Prime Minister of Iran

Last updated
Prime Minister of Iran
نخست‌وزیر ایران
Emblem of Iran.svg
Official standard
(1980–1989)
Amir Abbas Hoveyda portrait.jpg
Longest serving
Amir-Abbas Hoveyda

26 January 1965 – 7 August 1977 (1965-01-26 1977-08-07)
Type Head of government
StatusOffice abolished
Member of Cabinet of Iran
Supreme National Security Council
Residence Palace Abyaz
Palace Prime Minister
Nominator Parliament
President (1980-1989)
Appointer Shah (1906-1979)
Parliament (1980-1989)
Precursor Grand Vizier of Persia
Formation1 August 1906
First holder Mirza Nasrullah Khan
Final holder Mir-Hossein Mousavi
Abolished3 August 1989
Succession President of Iran

The prime minister of Iran was a political post that had existed in Iran (Persia) during much of the 20th century. It began in 1906 during the Qajar dynasty and into the start of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1923 and into the 1979 Iranian Revolution before being abolished in 1989.

Contents

History of the office

Qajar era

In the Qajar era, prime ministers were known by different titles. The post itself was mainly known as ataabak or ataabak-e a'zam (grand ataabak), or sometimes sadr-e a'zam (premier) at the beginning, but became ra'is ol-vozaraa (head of ministers) at the end. The title of nakhost vazir (prime minister) was rarely used. The prime minister was usually called by the honorific title hazrat-e ashraf. Reza Khan Sardar Sepah became the last prime minister of the Qajar dynasty in 1923.

For a list of Iranian 'prime ministers' prior to 1907 see List of grand viziers of Persia.

Pahlavi era

In 1925, Reza Shah became the Shah of Iran. He installed Mohammad Ali Foroughi as the prime minister. [1] In 1941 his son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi became Shah. He installed Mohammad-Ali Foroughi as the prime minister too. In 1951, Mohammad Mosaddegh became Prime Minister but was overthrown in a counter-coup d'état in 1953. Amir-Abbas Hoveyda became Prime minister of Iran in 1965 and remained in office until 1977. Shapour Bakhtiar was the last Prime Minister of the Pahlavi era.

Islamic Republic of Iran

After the Iranian Revolution of 1979, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini installed Mehdi Bazargan as the Prime Minister of an iterim government, which served until November 1979. The government resigned during the Iran hostage crisis, but mentioned that it has not been the sole reason, and the decision for mass resignation had been reached one day before the invasion of the United States embassy by the Iranian students.

The post was left empty until Abolhassan Banisadr became president in January 1980 and chose Mohammad-Ali Rajai as his prime minister, mainly because of pressures imposed by Majlis representatives, especially those close to the Islamic Republic Party. Rajai served in the post until Banisadr's impeachment in June 1981, and was elected as president in the elections of July 24, 1981. Rajai chose Mohammad Javad Bahonar as his prime minister, but they were assassinated together in the Prime Minister's office only a few weeks later on August 30, 1981.

When Ali Khamenei became president in the elections of October 1981, he first introduced right-leaning Ali Akbar Velayati to the Majlis as his prime minister, but he was voted down by the then left-leaning majority of the parliament, which then forced their preferred prime minister to Khamenei, namely Mir-Hossein Mousavi. The dispute finally ended following intervention by the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, who advised the president to accept Mousavi.

Mousavi served under the title until 1989, when the constitution was amended to abolish the title of Prime Minister and divide his responsibilities between the president and a newly created title of first Vice President.

List of prime ministers

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reza Shah</span> Shah of Iran from 1925 to 1941

Reza Shah Pahlavi was an Iranian military officer and the founder of Pahlavi dynasty. As a politician, he previously served as minister of war and prime minister of Qajar Iran and subsequently reigned as shah of Pahlavi Iran from 1925 until he was forced to abdicate after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in 1941. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Mohammad Reza Shah. A modernizer, Reza Shah clashed with the Shia clergy, but also introduced many social, economic, and political reforms during his reign, ultimately laying the foundation of the modern Iranian state. Therefore, he is regarded by many as the founder of modern Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohammad-Ali Rajai</span> Second President of Iran (August 1981)

Mohammad-Ali Rajai was the second president of Iran from 2 August 1981 until his death. He served also as prime minister under Abolhassan Banisadr. In addition, Rajai was minister of foreign affairs from 11 March 1981 to 15 August 1981, while he was prime minister. He was assassinated in a bombing on 30 August 1981 along with prime minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmad Shah Qajar</span> Shah of Iran from 1909 to 1925

Ahmad Shah Qajar was Shah of Persia (Iran) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.

Presidential elections were held in Iran on 24 July 1981 after the previous Iranian president, Abolhassan Banisadr, was impeached by the Majlis on 21 June and then sacked by the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, on 22 June. The elections occurred after the Hafte Tir bombing, which killed Mohammad Beheshti and dozens of other Iranian officials on 28 June 1981. This led to the election of Mohammad Ali Rajai, the previous prime minister, winning 13,001,761 votes out of the 14,573,803 votes cast, which was 89% of the votes. The vote turnout was 65.29%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani</span> Iranian Ayatollah (1931–2014)

Ayatollah Mohammad Reza Mahdavi Kani was an Iranian Shia cleric, writer and conservative and principlist politician who was Acting Prime Minister of Iran from 2 September until 29 October 1981. Before that, he was Minister of Interior in the cabinets of Mohammad-Ali Rajai and Mohammad-Javad Bahonar. He was the leader of Combatant Clergy Association and Chairman of the Assembly of Experts and also founder and president of Imam Sadiq University.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohammad Ali Foroughi</span> Iranian diplomat and politlcian

Mohammad Ali Foroughi, also known as Zoka-ol-Molk, was a writer, freemason, diplomat and politician who served three terms as Prime Minister of Iran. He wrote numerous books on ancient Iranian history and is known for founding the Academy of Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mostowfi ol-Mamalek</span> Iranian politician

Mirza Hasan Ashtiani, commonly known by the bestowed title Mostowfi ol-Mamalek was an Iranian politician who served as Prime Minister on six occasions from 1910 to 1927.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmad Amir-Ahmadi</span> Iranian military leader and cabinet Minister of Iran

Lieutenant general Ahmad Amir-Ahmadi was an Iranian military leader and cabinet Minister of Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmad Qavam</span> Iranian politician

Ahmad Qavam, also known as Qavam os-Saltaneh, was an Iranian politician who served as Prime Minister of Iran five times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vosugh od-Dowleh</span> Prime Minister of Iran (1868–1951)

Hassan Vossug ed Dowleh was an Iranian politician who served as the Prime Minister of Iran twice. He was the older brother of Ahmad Qavam, who also served as Prime Minister.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hassan Ali Mansur</span> Iranian politician (1923–1965)

Hasan Ali Mansur was an Iranian politician who served as Prime Minister from 1964 to 1965. He served during the White Revolution of the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and was assassinated by a member of the Fada'iyan-e Islam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1989 Iranian constitutional referendum</span>

A constitutional referendum was held in Iran on 28 July 1989, alongside presidential elections. Allegedly approved by 97.6% of voters, it was the first and so far only time the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been amended. It made several changes to articles 5, 107, 109, 111, and added article 176. It eliminated the need for the Supreme Leader (rahbar) of the country to be a marja or chosen by popular acclaim, it eliminated the post of prime minister, and it created a Supreme National Security Council.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the Iranian Revolution</span>

This article is a timeline of events relevant to the Islamic Revolution in Iran. For earlier events refer to Pahlavi dynasty and for later ones refer to History of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This article doesn't include the reasons of the events and further information is available in Islamic revolution of Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mausoleum of Reza Shah</span> Burial ground of Reza Shah Pahlavi

The mausoleum of Reza Shah, located in Ray south of Tehran, was the burial ground of Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878–1944), the penultimate Shahanshah (Emperor) of Iran. It was built close to Shah-Abdol-Azim shrine.

Premiership of Mir-Hossein Mousavi were the third and fourth government of Iran after the Iranian Revolution. At that time, Ali Khamenei was the president.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amirteymour Kalali</span> Iranian statesman and aristocrat (1895–1988)

Amirteymour Kalali, also known as Sardar Nosrat, was a prominent Iranian statesman and aristocrat. He served as the minister of interior and minister of labour in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh. He was a member of the Parliament of Iran for nine terms.

The following lists events that happened during 1981 in Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces</span> Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces

The position of Commander-in-Chief (Farmandehe Koll-e Qova, formerly known as Bozorg Arteshtārān is the ultimate authority of all the Armed Forces of Iran, and the highest possible military position within the Islamic Republic of Iran. The position was established during the Persian Constitutional Revolution. According to the Constitution of Iran, the position is vested in the Supreme Leader of Iran and is held since 1981.

References

  1. Gholam Reza Afkhami (27 October 2008). The Life and Times of the Shah. University of California Press. p. 35. ISBN   978-0-520-25328-5 . Retrieved 4 November 2012.

Sources

Head of government of Iran
Preceded by Prime Minister of Iran
1906–1989
Succeeded by