Chongqing

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Chongqing
重庆
Chungking
Municipality
Chongqing Nightscape.jpg
Chongqing Art Museum at 20150313.jpg
Li Zi Ba Zhan Qing Gui Chuan Lou 0023.png
Jiefangbei night.jpg
Three Gorges Fengjie - Mapillary (mkhHcHvG67RUe3kO72ZRq4).jpg
2023-06-23 Zhong Qing Hu Guang Hui Guan 02.jpg
Zhong Qing Shi Ren Min Da Li Tang Zheng Men .jpg
Chongqing
Chongqing in China (+all claims hatched).svg
Location of Chongqing Municipality within China
Coordinates(Chongqing municipal government): 29°33′49″N106°33′01″E / 29.5637°N 106.5504°E / 29.5637; 106.5504
Country China
Settledc. 316 BC
Separated from Sichuan 14 March 1997
Municipal seat Yuzhong District
Divisions
 - County-level
 - Township-level 		26 districts, 12 counties
Government
 • Type Municipality
 • Body Chongqing Municipal People's Congress
 •  Party Secretary Yuan Jiajun
 •  Congress Chairperson Wang Jiong
 •  Mayor Hu Henghua
 • Municipal CPPCC Chairperson Cheng Lihua
 •  National People's Congress Representation58 deputies
Area
[1]
 • Municipality82,403 km2 (31,816 sq mi)
 • Built up area5,472.8 km2 (2,113.1 sq mi)
Elevation
244 m (801 ft)
Highest elevation
(Yintiao Ling  [ zh ])
2,797 m (9,177 ft)
Population
 (2020 census (total), 2018 (otherwise)) [2]
 • Municipality32,054,159
 • Density390/km2 (1,000/sq mi)
 •  Urban
22,251,500 [note 1] [3]
 • Built up area
9,580,770 [4]
GDP(2023) [5]
 •  Municipality CN¥ 3,015 billion (17th)
US$ 428 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 94,135 (10th)
US$ 13,359
Time zone UTC+8 (CST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+9 (CDT)
Postal codes
4000 00 – 4099 00
Area code 23
ISO 3166 code CN-CQ
 – GrowthIncrease2.svg 2.6%
AbbreviationCQ /渝; Yú
Climate Cfa
HDI (2022)0.795 [6] (9th) – high
Website
Symbols
Flower Camellia japonica [7]
Tree Ficus lacor [8]
   Former Prefecture-Level City of Chongqing
   Former Prefecture of Fuling
   Former Prefecture of Wanxian
   Former Prefecture of Qianjiang
Chongqing
Chongqing (Chinese characters).svg
"Chongqing" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
  Districts composing the Main urban area of Chongqing city
     Districts
   Counties
  Autonomous Counties

Geography

Map including Chongqing (labeled as Zhong Qing CH'UNG-CH'ING (CHUNGKING)) (AMS, 1954) Txu-oclc-10552568-nh48-12.jpg
Map including Chongqing (labeled as 重慶 CH'UNG-CH'ING (CHUNGKING)) (AMS, 1954)

Physical geography and topography

Topography of Chongqing Chongqing Map.png
Topography of Chongqing

Chongqing is located in the subtropics, situated in the transitional area between the Tibetan Plateau and the plain on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze. Its climate features frequent monsoon conditions, often raining at night in late spring and early summer. The city's "night rain in the Ba Mountains", features in poems throughout Chinese history, including "Written on a Rainy Night—A Letter to the North" by Li Shangyin. [50] Its territory is 470 km (290 mi) from east to west at its longest, and 450 km (280 mi) from north to south at its widest. [51] It borders Hubei and Hunan to the east, Sichuan and Shaanxi to the north, and Guizhou to the south. [52]

The Qutang Gorge on the Yangtze Baidicheng view Fengjie - Mapillary (ZsSRPZW9wVqEzptb5peJrY).jpg
The Qutang Gorge on the Yangtze

Chongqing covers a large area crisscrossed by rivers and mountains. The Daba Mountains stand in the north, the Wu Gorge in the east, the Wuling Mountains in the southeast, and the Dalou Mountains in the south. The area slopes downward from north to south towards the Yangtze valley, and features a large massif of mountains and hills, with steep sloping areas at different heights. [53] Karst landscape is common in this area, and stone forests, numerous collections of peaks, limestone caves and valleys can be found in many places. The Longshuixia Gap (龙水峡地缝), with its Three Natural Bridges, has made the region a popular tourist attraction. The Yangtze River runs through the whole area from west to east, covering a course of 665 km (413 mi), cutting through the Wu Mountains at three places and forming the well-known Three Gorges: the Qutang, Wuxia and Xiling gorges. [54] Coming from northwest and running through "the Jialing Lesser Three Gorges" of Libi, Wentang and Guanyin, the Jialing River joins the Yangtze in Chongqing. [55]

Leaving at dawn the White Emperor crowned with cloud,
I've sailed a thousand li through canyons in a day.
With the monkeys' adieus the riverbanks are loud,
My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away.

— Li Bai's Poem of Chongqing's Baidi Cheng

The central urban area of Chongqing, called Chongqing proper, is built on mountains and partially surrounded by the Yangtze and Jialing rivers. With its special topography, Chongqing's topography includes mountains, rivers, forests, springs, waterfalls, gorges, and caves. The Tang dynasty poet Li Bai was inspired by the natural scenery and wrote this epigram. [56]

The Zhongliang (中梁山) and Tongluo (铜锣山) mountains roughly form the eastern and western boundaries of Chongqing's urban area. Several high mountains are situated outside central Chongqing, including the 1,709.4 m (5,608 ft)-high Wugong Ling Mountain in Jiangjin.[ citation needed ]

Climate

In the spring and fall, downtown Chongqing is often enshrouded in fog. Chongqing in fog 20140822.jpg
In the spring and fall, downtown Chongqing is often enshrouded in fog.

Chongqing has a monsoonal humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), bordering on a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) and for most of the year experiences very high relative humidity, with all months above 75%. Known as one of the "Three Furnaces" of the Yangtze River, along with Wuhan and Nanjing, its summers are long and among the hottest and most humid in China, with highs of 34 °C (93 °F) in July and August in the urban area. [57] Winters are short and somewhat mild, but damp and overcast. The city's location in the Sichuan Basin causes it to have one of the lowest annual sunshine totals nationally, at only 983 hours, lower than much of Northern Europe; the monthly percent possible sunshine in the city proper ranges from a mere 5% in January to 43% in August. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −1.8 °C (29 °F) on 11 January 1955 (unofficial record of −2.5 °C (27 °F) was set on 8 February 1943) to 43.7 °C (111 °F) on 18 and 19 August 2022 [58] (unofficial record of 44.0 °C (111 °F) was set on 8 and 9 August 1933). [59]

Chongqing, with over 100 days of fog per year, [60] is known as the "Fog City" (雾都); this is because in the spring and fall, a thick layer of fog enshrouds it for 68 days per year. [61] [62] During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), this special weather possibly played a role in protecting the city from being overrun by the Imperial Japanese Army.

Climate data for Chongqing (Shapingba District), elevation 259 m (850 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)18.8
(65.8)		27.6
(81.7)		34.0
(93.2)		36.5
(97.7)		38.9
(102.0)		39.8
(103.6)		42.0
(107.6)		43.7
(110.7)		42.0
(107.6)		37.4
(99.3)		29.6
(85.3)		21.5
(70.7)		43.7
(110.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)10.4
(50.7)		13.6
(56.5)		18.6
(65.5)		23.9
(75.0)		27.4
(81.3)		29.8
(85.6)		33.7
(92.7)		33.9
(93.0)		28.5
(83.3)		22.0
(71.6)		17.3
(63.1)		11.7
(53.1)		22.6
(72.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)8.1
(46.6)		10.4
(50.7)		14.5
(58.1)		19.2
(66.6)		22.6
(72.7)		25.4
(77.7)		28.9
(84.0)		28.9
(84.0)		24.4
(75.9)		18.9
(66.0)		14.5
(58.1)		9.5
(49.1)		18.8
(65.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)6.4
(43.5)		8.3
(46.9)		11.7
(53.1)		16.0
(60.8)		19.4
(66.9)		22.4
(72.3)		25.4
(77.7)		25.3
(77.5)		21.5
(70.7)		16.8
(62.2)		12.5
(54.5)		8.0
(46.4)		16.1
(61.0)
Record low °C (°F)−1.8
(28.8)		−0.8
(30.6)		1.2
(34.2)		2.8
(37.0)		10.8
(51.4)		15.5
(59.9)		19.2
(66.6)		17.8
(64.0)		14.3
(57.7)		6.9
(44.4)		0.7
(33.3)		−1.7
(28.9)		−1.8
(28.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)20.7
(0.81)		22.4
(0.88)		55.6
(2.19)		103.4
(4.07)		142.5
(5.61)		212.1
(8.35)		174.2
(6.86)		125.7
(4.95)		124.7
(4.91)		95.3
(3.75)		50.4
(1.98)		24.7
(0.97)		1,151.7
(45.33)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)10.08.911.513.616.016.011.311.512.615.811.310.6149.1
Average snowy days0.20.10000000000.10.4
Average relative humidity (%)82787575767973707784838478
Mean monthly sunshine hours 16.632.972.8105.8109.798.7169.3175.2102.646.635.018.0983.2
Percent possible sunshine 510192726244043281311621
Average ultraviolet index 4681011121211107548
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration [63] [64] [65]
Source 2: Weather Atlas (uv) [66]
Climate data for Chongqing (Yubei District), elevation 465 m (1,526 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)16.8
(62.2)		23.7
(74.7)		32.3
(90.1)		34.1
(93.4)		36.1
(97.0)		35.6
(96.1)		38.7
(101.7)		41.7
(107.1)		40.9
(105.6)		33.1
(91.6)		27.7
(81.9)		17.9
(64.2)		41.7
(107.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)8.9
(48.0)		12.0
(53.6)		16.9
(62.4)		22.2
(72.0)		25.6
(78.1)		28.0
(82.4)		32.0
(89.6)		32.3
(90.1)		27.0
(80.6)		20.6
(69.1)		16.0
(60.8)		10.2
(50.4)		21.0
(69.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)6.7
(44.1)		9.0
(48.2)		13.2
(55.8)		18.0
(64.4)		21.4
(70.5)		24.1
(75.4)		27.6
(81.7)		27.6
(81.7)		23.1
(73.6)		17.7
(63.9)		13.2
(55.8)		8.0
(46.4)		17.5
(63.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)5.1
(41.2)		7.1
(44.8)		10.6
(51.1)		15.0
(59.0)		18.4
(65.1)		21.3
(70.3)		24.2
(75.6)		24.1
(75.4)		20.4
(68.7)		15.7
(60.3)		11.4
(52.5)		6.5
(43.7)		15.0
(59.0)
Record low °C (°F)−7.4
(18.7)		0.2
(32.4)		0.0
(32.0)		4.9
(40.8)		9.6
(49.3)		14.0
(57.2)		18.2
(64.8)		17.4
(63.3)		13.2
(55.8)		6.2
(43.2)		2.6
(36.7)		−2.8
(27.0)		−7.4
(18.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches)19.6
(0.77)		22.6
(0.89)		55.2
(2.17)		101.2
(3.98)		154.8
(6.09)		205.6
(8.09)		167.4
(6.59)		130.9
(5.15)		129.3
(5.09)		104.8
(4.13)		52.4
(2.06)		24.4
(0.96)		1,168.2
(45.97)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)9.99.412.014.116.516.212.310.913.016.711.911.2154.1
Average snowy days1.00.40000000000.21.6
Average relative humidity (%)83797576827572798584857980
Mean monthly sunshine hours 35.945.585.8116.9126112195.8208.4127.770.459.434.91,218.7
Percent possible sunshine 11142330302746513520191126
Source: China Meteorological Administration [67] [68]
Climate data for NE Chongqing (Wushan County), elevation 276 m (906 ft), (1991–2014 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)21.8
(71.2)		27.5
(81.5)		34.3
(93.7)		37.5
(99.5)		40.8
(105.4)		41.9
(107.4)		42.1
(107.8)		42.8
(109.0)		42.2
(108.0)		35.5
(95.9)		26.4
(79.5)		20.7
(69.3)		42.8
(109.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)10.9
(51.6)		13.6
(56.5)		18.6
(65.5)		24.3
(75.7)		27.9
(82.2)		31.3
(88.3)		34.1
(93.4)		34.3
(93.7)		29.7
(85.5)		23.6
(74.5)		18.3
(64.9)		12.4
(54.3)		23.2
(73.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)7.5
(45.5)		9.7
(49.5)		13.6
(56.5)		18.8
(65.8)		22.5
(72.5)		26
(79)		28.6
(83.5)		28.5
(83.3)		24.6
(76.3)		19.1
(66.4)		14.3
(57.7)		9.2
(48.6)		18.5
(65.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)5.0
(41.0)		7.0
(44.6)		10.0
(50.0)		14.8
(58.6)		18.7
(65.7)		22.2
(72.0)		24.7
(76.5)		24.5
(76.1)		21.1
(70.0)		16.1
(61.0)		11.5
(52.7)		6.9
(44.4)		15.2
(59.4)
Record low °C (°F)−2.1
(28.2)		−0.2
(31.6)		1.6
(34.9)		3.4
(38.1)		11.4
(52.5)		15.5
(59.9)		18.6
(65.5)		17.2
(63.0)		13.1
(55.6)		5.8
(42.4)		3.1
(37.6)		−3.4
(25.9)		−3.4
(25.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)10.9
(0.43)		24.9
(0.98)		42.6
(1.68)		87.5
(3.44)		142.2
(5.60)		143.4
(5.65)		166.7
(6.56)		132.4
(5.21)		108
(4.3)		86.2
(3.39)		46.9
(1.85)		14.9
(0.59)		1,006.6
(39.68)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)5.46.410.313.414.412.913.011.010.712.39.16.9125.8
Average snowy days1.50.50.2000000000.32.5
Average relative humidity (%)65636366707171676872716968
Mean monthly sunshine hours 74.171.9111.9133.7144.4156.7194.1202.6147.8117.1101.776.51,532.5
Percent possible sunshine 23233034343745504034322434
Source: China Meteorological Administration [69] [70]

Cityscape

Politics

The Great Hall of the People serves as the venue for major political conferences in Chongqing. Chongqing Great Hall of the People 2017.jpg
The Great Hall of the People serves as the venue for major political conferences in Chongqing.

Since 1997 Chongqing has been a direct-controlled municipality in the Chinese administrative structure, making it a provincial-level division with commensurate political importance. The municipality's leader is Secretary of the Municipal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, which since 2007, has also held a seat on the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, the country's second highest governing council. Under the USSR-inspired nomenklatura system of appointments, individuals are appointed to the position by the central leadership of the CCP and bestowed to an official based on seniority and adherence to party orthodoxy, usually given to an individual with prior regional experience elsewhere in China and nearly never a native of Chongqing. Notable individuals who have held the municipal Party Secretary position include He Guoqiang, Wang Yang, Bo Xilai, Zhang Dejiang, and Sun Zhengcai, the latter three were Politburo members during their term as party chief. The party chief heads the municipal party standing committee, the de facto top governing council of the municipality. The standing committee is typically composed of 13 individuals which includes the party chiefs of important subdivisions and other leading figures in the local party and government organization, as well as one military representative.

The municipal People's Government serves as the day-to-day administrative authority, and is headed by the mayor, who is assisted by numerous vice mayors and mayoral assistants. Each vice mayor is given jurisdiction over specific municipal departments. The mayor is the second-highest-ranking official in the municipality. The mayor usually represents the city when foreign guests visit. [71]

The municipality also has a Municipal People's Congress, theoretically elected by lower level People's Congresses. The People's Congress nominally appoints the mayor and approves the nominations of other government officials. The People's Congress, like those of other provincial jurisdictions, is generally seen as a symbolic body. It convenes in full once a year to approve party-sponsored resolutions and local regulations and duly confirm party-approved appointments. On occasion the People's Congress can be venues of discussion on municipal issues, although this is dependent on the actions of individual delegates. The municipal People's Congress is headed by a former municipal official, usually in their late fifties or sixties, with a lengthy prior political career in Chongqing. The municipal Political Consultative Conference (zhengxie) meets at around the same time as the People's Congress. Its role is to advise on political issues. The zhengxie is headed by a leader who is typically a former municipal or regional official with a lengthy career in the party and government bureaucracy.

Military

Chongqing was the wartime capital of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War (i.e., World War II), and from 1937 to 1945, [72] the seat of administration for the Republic of China's government before its departure to Nanjing and then Taiwan. [73] After the eventual defeat at the Battle of Wuhan General Chiang-Kai Shek and the army were forced to use it as base of resistance from 1938 onwards. [41] It also contains a military museum named after the Chinese Korean War hero Qiu Shaoyun. [74]

Chongqing used to be the headquarters of the 13th Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the two group armies that formerly comprised the Chengdu Military Region, which was reorganized into the Western Theater Command in 2016.[ citation needed ]

Administrative divisions

Chongqing is the largest of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the People's Republic of China. The municipality is divided into 38 subdivisions (3 were abolished in 1997, and Wansheng and Shuangqiao districts were abolished in October 2011 [75] ), consisting of 26 districts, 8 counties, and 4 autonomous counties. The boundaries of Chongqing municipality reach much farther into the city's hinterland than the boundaries of the other three provincial level municipalities (Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin), and much of its administrative area, which spans over 80,000 km2 (30,900 sq mi), is rural. At the end of year 2018, the total population is 31.02 million. As of 2022, Chongqing is the largest Chinese city by urban population, with a population of 22.80 million. [15]

Administrative divisions of Chongqing
Division code [76] DivisionArea in km2 [77] Total population 2010 [78] Urban area
population 2010 [79] 		SeatPostal codeSubdivisions [80]
Subdistricts Towns Townships
[n 1] 		Ethnic townships Residential communities Villages
500000Chongqing8240328,846,17015295803 Yuzhong 4000001815672331423245235
500101 Wanzhou 34571,563,050859,662 Chenjiaba Subdistrict 4040001129102187448
500102 Fuling 29461,066,714595,224 Lizhi Subdistrict 4080008126108310
500103 Yuzhong 23630,090 Qixinggang Subdistrict 4000001278
500104 Dadukou 102301,042280,512 Xinshancun Subdistrict 400000524832
500105 Jiangbei 221738,003672,545 Cuntan Subdistrict 400000938848
500106 Shapingba 3961,000,013900,568 Qinjiagang Subdistrict 40000018814086
500107 Jiulongpo 4311,084,419939,349 Yangjiaping Subdistrict 400000711107105
500108 Nan'an 263759,570683,717 Tianwen Subdistrict 400000778561
500109 Beibei 754680,360501,822 Beiwenquan Subdistrict 40070051263117
500110 Qijiang 27471,056,817513,935 Gunan Subdistrict 40080052599365
500111 Dazu 1433721,359315,183 Tangxiang Subdistrict 400900324103197
500112 Yubei 14521,345,410985,918 Shuangfengqiao Subdistrict 4011001412155215
500113 Banan 1834918,692669,269 Longzhouwan Subdistrict 40130081487198
500114 Qianjiang 2397445,012173,997 Chengxi Subdistrict 4097006121280138
500115 Changshou 1423770,009408,261 Fengcheng Subdistrict 40120041431223
500116 Jiangjin 32001,233,149686,189 Jijiang Subdistrict 40220042485180
500117 Hechuan 23561,293,028721,753 Nanjin Street Subdistrict 40150072361327
500118 Yongchuan 15761,024,708582,769 Zhongshan Road Subdistrict 40210071652208
500119 Nanchuan 2602534,329255,045 Dongcheng Subdistrict 4084003151558185
500120 Bishan 912586,034246,425 Bicheng Subdistrict 4027006943142
500151 Tongliang 1342600,086248,962 Bachuan Subdistrict 40250032557269
500152 Tongnan 1585639,985247,084 Guilin Subdistrict 40260022021281
500153 Rongchang 1079661,253271,232 Changyuan Subdistrict 4024006157592
500154 Kaizhou 39591,160,336416,415 Hanfeng Subdistrict 405400726778435
500155 Liangping 1890687,525235,753 Liangshan Subdistrict 405200226733310
500156 Wulong 2872351,038115,823 Gangkou town4085001210424184
500229 Chengkou Co. 3286192,96749,039 Gecheng Subdistrict 405900261722184
500230 Fengdu Co. 2896649,182224,003 Sanhe Subdistrict 408200223553277
500231 Dianjiang Co. 1518704,458241,424 Guixi Subdistrict 408300223262236
500233 Zhong Co. 2184751,424247,406 Zhongzhou town404300225149317
500235 Yunyang Co. 3634912,912293,636 Shuangjiang Subdistrict 40450042215187391
500236 Fengjie Co. 4087834,259269,302 Yong'an town404600198454332
500237 Wushan Co. 2958495,072148,597 Gaotang Subdistrict 4047001112230308
500238 Wuxi Co. 4030414,073105,111 Baichang Subdistrict 4058002151638292
500240 Shizhu Co. 3013415,050134,173 Nanbin town409100171529213
500241 Xiushan Co. 2450501,590150,566 Zhonghe Subdistrict 409900141859208
500242 Youyang Co. 5173578,058137,635 Taohuayuan town40980015238270
500243 Pengshui Co. 3903545,094137,409 Hanjia Subdistrict 409600112855241
  1. ↑ Including other township related subdivisions.

Urban areas

Population by urban areas of districts
#CityUrban area [79] District area [79] Census date
1Chongqing [i] 6,263,7907,457,5992010-11-01
2 Wanzhou 859,6621,563,0502010-11-01
3 Hechuan 721,7531,293,0282010-11-01
4 Jiangjin 686,1891,233,1492010-11-01
5 Fuling 595,2241,066,7142010-11-01
6 Yongchuan 582,7691,024,7082010-11-01
7 Qijiang [ii] 513,9351,056,8172010-11-01
(8) Kaizhou [iii] 416,4151,160,3362010-11-01
9 Changshou 408,261770,0092010-11-01
10 Dazu [iv] 315,183721,3592010-11-01
(11) Rongchang [v] 271,232661,2532010-11-01
12 Nanchuan 255,045534,3292010-11-01
(13) Tongliang [vi] 248,962600,0862010-11-01
(14) Tongnan [vii] 247,084639,9852010-11-01
(15) Bishan [viii] 246,425586,0342010-11-01
(16) Liangping [ix] 235,753687,5252010-11-01
17 Qianjiang 173,997445,0122010-11-01
(18) Wulong [x] 115,823351,0382010-11-01
  1. ↑ Chongqing core districts are consist of nine districts: Yuzhong, Dadukou, Jiangbei, Shapingba, Jiulongpo, Nan'an, Beibei, Yubei, & Banan.
  2. ↑ Wansheng District & Qijiang County currently known as Qijiang District after census.
  3. ↑ Kaizhou County is currently known as Kaizhou District after census.
  4. ↑ Shuangqiao District & Dazu County currently known as Dazu District after census.
  5. ↑ Rongchang County is currently known as Rongchang District after census.
  6. ↑ Tongliang County is currently known as Tongliang District after census.
  7. ↑ Tongnan County is currently known as Tongnan District after census.
  8. ↑ Bishan County is currently known as Bishan District after census.
  9. ↑ Liangping County is currently known as Liangping District after census.
  10. ↑ Wulong County is currently known as Wulong District after census.

a Indicates with which district the division was associated below prior to the merging of Chongqing, Fuling, Wanxian (now Wanzhou) and Qianjiang in 1997.

Central Chongqing

Jiefangbei CBD, Yuzhong Peninsula of Chongqing at dusk A View of Chongqing Central Business District.jpg
Jiefangbei CBD, Yuzhong Peninsula of Chongqing at dusk

The main urban area of Chongqing city (重庆主城区) spans approximately 5,473 km2 (2,113 sq mi), and includes the following nine districts: [81] [82]

  • Yuzhong District (渝中区, literally "Central Chongqing District"), the central and most densely populated district, where government and international business offices and the city's best shopping are located in the district's Jiefangbei CBD area. Yuzhong is located on the peninsula surrounded by Eling Hill, Yangtze River and Jialing River.
  • Jiangbei District (江北区, literally "North of the River District"), located to the north of Jialing River.
  • Shapingba District (沙坪坝区), roughly located between Jialing River and Zhongliang Mountain.
  • Jiulongpo District (九龙坡区), roughly located between Yangtze River and Zhongliang Mountain.
  • Nan'an District (南岸区, literally "Southern Bank District"), located on the south side of Yangtze River.
  • Dadukou District (大渡口区)
  • Banan District (巴南区, literally "Southern of Ba District"). Previously called Ba County, and changed to the current name in 1994.
  • Yubei District (渝北区, or "Northern Chongqing District"). Previously called Jiangbei County, and changed into the current name in 1994.
  • Beibei District (北碚区), a satellite district northwest of Chongqing.

Demographics

Population

Jiefangbei (People's Liberation Monument), the landmark and center of Chongqing Jiefangbei (People's Liberation Monument).jpg
Jiefangbei (People's Liberation Monument), the landmark and center of Chongqing
Historical population
YearPop.±%
19491,003,000—    
19796,301,000+528.2%
198313,890,000+120.4%
199615,297,000+10.1%
1997 [83] *28,753,000+88.0%
2000 [83] 28,488,200−0.9%
2005 [83] 27,980,000−1.8%
2008 [83] 28,390,000+1.5%
2012 [83] 28,846,170+1.6%
2013 [83] 29,700,000+3.0%
2014 [84] 29,914,000+0.7%
2015 [85] 30,170,000+0.9%
*Population size in 1997 was affected by expansion of administrative divisions.

According to the 2020 national census, Chongqing has a population of 32,054,159, accounting for around 2.27% of the national total. [86] This makes it the most populous city proper in the world. [87] As of 2010, the metropolitan area encompassing the central urban area was estimated by the OECD to have, a population of 17 million. [88] [89] [90]

The Census also lists the male percentage as 50.55% and the female percentage as 49.55%. In terms of age distribution, of the total population, 15.91% were age 0–14, 62.22% were 15–64, and 21.87% were 65 and over. Of the population's highest education level achieved, 15.41% were college, 15.96% were high school, 30.58% were middle school, and 29.89% were elementary school. [86] As of 2021, 70.4% of Chongqing's population is estimated to be urban, and 29.6%. [86]

Religion

Religion in Chongqing [91] [note 2]

   Chinese ancestral religion (26.63%)
   Christianity (1.05%)
  Other or no religion [note 3] (72.32%)

The predominant religions in Chongqing are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 26.63% of the population practices Chinese ancestral religion, while 1.05% of the population identifies as Christian. [91]

The reports did not give figures for other types of religion; 72.32% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, or folk religious sects.

In 2010, there were 9,056 Muslims in Chongqing. [92]

Large statue on hilltop at Fengdu Ghost City.JPG
The Jade Emperor at the Fengdu Ghost City
Zhong Qing Hua Yan Si Jie Yin Dian Pai Fang .JPG
Buddhist temple in Jiulongpo

Economy

Chongqing was a major recipient of China's investment in industrial capacity during the Third Front campaign. [93] : 298 

There has been a massive government push to transform Chongqing into the region's economic, trade, and financial center and use the municipality as a platform to open up the country's western interior to further development. [94] Chongqing is facing rapid urbanization. For instance, statistics suggest that new construction added approximately 137,000 m2 (1,470,000 sq ft) daily of usable floor space to satisfy demands for residential, commercial and factory space. [95] Thus, Chongqing was separated from Sichuan province and made into a municipality in its own right on 14 March 1997 [96] in order to accelerate its development and subsequently China's relatively poorer western areas (see China Western Development strategy). [97] By the 2000s the city had become an important industrial area in western China. [98]

As of 2022, Chongqing's nominal GDP was US$433 billion (CN¥ 2.91 trilion), about 2.41% of the country's GDP and ranked 16th among province-level administrative units; the municipality's primary, secondary and tertiary industries were worth CN¥201.21 billion (US$29.92 billion), CN¥1.169 trillion (US$173.86 billion) and CN¥1.542 trillion (US$229.3 billion) respectively. Its nominal GDP per capita was US$13,479 (CN¥90,663) and ranked 10th in the country. [86]

Chongqing has been identified by the Economist Intelligence Unit in the November 2010 Access China White Paper as a member of the CHAMPS (Chongqing, Hefei, Anshan, Maanshan, Pingdingshan and Shenyang), an economic profile of the top 20 emerging cities in China. [99]

Traditionally, due to its geographic inaccessibility, Chongqing and Sichuan have both been important military bases in weapons research and development. [100] Even though Chongqing's industries are diversified, unlike eastern China, its export sector is small due to its relatively disadvantageous inland location. Instead, factories producing local-oriented consumer goods such as processed food, cars, chemicals, textiles, machinery, sports equipment and electronics are common.

Chongqing is China's third largest motor vehicle production center and the largest for motorcycles. In 2007, it had an annual output capacity of 1 million cars and 8.6 million motorcycles. [101] Leading makers of cars and motorbikes includes China's fourth biggest automaker; Changan Automotive Corp and Lifan Hongda Enterprise, as well as Ford Motor Company, with the US car giant having 3 plants in Chongqing. The municipality is also one of China's nine largest iron and steel producers in China as well as one of its three major aluminum producers. Important manufacturers include Chongqing Iron and Steel Company (重庆钢铁股份有限公司) and Southwest Aluminum (西南鋁業), which is Asia's largest aluminum plant. [102] Agriculture remains significant. Rice and fruits, especially oranges, are the area's main produce. Natural resources are also abundant with large deposits of coal, natural gas, and more than 40 kinds of minerals such as strontium and manganese. Coal reserves total approximately 4,800,000,000 metric tons (4.7×109 long tons; 5.3×109 short tons). Chuandong Natural Gas Field is China's largest inland gas field with deposits of around 270 billion m3 – more than 1/5 of China's total. Has China's largest reserve of strontium (China has the world's 2nd biggest strontium deposit). Manganese is mined in the Xiushan area. Although the mining sector has been denounced as heavily polluting and unsafe. [note 4] Chongqing is also planned to be the site of a 10 million ton capacity refinery operated by CNPC (parent company of PetroChina) to process imported crude oil from the Sino-Myanmar pipelines. The pipeline itself, though not yet finished, will eventually run from Sittwe (in Myanmar's western coast) through Kunming in Yunnan before reaching Chongqing [103] and it will provide China with fuels sourced from Myanmar, the Middle East and Africa. Recently, there has been a drive to move up the value chain by shifting towards high technology and knowledge intensive industries resulting in new development zones such as the Chongqing New North Zone (CNNZ). [104] Chongqing's local government is hoping through the promotion of favorable economic policies for the electronics and information technology sectors, that it can create a 400 billion RMB high technology manufacturing hub which will surpass its car industry and account for 25% of its exports. [105]

The city has also invested heavily in infrastructure to attract investment. [101] [106] The network of roads and railways connecting Chongqing to the rest of China has been expanded and upgraded reducing logistical costs. Furthermore, the nearby Three Gorges Dam which is the world's largest, supplies Chongqing with power and allows oceangoing ships to reach Chongqing's Yangtze River port. [107] These infrastructure improvements have led to the arrivals of numerous foreign direct investors (FDI) in industries ranging from car to finance and retailing; such as Ford, [108] Mazda, [109] HSBC, [110] Standard Chartered Bank, [111] Citibank, [112] Deutsche Bank, [113] ANZ Bank, [114] Scotiabank, [115] Wal-Mart, [116] Metro AG [117] and Carrefour, [118] among other multinational corporations.

Economic and technological development zones

The city includes a number of economic and technological development zones:

Chongqing itself is part of the West Triangle Economic Zone, along with Chengdu and Xi'an.

Education and research

As of 2022, Chongqing hosts 70 institutions of higher education (excluding adult colleges), making it the fourth city with the most higher education institutions nationwide and the first city in Western China, which comprises Chongqing, six provinces (Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai), and three autonomous regions (Tibet, Ningxia, and Xinjiang), with a combination of more than 290 million population. [127]

Chongqing is one of the top 40 cities in the world by scientific research outputs as tracked by the Nature Index. [26]

Colleges and universities

Chongqing University Zhong Qing Da Xue 3.jpg
Chongqing University

Notable high schools

International schools

Transportation

Since its elevation to national-level municipality in 1997, the city has dramatically expanded its infrastructure. With the construction of railways and expressways to the east and southeast, Chongqing is a major transportation hub in southwestern China.

As of October 2014, the municipality had 31 bridges across the Yangtze River including over a dozen in the city's urban core. [130] Aside from the city's first two Yangtze River bridges, which were built, respectively, in 1960 and 1977, all of the other bridges were completed since 1995.

Public transit

Chongqing Rail Transit

A train of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 coming through a residential building at Liziba station A train of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 coming through a residential building at Liziba.jpg
A train of Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 coming through a residential building at Liziba station
Hongyancun station on Line 9 Hongyancun Station Platform.jpg
Hongyancun station on Line 9

Public transport in Chongqing consists of metro, intercity railway, a ubiquitous bus system and the world's largest monorail network.

According to the Chongqing Municipal Government's ambitious plan in May 2007, Chongqing is investing 150 billion RMB over 13 years to finish a system that combines underground metro lines with heavy monorail.

As of 2017, four metro lines, the 14 km (8.7 mi) long CRT Line 1, a conventional subway, and the 19 km (12 mi) long heavy monorail CRT Line 2 (through Phase II), Line 3, a heavy monorail connects the airport and the southern part of downtown. [131] Line 6, runs between Beibei, a district in the city's far north to downtown. [132] Line 5 opened in late 2017.

By 2020 CRT will consist of 6 lines and 1 loop line resulting in 363.5 km (225.9 mi) of road and railway to the existing transportation infrastructure and 93 new metro stations will be added to the 111 stations that are already in place. [133]

By 2050, Chongqing will have as many as 18 lines that are planned to be in operation. [134] [ full citation needed ]

Aerial tramway

An aerial tramway across the Yangtze River in Chongqing CBD. (Photo by Chen Hualin) A aerial tramway across Yangtse river in Chongqing CBD Photo by Chen Hualin .jpeg
An aerial tramway across the Yangtze River in Chongqing CBD. (Photo by Chen Hualin)

Chongqing is the only Chinese city that has kept public aerial tramways. Historically there were three aerial tramways in Chongqing: the Yangtze River Tramway, the Jialing River Tramway and the South Mountain Tramway. Currently, only Yangtze River Tramway is still in operation, it is also considered a Class 4A Tourist Attraction. The 1,160-meter (3,810 ft)-long tramway connects the southern and northern banks of Yangtze River; its daily passenger volume is about 10,000.

Yangtze River Cableway An aerial tramway.jpg
Yangtze River Cableway

Rail

Chongqing North railway station Front South Square of Chongqingbei Railway Station.jpg
Chongqing North railway station

Major stations in Chongqing:

Chongqing is a major freight destination for rail with continued development with improved handling facilities. Due to subsidies and incentives, the relocation and construction of many factories in Chongqing has seen a huge increase in rail traffic.

Chongqing is a major rail hub regionally.

River port

Hydrofoil on the Yangtze in the outer reaches of the municipality YangtzeMeteor.jpg
Hydrofoil on the Yangtze in the outer reaches of the municipality

Chongqing is one of the most important inland ports in China. There are numerous luxury cruise ships that terminate at Chongqing, cruising downstream along the Yangtze River to Yichang, Wuhan, Nanjing or even Shanghai.[ citation needed ] In the recent past, this provided virtually the only transportation option along the river. However, improved rail, expressways and air travel have seen this ferry traffic reduced or cancelled altogether. Most of the river ferry traffic consists of leisure cruises for tourists rather than local needs. Improved access by larger cargo vessels has been made due to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. This allows bulk transport of goods along the Yangtze River. Coal, raw minerals and containerized goods provide the majority of traffic plying this section of the river. Several port handling facilities exist throughout the city, including many impromptu river bank sites. [135]

Highways

Traditionally, the road network in Chongqing has been narrow, winding and limited to smaller vehicles because of the natural terrain, large rivers and the huge population demands on the area, especially in the Yuzhong District. In other places, such as Jiangbei, large areas of homes and buildings have recently been cleared to improve the road network and create better urban planning; thus, several ring roads have also been constructed. This has seen many tunnels and large bridges needing to be built across the city. The construction of many expressways have connected Chongqing to its neighbors. The natural mountainous terrain that Chongqing is built on makes many road projects difficult to construct, including for example some of the world's highest road bridges. [136]

Unlike many other Chinese cities, it is rare for motorbikes, electric scooters or bicycles to be seen on Chongqing's Roads. This is due to the extremely hilly and mountainous nature of Chongqing's roads and streets. However, despite this, Chongqing is a manufacturing center for these types of vehicles. [137]

Bridges

View of Chaotianmen Bridge across the Yangtze River in Chongqing Chaotianmen Bridge.jpg
View of Chaotianmen Bridge across the Yangtze River in Chongqing

With so many bridges crossing the Yangtze and Jialing rivers in the urban area, Chongqing is sometimes known as the 'Bridge Capital of China'. The first important bridge in urban Chongqing was the Niujiaotuo Jialing River Bridge, built in 1958. The first bridge over the Yangtze river was the Shibanpo Yangtze River Bridge (or Chongqing Yangtze River Bridge) built in 1977.

As of 2014, within the area of the 9 districts, there were 20 bridges on the Yangtze river and 28 bridges on the Jialing river. The bridges in Chongqing exhibit a variety of shapes and structures, making Chongqing a showcase for bridge design.

Airports

Panorama of Chongqing Jiangbei Airport Terminal 3.JPG
Departure Level of Terminal 3, Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport

The major airport of Chongqing is Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport (IATA: CKG, ICAO: ZUCK). It is located in Yubei District. The airport offers a growing network of direct flights to China, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, North America, and Europe. It is located 21 km (13 mi) north of Downtown Chongqing and serves as an important aviation hub for southwest China. [138] Jiangbei airport is a hub for China Southern Airlines, Chongqing Airlines, Sichuan Airlines, China Express Airlines, Shandong Airlines and Hainan Airlines's new China West Air. Chongqing also is a focus city of Air China, therefore it is very well connected with Star Alliance and SkyTeam's international network. The airport currently has three parallel runways in operation. It serves domestic routes to most other Chinese cities, as well as international routes to Auckland, New York City, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Doha, Dubai, Seoul, Bangkok, Phuket, Osaka, Singapore, Chiang Mai, Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Malé, Bali, Tokyo, Kuala Lumpur, Batam, Rome and Helsinki. As of 2021, Jiangbei Airport was the 4th busiest airport in terms of passenger traffic in mainland China. [139]

Currently, Jiangbei airport has three terminals. Chongqing Airport has metro access (CRT Line 3 and Line 10) to its central city, and two runways in normal use. [140]

There are four other airports in Chongqing Municipality: Qianjiang Wulingshan Airport, Wanzhou Wuqiao Airport, Chongqing Xiannüshan Airport, and Chongqing Wushan Airport. They are all class 4C airports and serve passenger flights to domestic destinations including Beijing, Shanghai and Kunming.

Culture

Language

Zhongshan Ancient Town, Jiangjin, Chongqing Zhongshan Ancient Town, Jiangjin, Chongqing.jpg
Zhongshan Ancient Town, Jiangjin, Chongqing

The language native to Chongqing is Southwestern Mandarin. More precisely, the great majority of the municipality, save for Xiushan, speak Sichuanese, including the primary Chengdu-Chongqing dialect and Minjiang dialect spoken in Jiangjin and Qijiang. [141] There are also a few speakers of Xiang and Hakka in the municipality, due to the great immigration wave to the Sichuan region (湖廣填川) during the Ming and Qing dynasties. In addition, in parts of southeastern Chongqing, the Miao and Tujia languages are also used by some Miao and Tujia people. [142]

Tourism

Chongqing Grand Theater Chongqing Grand Theatre 01.jpg
Chongqing Grand Theater
Martyrs' Cemetery ChongqingMartyrsCemetery.jpg
Martyrs' Cemetery
Chongqing Art Museum Chongqing Art Museum Night.jpg
Chongqing Art Museum

As the provisional Capital of China for almost ten years (1937 to 1945), the city was also known as one of the three headquarters of the Allies during World War II, as well as being a strategic center of many other wars throughout China's history. Chongqing has many historic war-time buildings or sites, some of which have since been destroyed. These sites include the People's Liberation Monument, located in the center of Chongqing city. It used to be the highest building in the area, but is now surrounded and dwarfed by numerous shopping centers. Originally named the Monument for the Victory over Axis Armies, it is the only building in China for that purpose. [143] Today, the monument serves as a symbol for the city. The General Joseph W. Stilwell Museum, dedicated to General "Vinegar Joe" Stilwell, a World War II general. [144] the air force cemetery in the Nanshan area, in memory of those air force personnel killed during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), and the Red Rock Village Museum, a diplomatic site for the Communist Party in Chongqing led by Zhou Enlai during World War II, and Guiyuan, Cassia Garden, where Mao Zedong signed the "Double 10 (10 October) Peace Agreement" with the Kuomintang in 1945. [145]

The Hongya Cave (Hongya-dong) traditional Bayu-style stilted houses at Jiefangbei CBD 31487-Chongqing (30850455817).jpg
The Hongya Cave (Hongya-dong) traditional Bayu-style stilted houses at Jiefangbei CBD
The steep path up to the front gate of Fishing Town Fishingtown.jpg
The steep path up to the front gate of Fishing Town
Ciqikou ancient road in Shapingba District Cqk01.jpg
Ciqikou ancient road in Shapingba District

Cuisine

Chongqing food is part of Sichuan cuisine. Chongqing is known for its spicy food. Its food is normally considered numbing because of the use of Sichuan pepper, also known as Sichuan peppercorn, containing hydroxy alpha sanshool. Chongqing's city center has many restaurants and food stalls where meals often cost less than RMB10. Local specialties here include dumplings and pickled vegetables and, different from many other Chinese cuisines, Chongqing dishes are suitable for the solo diner as they are often served in small individual sized portions. [159] Among the delicacies and local specialties are these dishes:

Typical Chongqing hot pot served with minced shrimp, tripes, pork aorta, goose intestine, and kidney slices Red House hot pot Chongqing.jpg
Typical Chongqing hot pot served with minced shrimp, tripes, pork aorta, goose intestine, and kidney slices
Chongqing Xiao mian with peas and spicy bean paste Wan Za Mian .jpg
Chongqing Xiao mian with peas and spicy bean paste
Laziji is famous for its crispy texture. La Zi Ji (Chicken with Chiles) (2269517013).jpg
Laziji is famous for its crispy texture.

Media

The Chongqing People's Broadcast Station is Chongqing's largest radio station. [170] The only municipal-level TV network is Chongqing TV, claimed to be the 4th largest television station in China. [171] Chongqing TV broadcasts many local-oriented channels, and can be viewed on many TV sets throughout China.

Sports and recreation

Basketball

Chongqing Soaring Dragons became the 20th team playing in Chinese Basketball Association in 2013. They play at Datianwan Arena, in the same sporting complex as Datianwan Stadium. [172] The team moved to Beijing in 2015 and is currently known as Beijing Royal Fighters.

Soccer

Professional soccer teams in Chongqing include:

Chongqing Liangjiang Athletic was a professional Chinese soccer club that played in the Chinese Super League. They were owned by the Chongqing-based Lifan Group, which manufactures motorcycles, cars and spare parts. [173] Originally called Qianwei (Vanguard) Wuhan, the club formed in 1995 to take part in the recently developed, fully professional Chinese Soccer League. They would quickly rise to top tier of the system and experience their greatest achievement in winning the 2000 Chinese FA Cup, [174] and coming in fourth within the league. However, since then they have struggled to replicate the same success, and have twice been relegated from the top tier. [175]

Chongqing FC was a soccer club located in the city that competed in China League One, the country's second-tier soccer division, before being relegated to the China League Two, and dissolved due to a resultant lack of funds. [176]

Sport venues

Sport venues in Chongqing include:

  • The Chongqing Olympic Sports Center is a multipurpose stadium. It is currently used mostly for soccer matches, as it has a grass surface, and can hold 58,680. It was built in 2002 and was one of main venues for the 2004 AFC Asian Cup. [177]
  • Yanghe Stadium is a multiuse stadium that is currently used mostly for soccer matches. The stadium holds 32,000 people, and is the home of Chongqing Lifan in the Chinese Super League. The stadium was purchased by the Lifan Group in 2001 for RMB80 million and immediately replaced Datianwan Stadium as the home of Chongqing Lifan. [178]
  • Datianwan Stadium is a multipurpose stadium that is currently used mostly for soccer matches. The stadium has a capacity 32,000 people, and up until 2001 was the home of Chongqing Lifan. [179]

Cloud Valley

At the end of 2020, a collaboration between a Danish architecture firm and a Chinese tech company Terminus was announced, taking the form of an AI-controlled campus. The project is named Cloud Valley and aims to use sensors and WiFi-controlled devices to collect data on the city's residents and atmosphere, including weather and eating and sleeping habits. The AI will adapt devices to work in a way that fits the gathered information and improves residents' lives. [180]

Notable people

International relations

Consulates

ConsulateDateConsular District
Canada Consulate-General, Chongqing [181] 05.1998Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan
United Kingdom Consulate-General, Chongqing [181] 03.2000Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan
Cambodia Consulate-General, Chongqing [181] 12.2004Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi
Japan Consulate-General, Chongqing [181] 01.2005Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi
Philippines Consulate-General, Chongqing [181] 12.2008Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan
Hungary Consulate-General, Chongqing [181] 02.2010Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu
Ethiopia Consulate-General, Chongqing [181] 11.2011Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan
Italy Consulate-General, Chongqing [182] 12.2013Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan
Uruguay Consulate-General, Chongqing [183] 12.2019Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu

Twin towns – sister cities

Chongqing has sister city relationships with many cities of the world including:

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Total urban population in the municipality.
  2. ↑ The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015) [91] in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② folk traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people practicing ancestral worship are often classified into lineage "churches" and ancestral shrines). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, etc.) was not reported by Wang.
  3. ↑ This may include:
  4. ↑ A survey in 2005 by China's State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) found 13 firms in the manganese triangle had breached targets on the release of hexavalent chromium and ammonia-nitrogen – in the worst case, by a factor of 180. The cleanup ordered by SEPA resulted in firms closing and the expenditure of 280 million yuan.

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Shapingba is a district of Chongqing, People's Republic of China, formerly known as Shaci District during the Sino-Japanese War. It is one of the central parts of Chongqing and covers around 396 square kilometers, with 13 subdistricts and 11 towns. Shapingba is one of the most populated areas in Chongqing with a population of around one million.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yichang</span> Prefecture-level city in Hubei, Peoples Republic of China

Yichang, alternatively romanized as Ichang, is a prefecture-level city located in western Hubei province, China. Yichang had a population of 3.92 million people at the 2022 census, making it the third most populous city in Hubei. The city is famous for the Three Gorges, the Three Gorges Dam and the Gezhouba Dam, all three of which are located in Yiling District, one of the city's districts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jialing River</span> River in China

The Jialing River, formerly known by numerous other names, is a major tributary of the Yangtze River in the Sichuan Basin. It is named after the Jialing Valley in Feng County, Shaanxi through which it flows.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanchong</span> Prefecture-level city in Sichuan, Peoples Republic of China

Nanchong is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of Sichuan province, China, with an area of 12,479.96 km2 (4,818.54 sq mi). At the 2020 census it was home to 5,607,565 people, of whom 1,936,534 lived in the built-up area made of three urban districts. It is the second most populated city of Sichuan Province, after Chengdu. The administrative center is Shunqing District.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chongqing Rail Transit</span> Rapid transit system in Chongqing, China

The Chongqing Rail Transit is the rapid transit system in the city of Chongqing, China. In operation since 2005, it serves the transportation needs of the city's main business and entertainment downtown areas and inner suburbs. As of December 2023, CRT consisted of eleven lines, with a total track length of 523.68 km (325 mi). Lines 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 18, the Loop line and Jiangtiao line are conventional heavy-rail metro lines, while Lines 2 and 3 are high-capacity monorails. To keep up with urban growth, construction is under way on Line 18 and several other lines, in addition to extensions to Lines 5, 6 and 10.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport</span> Main commercial airport serving Chongqing, China

Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport is the main international airport serving the city of Chongqing in Southwestern China. It is located in Yubei, Chongqing, about 19 kilometres (12 mi) north of the Chongqing urban center.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nan'an, Chongqing</span> District in Chongqing, Peoples Republic of China

Nan'an District, is one of the six central districts of Chongqing municipality, China. It covers an area of 262.43 km2, with 44 km2 covered with forests and woods. It has an estimated population of 891,000 in late 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beibei, Chongqing</span> District in Chongqing, Peoples Republic of China

Beibei District is a district in the Chongqing municipality, People's Republic of China. A satellite town in the north of central Chongqing, Beibei got its name because of the huge rock that extends to the middle of Jialing River, and is known for its historical culture in the period of the Republic of China. It covers around 755 square kilometers (292 sq mi) and has a population of about 650,000 (2004).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yubei, Chongqing</span> District in Chongqing, Peoples Republic of China

Yubei District, literally meaning the north of Yu, is a district of Chongqing municipality, bordering Sichuan province to the north. Lianglu, which is a town administered by Yubei District, is where the Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport is located.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Changshou, Chongqing</span> District in Chongqing, Peoples Republic of China

Changshou is a district in Chongqing, China, located by the Yangtze river, with a history spanning several thousand years. Changshou is 80 km (50 mi) from the Yuzhong District of downtown Chongqing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bridges and tunnels across the Yangtze River</span>

The bridges and tunnels across the Yangtze River carry rail and road traffic across China's longest and largest river and form a vital part of the country's transportation infrastructure. The river bisects China proper from west to east, and every major north–south bound highway and railway must cross the Yangtze. Large urban centers along the river such as Chongqing, Wuhan, and Nanjing also have urban mass transit rail lines crossing the Yangtze.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Line 3 (Chongqing Rail Transit)</span> Monorail line of Chongqing Rail Transit

CRT Line 3 runs from north to south, linking the districts separated by Chongqing's two main rivers, the Yangtze and Jialing rivers. Built by Japan's ODA project, it uses Hitachi, Ltd. monorail vehicles and technology. The first phase of the line began construction on 5 April 2007. The initial segment from Lianglukou to Yuanyang opened on September 29, 2011, with a northern extension from Yuanyang to Jiangbei Airport opening on December 30, 2011 and a southern extension from Ertang to terminus Yudong on December 28, 2012. At 55.5 km (34.5 mi), plus 9.97 km (6.20 mi) for Konggang branch line opened on December 28, 2016, Line 3 is the longest single monorail in the world by track length. Line 3 is also the world's busiest monorail line with a daily ridership of over 675,000 passengers per day.

The Port of Chongqing is the port of the Chongqing municipality, laid out along the shores of the Yangtze, Jialing and Wujiang rivers. It is the deepest inland class I port in China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chongqing Science and Technology Museum</span> Science museum in Chongqing, China

The Chongqing Science and Technology Museum is a science museum in the Jiangbei District of Chongqing, China.

Twelve Views of Bayu are popular scenic views in and around the city of Chongqing, China. Ba and Yu are old names of Chongqing in Imperial times. Influenced by Eight Views of Xiaoxiang in Hunan Province, people in Chongqing listed their own most beloved views during the reign of the Tianshun Emperor of the Ming dynasty. Scenic views in the list changed throughout the history. Some scenic views appeared in earlier lists no longer exist in modern days due to the change of physical geography, landscapes and land-uses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">G5001 Chongqing Ring Expressway</span> Orbital road in Chongqing, China

The Chongqing Ring Expressway, designated as G5001 and also known as the Outer Ring Expressway, is a ring expressway around the main urban area of Chongqing, China.

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Preceded by Wartime Capital of China
Republic of China
21 November 1937 – 5 May 1946		Succeeded by
Preceded by Wartime Capital of China
Republic of China
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