List of heads of state and government who died in office

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of heads of state and government who died in office. In general, hereditary office holders (kings, queens, emperors, emirs, and the like) and holders of offices where the normal term limit is life (popes, presidents for life, etc.) are excluded because, until recently, their death in office was the norm.

Such deaths have most often been from natural causes, but there are also cases of assassination, execution, suicide, accident and even death in battle.

The list is in chronological order. The name is listed first, followed by the year of death, the country, the name of the office the person held at the time of death, the location of the death (where known) and the cause of death.

Prior to 1850

Name	Year	Country	Title	Place of death		Cause of death
Spencer Compton	1743	Great Britain	Prime Minister	Westminster	Kingdom of Great Britain	Illness [1]
Henry Pelham	1754					Illness – skin infection [2]
Charles Watson-Wentworth	1782			Wimbledon		Illness – influenza [3]
William Pitt the Younger	1806	United Kingdom		Putney	United Kingdom	Illness – peptic ulceration [4]
Mateo de Toro Zambrano	1811	Chile	President of the Government Junta	Santiago	Chile
Spencer Perceval	1812	United Kingdom	Prime Minister	Westminster	United Kingdom	Assassination – shooting [5]
George Canning	1827			Chiswick		Illness – pneumonia [6]
Pedro Blanco Soto	1829	Bolivia	Provisional President	La Plata	Bolivia	Assassination [7]
Ioannis Kapodistrias	1831	Greece	Governor	Nafplion	Greece	Assassination – shooting and stabbing [8]
Manuel González Salmón	1832	Spain	Prime Minister	Madrid	Spain	Illness [9]
Casimir Pierre Périer		France	Prime Minister	Paris	France	Illness – cholera [10]
Miguel Barragán	1836	Mexico	President	Mexico City	Mexico	Illness – typhus [11]
José Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia	1840	Paraguay	Supreme Dictator	Asunción	Paraguay	Illness [12]
William Henry Harrison	1841	United States	President	Washington, D.C.	United States	Illness – pneumonia or enteric fever [13]
Agustín Gamarra		Peru	President	Ingavi	Peru	Killed in action [14]
Philippe Guerrier	1845	Haiti	President	Saint-Marc	Haiti	Illness [15]
Mathabarsingh Thapa		Nepal	Prime Minister	Kathmandu	Kingdom of Nepal	Assassination – shooting
Fateh Jung Shah	1846					Assassination [16]
Jean-Baptiste Riché	1847	Haiti	President	Port-au-Prince	Haiti	Illness or poisoning [17]

1850–1899

Name	Year	Country	Title	Place of death		Cause of death
Zachary Taylor	1850	United States	President	Washington, D.C.	United States	Illness – cholera or gastroenteritis [18]
Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg	1852	Austria	Minister-President	Vienna	Austrian Empire	Stroke [19]
Avram Petronijević	1852	Serbia	Representative of the Prince	Constantinople [20]	Ottoman Empire
Josef Munzinger	1855	Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Bern	Switzerland
Henri Druey						Stroke [21]
Stefano Franscini	1857			Bern [22]
Mustafa Reşid Pasha	1858	Ottoman Empire	Grand Vizier	Constantinople	Ottoman Empire	Myocardial infarction [23]
Carl Edvard Rotwitt	1860	Denmark	Prime Minister	Copenhagen	Denmark
Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour	1861	Italy	Prime Minister	Turin	Kingdom of Italy	Illness – malaria [24]
Jonas Furrer		Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Bad Ragaz	Switzerland	Illness – kidney disease [25]
José Santos Guardiola	1862	Honduras	President	Comayagua	Honduras	Assassination – shooting [26]
Barbu Catargiu		Romanian United Principalities	Prime Minister	Bucharest	Romanian United Principalities	Assassination – shooting [27]
Carlos Antonio López		Paraguay	President	Asunción	Paraguay	Illness – gout and other diseases
José Antonio Salcedo	1864	Dominican Republic	President	Maimón	Dominican Republic	Assassination – shooting [28]
Rafael Carrera	1865	Guatemala	President	Guatemala City	Guatemala	Illness – dysentery [29]
Abraham Lincoln		United States	President	Washington, D.C.	United States	Assassination – shooting
Henry Temple, Viscount Palmerston		United Kingdom	Prime Minister	Hertfordshire	United Kingdom	Illness – fever [30]
Marcos Paz	1868	Argentina	Interim President	Buenos Aires	Argentina	Illness – cholera [31]
Ramón María Narváez		Spain	Prime Minister	Madrid	Spain	Illness – lung disease [32]
Victor Ruffy	1869	Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Bern	Switzerland
Francisco Solano López	1870	Paraguay	President	Cerro Corá	Paraguay	Killed in action
Juan Prim		Spain	Prime Minister	Madrid	Spain	Assassination [33]
Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha	1871	Ottoman Empire	Grand Vizier	Constantinople	Ottoman Empire	Illness – tuberculosis [34]
Johan Rudolph Thorbecke	1872	Netherlands	Prime Minister	The Hague	Netherlands	Illness – cold [35]
Benito Juárez		Mexico	President	Mexico City	Mexico	Myocardial infarction [36]
José Balta		Peru	President	Lima	Peru	Assassination – shooting
Tomás Gutiérrez						Assassination – lynching
Milivoje Blaznavac	1873	Serbia	President of the Ministry	Belgrade	Serbia	Myocardial infarction [37]
Adolfo Ballivián	1874	Bolivia	President	La Paz	Bolivia	Illness – stomach cancer [38]
Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt		Belgium	Prime Minister	Heusden	Belgium
Gabriel García Moreno	1875	Ecuador	President	Quito	Ecuador	Assassination – shooting and stabbing [39]
Ahmed Esad Pasha		Ottoman Empire	Grand Vizier	İzmir	Ottoman Empire	Assassination – poisoning
Juan Bautista Gill	1877	Paraguay	President	Villarrica	Paraguay	Assassination – shooting
Konstantinos Kanaris		Greece	Prime Minister	Athens	Greece	Myocardial infarction and hemiplegia [40]
Francisco Linares Alcántara	1878	Venezuela	President	La Guaira	Venezuela	Illness – bronchial disorder [41]
Johann Jakob Scherer		Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Bern	Switzerland	Illness – appendicitis [42]
Tēvita ʻUnga	1879	Tonga	Premier	Auckland	New Zealand	Illness – liver disease [43]
Cándido Bareiro	1880	Paraguay	President	Asunción	Paraguay	Stroke
Fridolin Anderwert		Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Bern	Switzerland	Suicide – gunshot [44]
James A. Garfield	1881	United States	President	Elberon	United States	Assassination – shooting and medical ineptitude [45]
Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez	1882	Costa Rica	President	Alajuela	Costa Rica	Illness – tuberculosis
Próspero Fernández Oreamuno	1885			Atenas
Justo Rufino Barrios		Guatemala	President	Chalchuapa	El Salvador	Killed in battle [46]
Ranodip Singh Kunwar		Nepal	Prime Minister	Kathmandu	Nepal	Assassination
Francisco Javier Zaldúa		Colombia	President	Bogotá	Colombia
Agostino Depretis	1887	Italy	Prime Minister	Stradella	Italy	Illness – gout [47]
Wilhelm Hertenstein	1888	Switzerland	President of the Confederation	Bern	Switzerland	Illness and complications following surgery [48]
John A. Macdonald	1891	Canada	Prime Minister	Ottawa	Canada	Stroke [49]
John Ballance	1893	New Zealand	Prime Minister	Wellington	New Zealand	Intestinal disease and complications following surgery
Louis Ruchonnet		Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Bern	Switzerland	Myocardial infarction [50]
Lazar Dokić		Serbia	President of the Ministry	Opatija	Austria-Hungary
Remigio Morales Bermúdez	1894	Peru	President	Lima	Peru	Illness – appendicitis
Marie François Sadi Carnot		France	President (also Co-Prince of Andorra)	Lyon	France	Assassination – stabbing [51]
Rafael Núñez		Colombia	President	Bogotá	Colombia	Stroke [52]
John Sparrow David Thompson		Canada	Prime Minister	Berkshire	United Kingdom	Myocardial infarction
Karl Schenk	1895	Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Bern	Switzerland	Accident – struck by carriage [53]
Florvil Hyppolite	1896	Haiti	President	Port-au-Prince	Haiti	Stroke [54]
Joseph James Cheeseman		Liberia	President	Monrovia	Liberia
Friedrich Stellwag von Carion		Liechtenstein	State Administrator	Vienna	Austria-Hungary
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo	1897	Spain	Prime Minister	Mondragón	Spain	Assassination – shooting [55]
Juan Idiarte Borda		Uruguay	President	Montevideo	Uruguay	Assassination – shooting [56]
José María Reina Barrios	1898	Guatemala	President	Guatemala City	Guatemala	Assassination – shooting [57]
Félix Faure	1899	France	President (also Co-Prince of Andorra)	Paris	France	Myocardial infarction [58]
Ulises Heureaux		Dominican Republic	President	Moca	Dominican Republic	Assassination – shooting [59]

1900–1949

Name	Year	Country	Title	Place of death		Cause of death
Federico Errázuriz Echaurren	1901	Chile	President	Valparaíso	Chile	Illness – cerebral thrombosis [60]
William McKinley		United States	President	Buffalo	United States	Assassination – shooting
Halil Rifat Pasha		Ottoman Empire	Grand Vizier	Constantinople	Ottoman Empire
Ramon Riu i Cabanes		Andorra	Co-Prince	La Seu d'Urgell	Spain
Walter Hauser	1902	Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Bern	Switzerland	Stroke [61]
Dimitrije Cincar-Marković	1903	Serbia	President of the Ministry	Belgrade	Serbia	Assassination
Manuel Candamo	1904	Peru	President	Arequipa	Peru	Heart attack [62]
Theodoros Diligiannis	1905	Greece	Prime Minister	Athens	Greece	Assassination – stabbing [63]
Manuel Quintana	1906	Argentina	President	Buenos Aires	Argentina	Illness – pneumonia [64]
Richard Seddon		New Zealand	Prime Minister	At sea		Heart attack [65]
Dimitar Petkov	1907	Bulgaria	Prime Minister	Sofia	Bulgaria	Assassination – shooting [66]
Ali-Asghar Atabak		Iran	Prime Minister	Tehran	Iran	Assassination – shooting [67]
Jules de Trooz		Belgium	Cabinet Chief	Brussels	Belgium
Afonso Pena	1909	Brazil	President	Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	Illness – pneumonia [68]
José Domingo de Obaldía	1910	Panama	President	Panama City	Panama
Boutros Ghali		Egypt	Prime Minister	Cairo	Egypt	Assassination – shooting [69]
Pedro Montt		Chile	President	Bremen	German Empire	Stroke [70]
Elías Fernández Albano		Chile	Acting President	Santiago	Chile	Illness – cold [71]
Ernst Brenner	1911	Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Menton	France	Stroke [72]
Pyotr Stolypin		Russian Empire	Prime Minister	Kiev	Russian Empire	Assassination – shooting [73]
Ramón Cáceres		Dominican Republic	President	Santo Domingo	Dominican Republic	Assassination – shooting [74]
Emilio Estrada Carmona		Ecuador	President	Guayaquil	Ecuador	Heart attack
Adolf Deucher	1912	Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Bern	Switzerland	Illness [75]
Cincinnatus Leconte		Haiti	President	Port-au-Prince	Haiti	Accident – explosion [76]
José Canalejas		Spain	Prime Minister	Madrid	Spain	Assassination – shooting [77]
Manuel Enrique Araujo	1913	El Salvador	President	San Salvador	El Salvador	Assassination – shooting and stabbing [78]
Tancrède Auguste		Haiti	President	Port-au-Prince	Haiti	Illness – anemia [79]
Mahmud Shevket Pasha		Ottoman Empire	Grand Vizier	Istanbul	Ottoman Empire	Assassination – shooting [80]
Carl von In der Maur		Liechtenstein	State Administrator	Vaduz	Liechtenstein	Stroke
Roque Sáenz Peña	1914	Argentina	President	Buenos Aires	Argentina	Illness [81]
Vilbrun Guillaume Sam	1915	Haiti	President	Port-au-Prince	Haiti	Assassination – beating [82]
Paul Eyschen		Luxembourg	Prime Minister	Luxembourg	Luxembourg	Illness – heart and kidney disease
Yuan Shikai	1916	China	President	Beijing	China	Illness – uraemia [83]
Karl von Stürgkh		Austria-Hungary	Minister-President of Cisleithania	Vienna	Austria-Hungary	Assassination – shooting [84]
Sidónio Pais	1918	Portugal	President	Lisbon	Portugal	Assassination – shooting [85]
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves	1919	Brazil	President-elect	Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	Illness – Spanish flu [86]
Yakov Sverdlov		Russian SFSR	Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee	Moscow	Russian SFSR	Illness – Spanish flu or typhus [87]
Manuel Franco		Paraguay	President	Asunción	Paraguay	Cardiac arrest [88]
Louis Botha		South Africa	Prime Minister	Pretoria	South Africa	Illness – Spanish flu [89]
Eduard Müller		Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Bern	Switzerland
Alexander Kolchak	1920	Russian State	Supreme Ruler	Irkutsk	Russian State	Execution – shooting [90]
Venustiano Carranza		Mexico	President	Tlaxcalantongo	Mexico	Assassination – shooting [91]
António Maria Baptista		Portugal	Prime Minister	Lisbon	Portugal	Stroke or apoplexy [92]
Eduardo Dato	1921	Spain	Prime Minister	Madrid	Spain	Assassination – shooting
António Granjo		Portugal	Prime Minister	Lisbon	Portugal	Assassination – shooting [93]
Hara Takashi		Japan	Prime Minister	Tokyo	Japan	Assassination – stabbing [94]
Arthur Griffith	1922	Ireland	President of Dáil Éireann	Dublin	Ireland	Illness – cerebral haemorrhage [95]
Michael Collins			Chairman of the Provisional Government	Béal na Bláth		Assassination – shooting [96]
Gabriel Narutowicz		Poland	President	Warsaw	Poland	Assassination – shooting [97]
Jalkhanz Khutagt Sodnomyn Damdinbazar	1923	Mongolia	Prime Minister	Niislel Khüree	China
Warren G. Harding		United States	President	San Francisco	United States	Heart attack [98]
Vladimir Lenin	1924	Soviet Union	Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars	Gorki	Soviet Union	Stroke [99]
Rafael López Gutiérrez		Honduras	President	Amapala	Honduras	Illness – diabetes [100]
Friedrich Ebert	1925	Germany	President	Berlin	Germany	Illness – septic shock [101]
Sun Yat-sen		China	Generalissimo of the National Government	Beijing	China	Illness – gall bladder cancer [102]
William Ferguson Massey		New Zealand	Prime Minister	Wellington	New Zealand	Illness – cancer [103]
Katō Takaaki	1926	Japan	Prime Minister	Tokyo	Japan	Illness – pneumonia [104]
Jón Magnússon		Iceland	Prime Minister	Neskaupstaður	Iceland
José María Orellana		Guatemala	President	Antigua Guatemala	Guatemala	Heart attack [105]
Jānis Čakste	1927	Latvia	President	Riga	Latvia
Charles Coghlan		Southern Rhodesia	Premier	Salisbury	Southern Rhodesia	Illness – cerebral haemorrhage
Balingiin Tserendorj	1928	Mongolia	Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars	Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia	Illness
Zhang Zuolin		China	Generalissimo of the Military Government	Shenyang	China	Assassination – bombing [106]
Abdul Muhsin al-Sa'dun	1929	Iraq	Prime Minister	Baghdad	Iraq	Suicide – gunshot [107]
Peder Kolstad	1932	Norway	Prime Minister	Oslo	Norway	Blood clot [108]
Paul Doumer		France	President (also Co-Prince of Andorra)	Paris	France	Assassination – shooting [109]
Inukai Tsuyoshi		Japan	Prime Minister	Tokyo	Japan	Assassination – shooting [110]
Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro	1933	Peru	President	Lima	Peru	Assassination – shooting [111]
Ion G. Duca		Romania	Prime Minister	Prahova	Romania	Assassination – shooting [112]
Engelbert Dollfuss	1934	Austria	Chancellor	Vienna	Austria	Assassination – shooting [113]
Paul von Hindenburg		Germany	President	Neudeck	Germany	Illness – lung cancer
Józef Piłsudski	1935	Poland	Minister of Military Affairs	Warsaw	Poland	Illness – liver cancer [114]
Juan Vicente Gómez		Venezuela	President	Maracay	Venezuela	Illness – prostate cancer [115]
Konstantinos Demertzis	1936	Greece	Prime Minister	Athens	Greece	Heart attack [116]
Gyula Gömbös		Hungary	Prime Minister	Munich	Germany	Illness – testicular cancer [117]
Panas Lyubchenko	1937	Ukrainian SSR	Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars	Moscow	Soviet Union	Suicide – gunshot
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk	1938	Turkey	President	Istanbul	Turkey	Illness – liver cirrhosis
Patriarch Miron	1939	Romania	Prime Minister	Cannes	France	Illness – pneumonia
Joseph Lyons		Australia	Prime Minister	Sydney	Australia	Heart attack [118]
Germán Busch		Bolivia	President	La Paz	Bolivia	Suicide – gunshot [119]
Armand Călinescu		Romania	Prime Minister	Bucharest	Romania	Assassination – shooting [120]
Aurelio Mosquera		Ecuador	President	Quito	Ecuador	Illness – liver infection [121] or suicide [122]
Giuseppe Motta	1940	Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Bern	Switzerland	Stroke
Justí Guitart i Vilardebó		Andorra	Co-Prince	Barcelona	Spain
Lord Tweedsmuir		Canada	Governor General	Montreal	Canada	Head injury following stroke [123]
Jacinto Peynado		Dominican Republic	President	Santo Domingo	Dominican Republic
Michael Joseph Savage		New Zealand	Prime Minister	Wellington	New Zealand	Illness – colon cancer [124]
José Félix Estigarribia		Paraguay	President	Altos	Paraguay	Accident – plane crash [125]
Hassan Sabry Pasha		Egypt	Prime Minister	Cairo	Egypt	Heart failure [126]
Kyösti Kallio		Finland	President	Helsinki	Finland	Heart attack [127]
Ioannis Metaxas	1941	Greece	Prime Minister	Athens	Greece	Illness – septicemia or internal haemorrhage [128]
Pál Teleki		Hungary	Prime Minister	Budapest	Hungary	Suicide – gunshot [129]
Alexandros Koryzis		Greece	Prime Minister	Athens	Greece	Suicide – gunshot [130]
Johannes Lauristin		Estonian SSR	Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars	At sea [131]
Pedro Aguirre Cerda		Chile	President	Santiago	Chile	Illness – tuberculosis [132]
José Abad Santos	1942	Philippines	Interim President	Malabang	Empire of Japan	Execution – shooting [133]
Thorvald Stauning		Denmark	Prime Minister	Copenhagen	Denmark	Illness [134]
Taj al-Din al-Hasani	1943	Syria	President	Damascus	Syria	Heart attack [135]
Władysław Sikorski		Poland	Prime Minister	Gibraltar	Gibraltar	Accident – plane crash [136]
Lin Sen		China	Chairman of the National Government	Chongqing	China	Stroke
Manuel L. Quezon	1944	Philippines	President	Saranac Lake	United States	Illness – tuberculosis
Wang Jingwei		Republic of China	Chairman of the National Government (at Nanjing)	Nagoya	Japan	Complications from gunshot wound [137]
Ahmad Maher Pasha	1945	Egypt	Prime Minister	Cairo	Egypt	Assassination – shooting
Franklin D. Roosevelt		United States	President	Warm Springs	United States	Illness – cerebral haemorrhage [138]
John Curtin		Australia	Prime Minister	Canberra	Australia	Heart attack [139]
Adolf Hitler		Germany	Führer	Berlin	Germany	Suicide – gunshot [140]
Joseph Goebbels			Chancellor			Suicide – gunshot [141]
Juan Antonio Ríos	1946	Chile	President	Santiago	Chile	Illness – cancer
Gualberto Villarroel		Bolivia	President	La Paz	Bolivia	Assassination – lynching [142]
Per Albin Hansson		Sweden	Prime Minister	Stockholm	Sweden	Heart attack [143]
Nguyen Van Thinh		French Cochinchina	President of the Provisional Government	Saigon	French Cochinchina	Suicide – hanging [144]
Johannes Vares		Estonian SSR	Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	Tallinn	Soviet Union	Suicide
Aung San	1947	Burma	Premier	Yangon	Burma	Assassination – shooting [145]
Tomás Berreta		Uruguay	President	Montevideo	Uruguay	Illness – prostate cancer [146]
Manuel Roxas	1948	Philippines	President	Clark Air Base	Philippines	Heart attack [147]
Muhammad Ali Jinnah		Pakistan	Governor-General	Karachi	Pakistan	Illness – heart failure [148]
Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha		Egypt	Prime Minister	Cairo	Egypt	Assassination – shooting [149]
Mir Bashir Gasimov	1949	Azerbaijan SSR	Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	Baku	Soviet Union
Themistoklis Sofoulis		Greece	Prime Minister	Kifissia	Greece	Illness [150]
Georgi Dimitrov		Bulgaria	Chairman of the Council of Ministers	Barvikha	Soviet Union	Illness – heart and liver disease, abdominal cancer and internal haemorrhages [151]
Husni al-Za'im		Syria	President	Damascus	Syria	Execution by firing squad
Muhsin al-Barazi			Prime Minister

1950–1999

Name	Year	Country	Title	Place of death		Cause of death
Vasil Kolarov	1950	Bulgaria	Prime Minister	Sofia	Bulgaria	Illness [152]
Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes		Nicaragua	President	Philadelphia	United States	Complications following stomach cancer surgery [153]
Carlos Delgado Chalbaud		Venezuela	President	Caracas	Venezuela	Assassination – lynching [154]
Enrico Mizzi		Malta	Prime Minister	Valletta	Malta [155]
Karl Renner		Austria	President	Vienna	Austria	Stroke [156]
Óscar Carmona	1951	Portugal	President	Lisbon	Portugal	Illness – bronchopneumonia [157]
Haj Ali Razmara		Iran	Prime Minister	Tehran	Iran	Assassination – shooting [158]
Liaquat Ali Khan		Pakistan	Prime Minister	Rawalpindi	Pakistan	Assassination – shooting [159]
Sveinn Björnsson	1952	Iceland	President	Reykjavík	Iceland	Illness – heart disease [160]
Khorloogiin Choibalsan		Mongolia	Chairman of the Council of Ministers	Moscow	Soviet Union	Illness – kidney cancer [161]
D. S. Senanayake		Ceylon	Prime Minister	Colombo	Ceylon	Stroke [162]
Chaim Weizmann		Israel	President	Rehovot	Israel	Illness – respiratory inflammation [163]
Adriaan Alberga		Surinam	Prime Minister	Paramaribo	Surinam [164]
Joseph Stalin	1953	Soviet Union	Chairman of the Council of Ministers	Moscow	Soviet Union	Illness – cerebral haemorrhage [165]
Klement Gottwald		Czechoslovakia	President	Prague	Czechoslovakia	Illness – pneumonia [166]
Gonchigiin Bumtsend		Mongolia	Chairman of the Presidium of the State Little Khural	Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia [167]
Pierre Dupong		Luxembourg	Prime Minister	Luxembourg	Luxembourg	Heart attack [168]
Getúlio Vargas	1954	Brazil	President	Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	Suicide – gunshot [169]
José Antonio Remón Cantera	1955	Panama	President	Panama City	Panama	Assassination – shooting [170]
Hans Hedtoft		Denmark	Prime Minister	Stockholm	Sweden	Heart attack [171]
Alexandros Papagos		Greece	Prime Minister	Athens	Greece	Illness – lung haemorrhage and heart failure [172]
Bolesław Bierut	1956	Poland	General Secretary of the United Workers' Party	Moscow	Soviet Union	Heart attack [173]
Anastasio Somoza García		Nicaragua	President	Ancón	Panama	Complications from gunshot wound [174]
Theodor Körner	1957	Austria	President	Vienna	Austria	Heart attack [175]
Ramón Magsaysay		Philippines	President	Balamban	Philippines	Accident – plane crash [176]
Carlos Castillo Armas		Guatemala	President	Guatemala City	Guatemala	Assassination – shooting [177]
Antonín Zápotocký		Czechoslovakia	President	Prague	Czechoslovakia	Heart attack [178]
Petru Groza	1958	Romania	President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly	Bucharest	Romania	Complications following stomach surgery [179]
Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom		South Africa	Prime Minister	Cape Town	South Africa	Illness – heart disease [180]
Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly		Upper Volta	President of the Government Council	Paris	France	Illness [181]
Markus Feldmann		Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Bern	Switzerland	Illness – heart failure [182]
Georgi Damyanov		Bulgaria	Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly	Sofia	Bulgaria [183]
Pierre Frieden	1959	Luxembourg	Prime Minister	Zürich	Switzerland [184]
Barthélemy Boganda		Central African Republic	Prime Minister	Boda	Central African Republic	Accident – plane crash [185]
S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike		Ceylon	Prime Minister	Colombo	Ceylon	Assassination – shooting [186]
Ernest George Jansen		South Africa	Governor-General	Pretoria	South Africa	Illness – pneumonia [187]
H. C. Hansen	1960	Denmark	Prime Minister	Copenhagen	Denmark	Illness – cancer [188]
Hazza' al-Majali		Jordan	Prime Minister	Amman	Jordan	Assassination – bombing [189]
Wilhelm Pieck		German Democratic Republic	President	Berlin	German Democratic Republic	Heart attack [190]
Abebe Aregai		Ethiopia	Prime Minister	Addis Ababa	Ethiopia	Assassination – shooting [191]
William Morrison	1961	Australia	Governor-General	Canberra	Australia	Illness – pulmonary embolism [192]
Rafael Trujillo		Dominican Republic	Generalissimo	Ciudad Trujillo	Dominican Republic	Assassination – shooting [193]
Nicola Canali		Vatican City/Holy See	President of the Governorate & President of the Pontifical Commission	Vatican City/Holy See		Illness – pneumonia [194]
Louis Rwagasore		Burundi	Prime Minister	Bujumbura	Burundi	Assassination – shooting [195]
Saftar Jafarov		Azerbaijan SSR	Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	Baku	Soviet Union	Illness – cardiovascular disease
Sylvanus Olympio	1963	Togo	President	Lomé	Togo	Assassination – shooting [196]
Tupua Tamasese Meaʻole		Western Samoa	Head of State (O le Ao o le Malo)	Apia	Western Samoa	Illness [197]
Yitzhak Ben-Zvi		Israel	President	Jerusalem	Israel	Illness – cancer [198]
Ngo Dinh Diem		South Vietnam	President	Saigon	South Vietnam	Assassination – shooting [199]
John F. Kennedy		United States	President	Dallas	United States	Assassination – shooting [200]
Sarit Thanarat		Thailand	Prime Minister	Bangkok	Thailand	Illness – heart and liver disease [201]
Jigme Palden Dorji	1964	Bhutan	Prime Minister	Phuntsholing	Bhutan	Assassination – shooting [142]
Dimitar Ganev		Bulgaria	Chairman of the Presidium of the National Assembly	Sofia	Bulgaria [183]
Milton Margai		Sierra Leone	Prime Minister	Freetown	Sierra Leone	Illness [202]
Jawaharlal Nehru		India	Prime Minister	New Delhi	India	Internal haemorrhage, stroke, and heart attack [203]
Aleksander Zawadzki		Poland	Chairman of the Council of State	Warsaw	Poland	Illness – cancer [204]
Otto Grotewohl		German Democratic Republic	Chairman of the Council of Ministers	Berlin	German Democratic Republic	Illness – brain haemorrhage [205]
Slobodan Penezić		SR Serbia	President of the Executive Council	Šopić	Yugoslavia	Accident – car crash [206]
Pierre Ngendandumwe	1965	Burundi	Prime Minister	Bujumbura	Burundi	Assassination – shooting [207]
Hassan Ali Mansur		Iran	Prime Minister	Tehran	Iran	Complications from gunshot wound [208]
Luis Giannattasio		Uruguay	President	Punta del Este	Uruguay	Heart attack [209]
Adolf Schärf		Austria	President	Vienna	Austria	Illness – influenza and liver disease [175]
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej		Romania	President of the State Council	Bucharest	Romania	Illness – lung cancer [210]
Hasan Brkić		SR Bosnia and Herzegovina	President of the Executive Council	Sarajevo	Yugoslavia
Lal Bahadur Shastri	1966	India	Prime Minister	Tashkent	Soviet Union	Heart attack [a] [211]
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa		Nigeria	Prime Minister	Lagos	Nigeria	Assassination – shooting [212]
Chris Soumokil		South Maluku	President	Ubi Island	Indonesia	Execution by firing squad [213]
Abdul Salam Arif		Iraq	President	Al Nashwa	Iraq	Accident – plane crash [214]
Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi		Nigeria	Head of State	Lagelu	Nigeria	Assassination – shooting [215]
René Schick		Nicaragua	President	Managua	Nicaragua	Heart attack [216]
Hendrik Verwoerd		South Africa	Prime Minister	Cape Town	South Africa	Assassination – stabbing [217]
Georges Vanier	1967	Canada	Governor General	Ottawa	Canada	Heart attack [218]
Donald Burns Sangster		Jamaica	Prime Minister	Montreal		Illness – subarachnoid haemorrhage [219]
Léon M'ba		Gabon	President	Paris	France	Illness – cancer [220]
Óscar Diego Gestido		Uruguay	President	Montevideo	Uruguay	Heart attack [221]
Harold Holt		Australia	Prime Minister	Cheviot Beach	Australia	Disappeared; presumed drowning [222]
Peter Mohr Dam	1968	Faroe Islands	Prime Minister	Tórshavn	Faroe Islands
Levi Eshkol	1969	Israel	Prime Minister	Jerusalem	Israel	Heart attack [223]
René Barrientos		Bolivia	President	Arque	Bolivia	Accident – helicopter crash [224]
Zakir Husain		India	President	New Delhi	India	Heart attack [225]
Ho Chi Minh		North Vietnam	Chairman of the Workers' Party and President	Hanoi	North Vietnam	Heart attack [226]
Abdirashid Ali Shermarke		Somali Republic	President	Las Anod	Somali Republic	Assassination – shooting [227]
David Rose		Guyana	Governor-General	London	United Kingdom	Accident – crushed [228]
Artur da Costa e Silva		Brazil	President	Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	Heart attack [229]
Saïd Mohamed Cheikh	1970	Comoros	President of the Government Council	Soavinandriana	Madagascar	Heart attack [230]
Bjarni Benediktsson		Iceland	Prime Minister	Þingvellir	Iceland	Accident – fire [231]
Gamal Abdel Nasser		Egypt	President and Prime Minister	Cairo	Egypt	Heart attack [232]
Yusof bin Ishak		Singapore	President	Singapore		Heart attack [233]
François Duvalier	1971	Haiti	President for life	Port-au-Prince	Haiti	Illness – diabetes and heart disease [234]
William Tubman		Liberia	President	London	United Kingdom	Complications following prostate surgery [235]
Wasfi al-Tal		Jordan	Prime Minister	Cairo	Egypt	Assassination – shooting [236]
Abeid Karume	1972	Zanzibar	President	Zanzibar City	Zanzibar	Assassination – shooting [237]
Jamsrangiin Sambuu		Mongolia	Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural	Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia	Illness – cancer [238]
Leonard Williams		Mauritius	Governor-General	Port Louis	Mauritius	Heart attack [239]
Richard Sharples	1973	Bermuda	Governor	Hamilton	Bermuda	Assassination – shooting [240]
Walter Ulbricht		German Democratic Republic	Chairman of the State Council	Templin	German Democratic Republic	Illness – heart failure [190]
Salvador Allende		Chile	President	Santiago	Chile	Suicide – gunshot [241] [b]
Luis Carrero Blanco		Spain	Prime Minister	Madrid	Spain	Assassination – bombing [242]
Franz Jonas	1974	Austria	President	Vienna	Austria	Illness – stomach cancer [243]
Georges Pompidou		France	President (also Co-Prince of Andorra)	Paris	France	Illness – Waldenström's macroglobulinemia [244]
Juan Perón		Argentina	President	Buenos Aires	Argentina	Illness – heart and kidney failure [245]
Norman Eric Kirk		New Zealand	Prime Minister	Wellington	New Zealand	Illness – heart failure [246]
Erskine Childers		Ireland	President	Dublin	Ireland	Heart attack [247]
Richard Ratsimandrava	1975	Madagascar	President	Antananarivo	Madagascar	Assassination – shooting [248]
Chiang Kai-shek		Republic of China	President	Taipei	Republic of China	Heart attack [249]
François Tombalbaye		Chad	President and Prime Minister	N'Djamena	Chad	Assassination – shooting [250]
Long Boret		Khmer Republic	Prime Minister	Phnom Penh	Khmer Republic	Execution by firing squad [251]
Mataʻafa Faumuina Mulinuʻu II		Western Samoa	Prime Minister	Apia	Western Samoa
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman		Bangladesh	President	Dhaka	Bangladesh	Assassination – shooting [252]
Francisco Franco		Spain	Head of State (Caudillo)	Madrid	Spain	Illness – complications of heart disease, kidney failure and gastric haemorrhage [253]
Zhou Enlai	1976	China	Premier	Beijing	China	Illness – bladder cancer [254]
Abdul Razak Hussein		Malaysia	Prime Minister	London	United Kingdom	Illness – leukemia [255]
Murtala Mohammed		Nigeria	Head of the Federal Military Government	Lagos	Nigeria	Assassination – shooting [256]
El-Ouali Mustapha Sayed		Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	President	Inchiri	Mauritania	Killed in action [257]
Zhu De		China	Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress	Beijing	China
Joël Rakotomalala		Madagascar	Prime Minister	Antsirabe	Madagascar	Accident – helicopter crash [258]
Arleigh Winston Scott		Barbados	Governor-General	St. Michael	Barbados	Heart attack [259]
Mao Zedong		China	Chairman of the Central Committee	Beijing	China	Heart attack [260]
Džemal Bijedić	1977	Yugoslavia	President of the Federal Executive Council	Kreševo	Yugoslavia	Accident – plane crash [261]
Tafari Benti		Ethiopia	Chairman of the Provisional Military Administrative Council	Addis Ababa	Ethiopia	Assassination – shooting [262]
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed		India	President	New Delhi	India	Heart attack [263]
Marien Ngouabi		Congo-Brazzaville	President	Brazzaville	Republic of the Congo	Assassination – shooting [264]
Makarios III		Cyprus	President	Nicosia	Cyprus	Heart attack [265]
Ibrahim al-Hamdi		North Yemen	President	Sana'a	North Yemen	Assassination – shooting [266]
Mohammed Daoud Khan	1978	Afghanistan	President	Kabul	Afghanistan	Assassination – shooting [267]
Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw		Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla	Premier	Basseterre	Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla	Illness – prostate cancer [268]
Ahmad al-Ghashmi		North Yemen	President	Sana'a	North Yemen	Assassination – bombing [266]
Salim Rubai Ali		South Yemen	President	Aden	South Yemen	Assassination – shooting [269]
Francisco Mendes		Guinea-Bissau	Prime Minister	Bissau	Guinea-Bissau	Accident – car crash [270]
Nico Diederichs		South Africa	State President	Cape Town	South Africa	Heart attack [271]
Jomo Kenyatta		Kenya	President	Mombasa	Kenya	Heart attack [272]
John Wrathall		Rhodesia	President	Salisbury	Rhodesia	Heart attack [273]
Botha Sigcau		Transkei	President	Umtata	South Africa	Heart attack [274]
Houari Boumediene		Algeria	President	Algiers	Algeria	Illness – Waldenström's macroglobulinemia [275]
Milo Butler	1979	Bahamas	Governor-General	Nassau	Bahamas	Illness [276]
Jean-Marie Villot		Vatican City/Holy See	Cardinal Secretary of State	Vatican City/Holy See		Illness – bronchopneumonia [277]
Mashiur Rahman		Bangladesh	Chief Minister	Dhaka	Bangladesh	Heart attack [278]
Paul Southwell		Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla	Premier	Castries	Saint Lucia	Heart attack
Ahmed Ould Bouceif		Mauritania	Prime Minister	Off the coast of Dakar	Senegal	Accident – plane crash [279]
Agostinho Neto		Angola	President	Moscow	Soviet Union	Illness – pancreatic cancer [280]
Maphevu Dlamini		Swaziland	Prime Minister	Mbabane	Swaziland [281]
Park Chung Hee		South Korea	President	Seoul	South Korea	Assassination – shooting [282]
Hafizullah Amin		Afghanistan	General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Chairman of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council and Chairman of the Council of Ministers	Kabul	Afghanistan	Assassination – shooting [283]
Tôn Đức Thắng	1980	Vietnam	President	Hanoi	Vietnam	Heart attack [226]
William Tolbert		Liberia	President	Monrovia	Liberia	Assassination – shooting [235]
Josip Broz Tito		Yugoslavia	Leader of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and President	Ljubljana	Yugoslavia	Illness – heart failure [284]
J. A. G. S. McCartney		Turks and Caicos Islands	Chief Minister	Vineland	United States	Accident – plane crash [285]
Masayoshi Ōhira		Japan	Prime Minister	Tokyo	Japan	Heart attack [286]
Seretse Khama		Botswana	President	Gaborone	Botswana	Illness – pancreatic cancer [287]
Abdelhamid Sharaf		Jordan	Prime Minister	Amman	Jordan	Heart attack [288]
Francisco Sá Carneiro		Portugal	Prime Minister	Loures	Portugal	Accident – plane crash [289] [c]
Sultan Ibraimov		Kyrgyz SSR	Chairman of the Council of Ministers	Cholpon-Ata	Soviet Union	Assassination – shooting [292]
Eric Williams	1981	Trinidad and Tobago	Prime Minister	Port of Spain	Trinidad and Tobago [293]
Benjamin Henry Sheares		Singapore	President	Singapore		Cerebral haemorrhage [294]
Jaime Roldós Aguilera		Ecuador	President	Celica	Ecuador	Accident – plane crash [295] [d]
Ziaur Rahman		Bangladesh	President	Chittagong	Bangladesh	Assassination – shooting [297]
Omar Torrijos		Panama	Maximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution	Penonomé	Panama	Accident – plane crash [298]
Mohammad-Ali Rajai		Iran	President	Tehran	Iran	Assassination – bombing [299]
Mohammad-Javad Bahonar			Prime Minister			Assassination – bombing [300]
Anwar Sadat		Egypt	President and Prime Minister	Cairo	Egypt	Assassination – shooting [301]
Mehmet Shehu		Albania	Chairman of the Council of Ministers	Tirana	Albania	Suicide – gunshot [e] [302]
Antonio Guzmán Fernández	1982	Dominican Republic	President	Santo Domingo	Dominican Republic	Suicide – gunshot [303]
Bachir Gemayel		Lebanon	President-elect	Beirut	Lebanon	Assassination – bombing [304]
Leonid Brezhnev		Soviet Union	General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	Zarechye	Soviet Union	Heart attack [305]
Willi Ritschard	1983	Switzerland	Member of the Federal Council	Grenchenberg	Switzerland	Illness – heart failure [306]
Deighton Lisle Ward	1984	Barbados	Governor-General		Barbados [307]
Yuri Andropov		Soviet Union	General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	Moscow	Soviet Union	Illness – kidney failure [308]
Ahmed Sékou Touré		Guinea	President	Cleveland	United States	Heart attack [309]
Edward Sokoine		Tanzania	Prime Minister	Morogoro	Tanzania	Accident – car crash [310]
Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin		Egypt	Prime Minister	Cairo	Egypt	Heart attack [311]
Indira Gandhi		India	Prime Minister	New Delhi	India	Assassination – shooting [312]
Chan Sy		People's Republic of Kampuchea	Chairman of the Council of Ministers	Moscow	Soviet Union	Heart attack [313]
Konstantin Chernenko	1985	Soviet Union	General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	Moscow	Soviet Union	Illness – heart failure and emphysema [314]
Tom Adams		Barbados	Prime Minister	Saint Michael	Barbados	Heart attack [315]
Enver Hoxha		Albania	First Secretary of the Party of Labour	Tirana	Albania	Illness – complications from diabetes [316]
Tancredo Neves		Brazil	President-elect	São Paulo	Brazil	Illness – infected leiomyoma [f] [317]
Haruo Remeliik		Palau	President	Koror	Palau	Assassination – shooting
Forbes Burnham		Guyana	President	Georgetown	Guyana	Heart attack [318]
Seewoosagur Ramgoolam		Mauritius	Governor-General	Port Louis	Mauritius	Illness [319]
Olof Palme	1986	Sweden	Prime Minister	Stockholm	Sweden	Assassination – shooting
Lê Duẩn		Vietnam	General Secretary of the Communist Party	Hanoi	Vietnam	Illness – lung and kidney disease [320]
Samora Machel		Mozambique	President	Mbuzini	South Africa	Accident – plane crash [321] [g]
Edward Youde		British Hong Kong	Governor	Beijing	China	Heart attack [323]
Errol Barrow	1987	Barbados	Prime Minister	Bridgetown	Barbados [315]
Rashid Karami		Lebanon	Prime Minister	Beirut	Lebanon	Assassination – bombing [324]
Cedric Phatudi		KaNgwane	Chief Minister	Lebowakgomo	South Africa	Illness – complications from diabetes and bone cancer [325]
Thomas Sankara		Burkina Faso	President	Ouagadougou	Burkina Faso	Assassination – shooting [326]
Seyni Kountché		Niger	President of the Supreme Military Council	Paris	France	Illness – brain tumour [327]
Chiang Ching-kuo	1988	Republic of China	President	Taipei	Republic of China	Heart attack [328]
Phạm Hùng		Vietnam	Prime Minister	Ho Chi Minh City	Vietnam	Heart attack [329]
Patrick Mphephu		Venda	President	Thohoyandou	South Africa	Illness [330]
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq		Pakistan	President	Bahawalpur	Pakistan	Accident – plane crash [331]
Lazarus Salii		Palau	President	Koror	Palau	Suicide – gunshot [332]
Ruhollah Khomeini	1989	Iran	Supreme Leader	Tehran	Iran	Heart attack [333]
René Moawad		Lebanon	President	Beirut	Lebanon	Assassination – bombing [334]
Ahmed Abdallah		Comoros	President	Moroni	Comoros	Assassination – shooting [335]
Herbert Blaize		Grenada	Prime Minister	St George's	Grenada	Illness – prostate cancer [336]
Ignatius Kilage		Papua New Guinea	Governor-General	Port Moresby	Papua New Guinea
Samuel Doe	1990	Liberia	President	Monrovia	Liberia	Assassination – torture [h] [337]
Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum		United Arab Emirates	Prime Minister	Dubai	United Arab Emirates	Illness [338]
Nasirdin Isanov	1991	Kyrgyzstan	Prime Minister	Jalal-Abad–Osh Motorway	Kyrgyzstan	Accident – car crash [339]
Artur Mkrtchyan	1992	Artsakh	Chairman of the Supreme Council	Stepanakert	Artsakh / Azerbaijan	Assassination – shooting [340]
Mohamed Boudiaf		Algeria	Chairman of the High Council of State	Annaba	Algeria	Assassination – shooting [341]
Kaysone Phomvihane		Laos	President	Vientiane	Laos	Illness [342]
Robert Rex		Niue	Premier	Alofi	Niue [343]
Turgut Özal	1993	Turkey	President	Ankara	Turkey	Heart attack [344] [i]
Ranasinghe Premadasa		Sri Lanka	President	Colombo	Sri Lanka	Assassination – bombing [347]
Zhiuli Shartava		Abkhazia	Chairman of the Government	Sukhumi	Abkhazia / Georgia	Assassination – shooting [348]
Melchior Ndadaye		Burundi	President	Bujumbura	Burundi	Assassination – stabbing [349]
Félix Houphouët-Boigny		Ivory Coast	President	Yamoussoukro	Ivory Coast	Illness – prostate cancer [350]
József Antall		Hungary	Prime Minister	Budapest	Hungary	Illness – lymphoma [351]
Penaia Ganilau		Fiji	President	Washington, D.C.	United States	Illness – sepsis [352]
Cyprien Ntaryamira	1994	Burundi	President	Kigali	Rwanda	Assassination – plane shot down [353]
Juvénal Habyarimana		Rwanda	President
Agathe Uwilingiyimana			Prime Minister			Assassination – shooting [354]
Kim Il Sung		North Korea	General Secretary of the Workers' Party and President	Hyangsan	North Korea	Heart attack [355]
Hamilton Lavity Stoutt	1995	British Virgin Islands	Chief Minister	Tortola	British Virgin Islands [356]
Yitzhak Rabin		Israel	Prime Minister	Tel Aviv	Israel	Assassination – shooting [357]
Nita Barrow		Barbados	Governor-General	Bridgetown	Barbados [358]
Dzhokhar Dudayev	1996	Chechen Republic of Ichkeria	President	Gekhi-Chu	Chechen Republic of Ichkeria / Russia	Assassination – missile strike [359]
Mohamed Farrah Aidid		Somalia	President [j]	Mogadishu	Somalia	Killed in action [360]
Amata Kabua		Marshall Islands	President	Honolulu	United States	Illness [361]
Cheddi Jagan	1997	Guyana	President	Washington, D.C.		Heart attack [362]
Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai		Afghanistan	Prime Minister	Bamyan	Afghanistan	Accident – plane crash [363]
Sani Abacha	1998	Nigeria	Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council	Abuja	Nigeria	Heart attack [364] [k]
Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim		Comoros	President	Moroni	Comoros	Heart attack [365]
Jumabek Ibraimov	1999	Kyrgyzstan	Prime Minister	Bishkek	Kyrgyzstan	Illness – stomach cancer [366]
Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara		Niger	President	Niamey	Niger	Assassination – shooting [367]
Vazgen Sargsyan		Armenia	Prime Minister	Yerevan	Armenia	Assassination – shooting [368]
Franjo Tuđman		Croatia	President	Zagreb	Croatia	Illness – stomach cancer, complications from surgery [369]

2000–present

Name	Year	Country	Title	Place of death		Cause of death
Hafez al-Assad	2000	Syria	President	Damascus	Syria	Heart attack [370]
Rosie Douglas		Dominica	Prime Minister	Portsmouth	Dominica	Heart attack [371] [l]
Ionatana Ionatana		Tuvalu	Prime Minister	Funafuti	Tuvalu	Heart attack [373]
Laurent-Désiré Kabila	2001	Democratic Republic of the Congo	President	Kinshasa	Democratic Republic of Congo	Assassination – shooting [374]
Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal	2002	Somaliland	President	Pretoria	South Africa	Complications following surgery [375]
Charles Antrobus		Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Governor-General	Toronto	Canada	Illness [376]
Bernard Dowiyogo	2003	Nauru	President	Washington, D.C.	United States	Complications following heart surgery [377]
Zoran Đinđić		Serbia and Montenegro	Prime Minister	Belgrade	Serbia and Montenegro	Assassination – shooting [378]
Pierre Charles	2004	Dominica	Prime Minister	Roseau	Dominica	Heart attack [379]
Boris Trajkovski		Macedonia	President	Berkovići	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Accident – plane crash [380]
Ezzedine Salim		Iraq	President of the Governing Council	Baghdad	Iraq	Assassination – car bomb [381]
Thomas Klestil		Austria	President	Vienna	Austria	Heart attack [382] or illness – heart failure [383]
Yasser Arafat		Palestine	President	Paris	France	Disputed
Zurab Zhvania	2005	Georgia	Prime Minister	Tbilisi	Georgia	Accident – poisoning [384] [m]
Gnassingbé Eyadéma		Togo	President	Near Tunis	Tunisia	Heart attack [387]
Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum	2006	United Arab Emirates	Prime Minister	Gold Coast	Australia	Heart attack [388]
Ibrahim Rugova		Kosovo	President	Pristina	Kosovo	Illness – lung cancer [389]
Saparmurat Niyazov		Turkmenistan	President	Ashgabat	Turkmenistan	Illness – heart failure [390]
Pascal Yoadimnadji	2007	Chad	Prime Minister	Paris	France	Illness – brain haemorrhage [391]
Andranik Margaryan		Armenia	Prime Minister	Yerevan	Armenia	Heart attack [392]
Malietoa Tanumafili II		Samoa	Head of State (O le Ao o le Malo)	Apia	Samoa	Illness – pneumonia [393]
John Compton		Saint Lucia	Prime Minister	Castries	Saint Lucia	Stroke [394]
Soe Win		Burma	Prime Minister	Beijing	China	Illness – leukemia [395]
Levy Mwanawasa	2008	Zambia	President	Paris	France	Stroke [396]
Lansana Conté		Guinea	President	Conakry	Guinea	Illness [397]
João Bernardo Vieira	2009	Guinea-Bissau	President	Bissau	Guinea-Bissau	Assassination – shooting [398]
Omar Bongo		Gabon	President	Barcelona	Spain	Heart attack [399]
Lech Kaczyński	2010	Poland	President	Near Smolensk	Russia	Accident – plane crash [400]
Umaru Musa Yar'Adua		Nigeria	President	Abuja	Nigeria	Illness – pericarditis [401]
David Thompson		Barbados	Prime Minister	Saint Philip	Barbados	Illness – pancreatic cancer [402]
Sergey Bagapsh	2011	Abkhazia	President	Moscow	Russia	Illness – heart failure [403]
Muammar Gaddafi		Libya	Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution	Sirte	Libya	Assassination – shooting [404]
Kim Jong Il		North Korea	General Secretary of the Workers' Party	Pyongyang	North Korea	Heart attack [405]
Malam Bacai Sanhá	2012	Guinea-Bissau	President	Paris	France	Illness [406]
Bingu wa Mutharika		Malawi	President	Lilongwe	Malawi	Heart attack [407]
John Atta Mills		Ghana	President	Accra	Ghana	Illness – intracerebral hemorrhage [408]
Meles Zenawi		Ethiopia	Prime Minister	Brussels	Belgium	Illness [409]
Hugo Chávez	2013	Venezuela	President	Caracas	Venezuela	Respiratory failure [410]
Zillur Rahman		Bangladesh	President	Singapore		Illness – lung infection [411]
Michael Sata	2014	Zambia	President	London	United Kingdom	Illness [412]
Mohamed Abdelaziz	2016	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Secretary General of the Polisario Front President	Tindouf	Algeria	Illness – lung cancer
Islam Karimov		Uzbekistan	President	Tashkent	Uzbekistan	Illness – multiple organ failure [413]
Michael Ogio	2017	Papua New Guinea	Governor-General	Port Moresby	Papua New Guinea	Illness – multiple organ failure [414]
Baldwin Lonsdale		Vanuatu	President	Port Vila	Vanuatu	Heart attack [415]
Alexander Zakharchenko	2018	Donetsk People's Republic	Head of the Republic and Prime Minister	Donetsk	Donetsk People's Republic / Ukraine	Assassination – bombing [416]
Gennadi Gagulia		Abkhazia	Prime Minister	Miusera	Abkhazia / Georgia	Accident – car crash [417]
Trần Đại Quang		Vietnam	President	Hanoi	Vietnam	Illness – viral disease [418]
Beji Caid Essebsi	2019	Tunisia	President	Tunis	Tunisia	Illness [419]
ʻAkilisi Pōhiva		Tonga	Prime Minister	Auckland	New Zealand	Illness – pneumonia [420]
Pierre Nkurunziza	2020	Burundi	President	Karuzi	Burundi	Illness – cardiac arrest; [421] COVID-19 (suspected) [422]
Amadou Gon Coulibaly		Ivory Coast	Prime Minister	Abidjan	Ivory Coast	Illness – heart disease [423]
Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa		Bahrain	Prime Minister	Rochester	United States	Illness [424]
Ambrose Mandvulo Dlamini		Eswatini	Prime Minister	Johannesburg	South Africa	Illness – COVID-19 [425]
Hamed Bakayoko	2021	Ivory Coast	Prime Minister	Freiburg im Breisgau	Germany	Illness – cancer [426]
John Magufuli		Tanzania	President	Dar es Salaam	Tanzania	Illness – heart condition [427]
Idriss Déby		Chad	President	Tibesti	Chad	Killed in action [428]
Jovenel Moïse		Haiti	President	Port-au-Prince	Haiti	Assassination – shooting [429]
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan	2022 [430]	United Arab Emirates	President	Abu Dhabi	United Arab Emirates	Illness [431]
Hage Geingob	2024	Namibia	President	Windhoek	Namibia	Illness – cancer [432]
Ebrahim Raisi		Iran	President	Varzaqan	Iran	Accident – helicopter crash [433]
Nguyễn Phú Trọng		Vietnam	General Secretary of the Communist Party	Hanoi	Vietnam	Illness [434] [435]
Didier Guillaume	2025	Monaco	Minister of State	Nice	France	Illness [436]
Ahmed al-Rahawi		Yemen	Prime Minister [n]	Sanaa	Yemen	Assassination – airstrike [437]

See also

• List of assassinated and executed heads of state and government
• List of heads of state and government who took their own lives
• List of heads of state and government who died in aviation accidents and incidents
• List of presidents of the United States who died in office

Notes

1. Although Shastri's death was officially ruled a heart attack, several of his supporters and close relatives have suggested foul play and alleged that he was poisoned.
2. The exact circumstances of Allende's death were for long a subject of controversy, as it was disputed whether he had died by suicide or been assassinated by the Chilean Armed Forces while defending the presidential palace in Santiago during the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. In 2011, a Chilean court authorized the exhumation and autopsy of Allende's remains. A team of international experts concluded that Allende had shot himself with an AK-47 assault rifle, which seems to have put the controversy surrounding his death to rest.
3. It has long been suggested that the crash that killed Sá Carneiro was not accidental, with multiple parliamentary inquiries having been made into the case. In two of these, carried out in the 1990s and 2004, investigators claimed to have found evidence of an explosive device hidden inside the aircraft. ^{[290] [291]} In 2011, then-Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho noted that no categorical conclusion had been reached on the cause of the plane crash. ^[289]
4. Although the plane crash was ruled accidental, it has been suggested that Roldós – a firm supporter of human rights known for his opposition to Operation Condor – was the victim of an assassination. Multiple investigations were made into the crash, none of them being able to determine a definite cause; in relation to the latest investigation, carried out in 2015–16, it was found that several previously classified documents on the case had been destroyed, and that several parts of the remains of the aircraft had not been found. ^[296]
5. Although Shehu's cause of death was given as suicide brought on by depression, it is also possible that he was murdered after falling out of favor with Enver Hoxha.
6. The details surrounding Neves' death are not entirely clear. It was initially reported that he was suffering from temporary acute diverticulitis, a less serious condition, so as not to alarm the public ahead of his inauguration as President. A later report also stated that he had died from systemic inflammatory response syndrome, a condition unknown at the time.
7. It has been alleged that the plane crash was not accidental, and that South Africa, which was hostile to Machel's government at the time, was involved. Mozambique and the Soviet Union demanded an onsite investigation at the time, but South Africa, the third member of a tripartite commission formed after the crash, refused. ^[322]
8. Doe was captured and killed by forces of the Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia, led by Prince Johnson, in the First Liberian Civil War. Prior to his death, Doe was filmed while being questioned and tortured by rebel forces; his exact cause of death is not known for certain, but according to Johnson himself, Doe later died in a bathroom at Johnson's mansion from loss of blood.
9. It has been alleged that Özal was actually poisoned by elements of the Turkish "deep state". An investigation of foul play in his death was made in 2012; an exhumation of his remains revealed traces of insecticides, pesticides and radioactive elements. However, prosecutors said the levels of toxins were normal. ^[345] A trial charging retired army general Levent Ersöz with the murder of Özal began in September 2013; Ersöz was acquitted in November 2014. ^[346]
10. Disputed with Ali Mahdi Muhammad.
11. Some United States intelligence analysts stated there was evidence Abacha was poisoned. While one U.S. official flatly stated that the rumors were true, two others were quoted as saying the reports on his poisoning did not contain any firm evidence. ^[364]
12. Although his death was ruled a heart attack, it has been speculated that Douglas was assassinated by some Dominicans, including Douglas' son, Cabral. ^[372]
13. While Zhvania's cause of death was ruled as accidental carbon monoxide poisoning caused by a faulty heater in his apartment, it has been alleged that he was assassinated, including by relatives, and by Georgian ex-President Eduard Shevardnadze. ^{[385] [386]}
14. Disputed with Salem Saleh bin Braik.

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