List of heads of government of Libya

Last updated

Prime Minister of Libya
رئيس الوزراء ليبيا
Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh (15-04-2021).jpg
Incumbent
Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh (GNU)
Osama Hammad (GNS, HoR)
since 15 March 2021 (Dbeibeh)
Acting since 16 May 2023 (Hammad, during suspension of Fathi Bashagha)
Government of National Unity
Style Mr. Prime Minister
His Excellency
Status Head of government
Member of Cabinet of Libya
Reports to Chairman of the Presidential Council
Seat Tripoli, Libya
Formation29 March 1951;73 years ago (1951-03-29)
First holder Mahmud al-Muntasir
DeputyDeputy Prime Minister

This article lists the heads of government of Libya since the country's independence in 1951.

Contents

Libya has been in a tumultuous state since the start of the Arab Spring-related Libyan crisis in 2011; the crisis resulted in the collapse of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and the killing of Muammar Gaddafi, amidst the First Civil War and the foreign military intervention. [1] [2] [3] The crisis was deepened by the factional violence in the aftermath of the First Civil War, resulting in the outbreak of the Second Civil War in 2014. [4] The control over the country is currently split between the Government of National Stability (GNS)—supported by the House of Representatives (HoR)—in Tobruk and the Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tripoli and their respective supporters, as well as various jihadist groups and tribal elements controlling parts of the country. [5] [6]

Heads of government of Libya (1951–present)

Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969)

No.NamePortraitLifespanTerm of officePolitical affiliation
Took officeLeft officeTime in office
1 Mahmud al-Muntasir Mahmud al-Muntasir2.jpg 1903–197029 March 195119 February 19542 years, 327 days Independent
Prime Minister. First tenure in the office. Served in acting capacity until 24 December 1951.
2 Muhammad Sakizli Mohammed Sakizli.jpg 1892–197619 February 195412 April 195452 days Independent
Prime Minister.
3 Mustafa Ben Halim Mustafa Ben Halim (cropped).jpg 1921–202112 April 195426 May 19573 years, 44 days Independent
Prime Minister.
4 Abdul Majid Kabar Abdul Majid Kubar.JPG 1909–198826 May 195717 October 19603 years, 144 days Independent
Prime Minister.
5 Muhammad Osman Said Muhammad Osman Said2.jpg 1924–200717 October 196019 March 19632 years, 153 days Independent
Prime Minister.
6 Mohieddin Fikini Mohieddin Fekini.jpg 1925–199419 March 196320 January 1964307 days Independent
Prime Minister.
(1) Mahmud al-Muntasir Mahmud al-Muntasir2.jpg 1903–197020 January 196420 March 19651 year, 59 days Independent
Prime Minister. Second tenure in the office.
7 Hussein Maziq Hussein Maziq.jpg 1918–200620 March 19652 July 19672 years, 104 days Independent
Prime Minister.
8 Abdul Qadir al-Badri Abdul Qadir al-Badri.jpg 1921–20032 July 196725 October 1967115 days Independent
Prime Minister.
9 Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush.JPG 1933–200725 October 19674 September 1968315 days Independent
Prime Minister.
10 Wanis al-Qaddafi Wanis al-Qaddafi2.jpg 1922–19864 September 196831 August 1969361 days Independent
Prime Minister. Deposed in the 1969 revolution.

Libya under Gaddafi (1969–2011)

Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977)

11 Mahmud Suleiman Maghribi No image.svg 1935–20098 September 196916 January 1970130 days Independent
Prime Minister.
12 Muammar Gaddafi Moamer el Gadafi (cropped).jpg 1942–2011 16 January 197016 July 19722 years, 182 days Military /
Arab Socialist Union
Prime Minister. Simultaneously served as the Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC).
13 Abdessalam Jalloud Abdessalam Jalloud.jpg born 194416 July 19722 March 19774 years, 229 days Military /
Arab Socialist Union
Prime Minister.

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)

14 Abdul Ati al-Obeidi Abdul Ati al-Obeidi (cropped).jpg 1939–20232 March 19772 March 19792 years Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the General People's Committee (GPCO). Afterwards served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 1979 to 1981.
15 Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi No image.svg 1939–20242 March 197916 February 19844 years, 351 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. First tenure in the office.
16 Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab No image.svg born 194016 February 19843 March 19862 years, 15 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Previously served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 1981 to 1984. Afterwards served as Governor of the Central Bank of Libya, from 1987 to 1990 and in 2011.
(15) Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi No image.svg 1939–20243 March 19861 March 1987363 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Second tenure in the office. Served at the time of the 1986 United States bombing (Operation El Dorado Canyon).
17 Umar Mustafa Al Muntasir No image.svg 1939–20011 March 1987 [7] 7 October 19903 years, 220 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
18 Abuzed Omar Dorda No image.svg 1944–20227 October 199029 January 19943 years, 114 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Afterwards served as head of the Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya (national intelligence service), from 2009 to 2011. [8] [9]
19 Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud No image.svg 1943–202129 January 199429 December 19973 years, 334 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
20 Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush No image.svg 1937–201629 December 19971 March 20002 years, 63 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
21 Imbarek Shamekh No image.svg born 19521 March 200014 June 20033 years, 105 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Afterwards served as Secretary-General of the General People's Congress (head of state), from 2009 to 2010.
22 Shukri Ghanem Shukri Ghanem 2010.jpg 1942–201214 June 20035 March 2006 [10] 2 years, 264 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO.
23 Baghdadi Mahmudi 2008-07-31 Bagdadi Makhmudi.jpg born 19455 March 200623 August 20115 years, 171 days Independent
(Islamic socialist)
Secretary-General of the GPCO. Served at the time of the First Civil War and the concurrent foreign military intervention. Deposed during the Battle of Tripoli.

Transitional period (2011–present)

24 Mahmoud Jibril Mahmoud Jibril 2011 (cropped).jpg 1952–20205 March 201123 October 2011232 days Independent
Prime Minister; served as Head of the Executive Team of the National Transitional Council (NTC) until 23 March 2011. In rebellion to 23 August 2011, based in Benghazi during this period.
— Ali Tarhouni Ali Tarhouni cropped GNC.jpg born 195123 October 201124 November 201132 days Independent
Deputy Prime Minister, assumed office as caretaker.
— Abdurrahim El-Keib El-Keib (cropped).jpg 1950–202024 November 201114 November 2012356 days Independent
Acting Prime Minister.
25 Ali Zeidan Ali Zeidan at US State Department 2013.png born 195014 November 201211 March 20141 year, 117 days National Party for Development and Welfare
Prime Minister. Briefly kidnapped by armed militants during the 2013 coup attempt. Survived the February 2014 coup attempt.
Following the 2014 parliamentary election, the government was split between the newly-elected House of Representatives (HoR) and the outgoing General National Congress (GNC), resulting in the Second Civil War. The 2014 elections were declared invalid by the Supreme Court in November 2014. [11]
26 Abdullah al-Theni Abdullah al-Thani.jpg born 195411 March 20145 April 20162 years, 25 days Independent
Prime Minister. In rebellion, based in Tobruk from August 2014, then in Bayda. Internationally recognized until 12 March 2016. Served in acting capacity until 8 April 2014. Survived the May 2014 coup attempt.
— Ahmed Maiteeq Ahmed Maiteeq.jpg born 197225 May 20149 June 201415 days Independent
Prime Minister. Appointment declared invalid by the Supreme Court.
— Omar al-Hassi No image.svg born 19496 September 201431 March 2015206 days Independent
Prime Minister of the National Salvation Government (NSG). In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
— Khalifa al-Ghawil No image.svg born 196431 March 20155 April 20161 year, 5 days Independent
Prime Minister of the NSG. Served in acting capacity until 1 December 2015. In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
Following the inauguration of the Presidential Council and the Government of National Accord (GNA), the government remain split between the HoR and the NSG, recreated after the 2016 coup attempt. However, the High Council of State (HCS), based in Tripoli, recognized the GNA.
27 Fayez al-Sarraj Fayez al-Sarraj in Washington - 2017 (38751877521) (cropped).jpg born 19605 April 201615 March 20214 years, 306 days Independent
Prime Minister of the GNA, simultaneously served as the Chairman of the Presidential Council. Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.
— Khalifa al-Ghawil No image.svg born 196414 October 201616 March 2017153 days Independent
Prime Minister of the recreated NSG. In rebellion, based in Tripoli.
— Abdullah al-Theni Abdullah al-Thani.jpg born 19545 April 201615 March 20214 years, 344 days Independent
Prime Minister of the HoR. Based in opposition in Tobruk.
28 Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh (15-04-2021).jpg born 195815 March 2021Incumbent3 years, 350 days Independent
Prime Minister of the Government of National Unity (GNU). Internationally recognized, based in Tripoli.
— Fathi Bashagha Fathi Bashagha 2021.png born 19623 March 202216 May 20231 year, 74 days Independent
Prime Minister of the Government of National Stability (GNS), supported by the HoR. Based in opposition in Sirte. [12] [13] [14] Suspended by the HoR on 16 May 2023. [15]
— Osama Hammad No image.svg born 197916 May 2023Incumbent1 year, 288 days Independent
Acting Prime Minister of the GNS, supported by the HoR. Designated Acting Prime Minister by the HoR after the suspension of Fathi Bashagha. [15]

Timeline

Osama HammadFathi BashaghaAbdul Hamid DbeibehFayez al-SarrajKhalifa al-GhawilOmar al-HassiAhmed MaiteeqAbdullah al-ThaniAli ZeidanAbdurrahim El-KeibAli TarhouniMahmoud JibrilBaghdadi MahmudiShukri GhanemImbarek ShamekhMuhammad Ahmad al-MangoushAbdul Majid al-Qa′udAbuzed Omar DordaUmar Mustafa Al MuntasirMuhammad az-Zaruq RajabJadallah Azzuz at-TalhiAbdul Ati al-ObeidiAbdessalam JalloudMuammar GaddafiMahmud Suleiman MaghribiWanis al-QaddafiAbdul Hamid al-BakkoushAbdul Qadir al-BadriHussein MaziqMohieddin FikiniMuhammad Osman SaidAbdul Majid KabarMustafa Ben HalimMuhammad SakizliMahmud al-MuntasirList of heads of government of Libya

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Libya mired in chaos 10 years after Arab Spring". Agence France-Presse. France 24. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. ↑ "10 years since Kadhafi death, stability still eludes Libya". Agence France-Presse. France 24. 19 October 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  3. ↑ "Feature: Libyans struggling in poverty, chaos 10 years after NATO intervention". Xinhua News Agency . 7 May 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
  4. ↑ "Libya's Second Civil War: How did it come to this?". Conflict News. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
    National Post View (24 February 2015). "National Post View: Stabilizing Libya may be the best way to keep Europe safe". National Post. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  5. ↑ Pelham, Nicolas (February 2015). "Libya Against Itself". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  6. ↑ Fadel, L. "Libya's Crisis: A Shattered Airport, Two Parliaments, Many Factions". Archived 2015-04-26 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ↑ "The World". LA Times . 3 March 1987. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  8. ↑ "Libyan ex-PM named new spy chief". IOL. Agence France-Presse. 12 April 2009. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  9. ↑ William Maclean (11 September 2011). "Exclusive: At bay, captured Libyan spy chief defiant". Reuters. Retrieved 1 January 2021.[ dead link ]
  10. ↑ "Libya's reforming premier sacked". BBC News. 6 March 2006. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  11. ↑ "Libya court 'invalidates' parliament". BBC News. 6 November 2014. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
  12. ↑ "Libyan parliament swears in new PM as crisis deepens". Al Jazeera. 3 March 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  13. ↑ Assad, Abdulkader (3 March 2022). "Bashagha's government sworn in at HoR in Tobruk". Libya Observer . Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  14. ↑ Zaptia, Sami (8 June 2022). "Bashagha government is to resume its work from the city of Sirte". Libya Herald . Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  15. 1 2 "Libya parliament suspends rival eastern-based PM Bashagha". Al Jazeera . 16 May 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
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