Commonwealth realm outside of the United Kingdom represent Charles III.
  25. ↑ Viktor Orbán was Prime Minister of Hungary from 6 July 1998 –27 May 2002.
  26. ↑ Alassane Ouattara was Prime Minister of Ivory Coast from 7 November 1990 –9 December 1993.
  27. ↑ Kim Jong-un is the son and grandson of the two previous supreme leaders, Kim Jong Il and Kim Il Sung.
  28. ↑ The late Kim Il Sung has been designated "Eternal President of North Korea" and the post of President has not been filled since his death on 8 July 1994, making Kim Il-sung in his de jure capacity the only deceased person considered a current head of state in the world.
    The term Supreme Leader is used as a description, for the sake of brevity, rather than being an official title of a single office. The actual offices held by Kim Jong-un are: General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea, Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party of Korea, President of the State Affairs Commission of the DPRK, and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the DPRK. The office of President of the State Affairs Commission was formalized as head of state by a constitutional amendment proclaimed on 11 April 2019.
  29. ↑ Tupou VI (then known as Prince ʻUlukālala Lavaka Ata) was Prime Minister of Tonga from 3 January 2000 –11 February 2006.
  30. ↑ The office of President of Venezuela has been in dispute between Nicolás Maduro and Edmundo González of the Unitary Platform, since 10 January 2025.
  31. ↑ Mohamed bin Zayed is the brother of the previous President, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
  32. ↑ Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed was regent for his brother, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan from 25 January 2014 –13 May 2022.
  33. ↑ Leader of Ansar Allah as an insurgency since 2004, until the successful takeover in 2015
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The Swiss Federal Council is a collective seven-member body that serves as head of state and government. The President of Switzerland serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
  35. ↑ Andrew Holness was Prime Minister of Jamaica from 23 October 2011 –5 January 2012.
  36. ↑ Faustin Touadéra was Prime Minister of the Central African Republic from 22 January 2008 –17 January 2013.
  37. ↑ Azali Assoumani was Chief of Staff of the National Development Army (de facto leader of the Comoros) from 30 April 1999 –6 May 1999, Head of State of the Comoros from 6 May 1999 –21 January 2002, then the elected President from 6 May 2002 –26 May 2006.
  38. ↑ Prem Tinsulanonda was Regent of Thailand from 13 October 2016 –1 December 2016.
  39. 1 2 3 4 The Representatives of Andorra each represent their respective Co-Prince. Eduard Ibáñez represents Josep-Lluís Serrano Pentinat; while Patrice Faure represents Emmanuel Macron.
  40. ↑ Afioga Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II was Acting O le Ao o le Malo from 11 May 2007 –20 June 2007.
  41. ↑ Commander-in-Chief of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham from 2017 until the successful major offensive in 2024, then De facto Leader of Syria until 29 January 2025.
  42. ↑ Leader of the Syrian Transitional Government under the 2025 interim constitutional declaration.
  43. ↑ When Barbados had a monarch as head of state, the Governor-General of Barbados represented Elizabeth II, who was Queen of the country. Sandra Mason was Acting Governor-General of Barbados from 30 May 2012 –1 June 2012.
  44. ↑ Julius Maada Bio was Head of State of Sierra Leone (as leader of the Supreme Council of State) from 16 January 1996 –29 March 1996.
  45. ↑ The office of Head of State of Cuba was styled as President of the Council of State from 2 December 1976 –10 October 2019, then as President of the Republic 10 October 2019 –present.
  46. ↑ The office of Head of Government of Cuba was styled as President of the Council of Ministers from 2 December 1976 –21 December 2019, then as Prime Minister from 21 December 2019 –present.
  47. ↑ Mostafa Madbouly was Acting Prime Minister of Egypt from 23 November 2017 –27 January 2018.
  48. ↑ Željko Komšić was a Member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 6 November 2006 –17 November 2014, and served as the Chairman of the Presidency from 6 July 2007 –6 March 2008, 6 July 2009 –6 March 2010, 10 July 2011 –10 March 2012, and 10 July 2013 –10 March 2014.
  49. 1 2 3 In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Presidency is a Tripartite council, with the Chairman of the Presidency rotating every eight months.
  50. ↑ Félix Tshisekedi is the son of former Prime Minister Étienne Tshisekedi.
  51. ↑ Kassym-Jomart Tokayev was Acting Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 1 October 1999 –12 October 1999, then Prime Minister of Kazakhstan from 12 October 1999 –28 January 2002.
  52. ↑ Abdelmadjid Tebboune was Prime Minister of Algeria from 25 May 2017 –15 August 2017.
  53. ↑ The Secretary for Foreign Affairs is the de facto head of government of San Marino.
  54. ↑ Luca Beccari was a Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 April 2014 –1 October 2014.
  55. ↑ Robert Abela is the son of former president George Abela.
  56. ↑ Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun was Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Republic from 19 September 1993 –8 September 1995 and 10 February 1999 –29 October 2003.
  57. ↑ Andrey Belousov was acting as Prime Minister for Mikhail Mishustin from 30 April 2020 –19 May 2020.
  58. ↑ Zoran Milanović was Prime Minister of Croatia from 23 December 2011 –22 January 2016.
  59. ↑ Umaro Sissoco Embaló was Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau from 18 November 2016 –30 January 2018.
  60. ↑ Prime Minister Salman is the son of the current King, Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa.
  61. ↑ Maia Sandu was Prime Minister of Moldova from 8 June 2019 –14 November 2019.
  62. ↑ Sadyr Japarov was Acting Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 6 October 2020 –10 October 2020, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan from 10 October 2020 –21 January 2021, and Acting President of Kyrgyzstan from 15 October 2020 –14 November 2020. Japarov took a leave of absence from the office of Prime Minister from 14 November 2020 –11 January 2021 to compete in the 2021 Kyrgyz presidential election, and Artem Novikov acted for Japarov.
  63. ↑ Min Aung Hlaing is Acting President of Myanmar due to his chairmanship of the National Defence and Security Council.
  64. ↑ As part of a ceasefire agreement, the office of Head of State of Libya consists of a Tripartite presidential council.
  65. ↑ The office of Prime Minister of Libya has been in dispute between Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh and Fathi Bashagha/Osama Hamada, the interim prime minister of the Government of National Stability supported by the Tobruk-based House of Representatives, since 3 March 2022.
  66. ↑ Albin Kurti was Prime Minister of Kosovo from 3 February 2020 –3 June 2020.
  67. ↑ Vjosa Osmani was Acting President of Kosovo from 5 November 2020 –22 March 2021.
  68. ↑ Mahamat Déby is the son of the previous President, Idriss Déby.
  69. ↑ Assimi Goïta was Head of State of Mali (as Chairman of the National Committee for the Salvation of the People of Mali) from 19 August 2020 –27 August 2020 and Acting Head of State of Mali from 27 August 2020 –25 September 2020.
  70. ↑ Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh was Prime Minister of Mongolia from 4 October 2017 –27 January 2021.
  71. ↑ Isaac Herzog is the son of former president Chaim Herzog.
  72. ↑ José Maria Neves was Prime Minister of Cape Verde from 1 February 2001 –22 April 2016.
  73. ↑ Serdar Berdimuhamedow is the son of the previous President, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow.
  74. ↑ The office of Head of State of Yemen has been in dispute between Rashad Al-Alimi and the Leader of the Supreme Political Council, Mahdi al-Mashat, since 7 April 2022.
  75. ↑ José Ramos-Horta was Acting Prime Minister of Timor-Leste from 26 June 2006 –10 July 2006, Prime Minister of Timor-Leste from 10 July 2006 –19 May 2007 and President of Timor-Leste from 20 May 2007 –11 February 2008 and 17 April 2008 –20 May 2012.
  76. ↑ Hassan Sheikh Mohamud was President of Somalia from 16 September 2012 –16 February 2017.
  77. ↑ Bongbong Marcos is the son of former President and Prime Minister Ferdinand Marcos.
  78. ↑ Mohammed bin Salman is the son of the current King, Salman.
  79. ↑ Sitiveni Rabuka was Acting Head of State of Fiji (as President of the Interim Military Government) from 14 May 1987 –5 December 1987, then Prime Minister of Fiji from 2 June 1992 –19 May 1999.
  80. ↑ Benjamin Netanyahu was Prime Minister of Israel from 18 June 1996 –6 July 1999 and 31 March 2009 –13 June 2021.
  81. ↑ Sonexay Siphandone is the son of Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Party, President, and Prime Minister Khamtai Siphandone.
  82. ↑ Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was President of Brazil from 1 January 2003 –31 December 2010.
  83. ↑ Kyriakos Mitsotakis is the son of former Prime Minister Konstantinos Mitsotakis.
  84. ↑ Kyriakos Mitsotakis was Prime Minister of Greece from 8 July 2019 –25 May 2023.
  85. ↑ Xanana Gusmão was President of Timor-Leste from 20 May 2002 –20 May 2007 and Prime Minister of Timor-Leste from 8 August 2007 –16 February 2015.
  86. ↑ Hun Manet is the son of the previous prime minister, Hun Sen.
  87. ↑ Brice Oligui Nguema is the cousin of the previous President, Ali Bongo Ondimba.
  88. ↑ Cynthia A. Pratt was Acting Prime Minister of the Bahamas from 4 May 2005 –22 June 2005.
  89. ↑ Robert Fico was Prime Minister of Slovakia from 4 July 2006 –8 July 2010 and 4 April 2012 –22 March 2018.
  90. ↑ David Adeang is the son of former president Kennan Adeang.
  91. ↑ Donald Tusk was Prime Minister of Poland from 16 November 2007 –22 September 2014.
  92. ↑ Andry Rajoelina was Head of State of Madagascar (as President of the High Transitional Authority) from 17 March 2009 –25 January 2014, then the elected President from 19 January 2019 –9 September 2023.
  93. ↑ Hilda Heine was President of the Marshall Islands from 28 January 2016 –13 January 2020.
  94. ↑ Bernardo Arévalo is the son of former president Juan José Arévalo.
  95. ↑ Tshering Tobgay was Prime Minister of Bhutan from 27 July 2013 –9 August 2018.
  96. ↑ Feleti Teo is the son of former Governor-General Fiatau Penitala Teo.
  97. ↑ Alexander Stubb was Prime Minister of Finland from 24 June 2014 –29 May 2015.
  98. ↑ Shehbaz Sharif is the brother of former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.
  99. ↑ Shehbaz Sharif was Prime Minister of Pakistan from 11 April 2022 –13 August 2023.
  100. ↑ Asif Ali Zardari is the widower of former Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto.
  101. ↑ Asif Ali Zardari was President of Pakistan from 9 September 2008 –9 September 2013.
  102. ↑ Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah is the fifth son of Sheikh Abdullah Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah, and the grandson of Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, the tenth Emir of Kuwait.
  103. ↑ Lai Ching-te was Premier of Taiwan from 8 September 2017 –14 January 2019.
  104. ↑ Peter Pellegrini was Prime Minister of Slovakia from 22 March 2018 –21 March 2020.
  105. ↑ Navin Ramgoolam is the son of Prime Minister and Governor-General, Seewoosagur Ramgoolam.
  106. ↑ Navin Ramgoolam was Prime Minister of Mauritius from 27 December 1995 –11 September 2000 and 5 July 2005 –17 December 2014.
  107. ↑ Abdoulaye Maïga was Acting Prime Minister of Mali from 21 August 2022 –5 December 2022.
  108. ↑ The office of Head of State of Georgia has been disputed between Mikheil Kavelashvili and Salome Zourabichvili, since 29 December 2024.
  109. ↑ John Mahama was President of Ghana from 24 July 2012 –7 January 2017.
  110. ↑ Donald Trump was President of the United States from 20 January 2017 –20 January 2021.
  111. ↑ Micheál Martin was Taoiseach from 27 June 2020 –17 December 2022.
  112. ↑ Vladimir Delba was Acting Prime Minister of Abkhazia from 2 June 2014 –29 September 2014.
  113. ↑ Denise Bronzetti was a Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 October 2012 –1 April 2013. Italo Righi was a Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 April 2012 –1 October 2012.
  114. 1 2 See also Sudan Founding Alliance.
  115. ↑ Kamla Persad-Bissessar was Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 26 May 2010 –9 September 2015.
  116. ↑ The office of Prime Minister of Yemen has been in dispute since 30 August 2025 with Muhammad Ahmed Miftah, prime minister of the Supreme Political Council government.
  117. ↑ Ilie Bolojan was Acting President of Romania from 12 February 2025 –26 May 2025.
  118. ↑ Anutin Charnvirakul is the son of Acting Prime Minister, Chavarat Charnvirakul.
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