Guizhou

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Guizhou
贵州
Province of Guizhou
Name transcription(s)
  Chinese贵州省 (Guìzhōu Shěng)
  AbbreviationGZ / or (pinyin :Qián or Guì)
Huangguoshu Waterfall in October 2020, Picture04.jpg
Zhaoxing10.JPG
Fanjingshan-new.jpg
Guiyang, Guizhou, China.jpg
Li Bo -Wo Long Ba  - panoramio.jpg
FAST Radio Telescope (captured from video).jpg
(clockwise from top)
Guizhou in China (+all claims hatched).svg
Map showing the location of Guizhou Province
Coordinates: 26°50′N106°50′E / 26.833°N 106.833°E / 26.833; 106.833
Country China
Named for Gui - Gui Mountains
zhou (prefecture)
Capital Guiyang
Largest city Zunyi
Divisions9 prefectures, 88 counties, 1539 townships
Government
  Type Province
  Body Guizhou Provincial People's Congress
   CPC Secretary Xu Lin
   Congress chairmanXu Lin
   Governor Li Bingjun
   CPPCC chairman Zhao Yongqing
Area
[1]
  Total176,167 km2 (68,018 sq mi)
  Rank 16th
Highest elevation2,900 m (9,500 ft)
Population
 (2020) [2]
  Total38,562,148
  Rank 17th
  Density220/km2 (570/sq mi)
   Rank 18th
Demographics
  Ethnic composition Han - 62%
Miao - 12%
Buyei - 8%
Dong - 5%
Tujia - 4%
Yi - 2%
Undistinguished - 2%
Gelao - 2%
Sui - 1%
  Languages and dialects Southwestern Mandarin
GDP [3]
  Total CN¥ 1.78 trillion
US$ 258 billion
  Per capitaCN¥ 52,321
US$ 7,779
ISO 3166 code CN-GZ
HDI (2019)Increase2.svg 0.685 [4]
medium · 30th
Website http://www.gzgov.gov.cn
(Simplified Chinese)
  1. /ɡwˈ/ [5] ; Chinese :贵州; formerly Kweichow
  2. 1 2 New district established after census: Bozhou (Zunyi County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  3. Bijie Prefecture is currently known as Bijie PLC after census; Bijie CLC is currently known as Qixingguan after census.
  4. 1 2 New district established after census: Pingba (Pingba County). The new district not included in the urban area & district area count of the pre-expanded city.
  5. Tongren Prefecture is currently known as Tongren PLC after census; Tongren CLC & Wanshan SD is currently known as Bijiang & Wanshan after census.
  6. Panxian County is currently known as Panzhou CLC after census.
  7. Xingren County is currently known as Xingren CLC after census.

Economy

Xijiang, a Miao settlement in Eastern Guizhou 1 xijiang panorama.jpg
Xijiang, a Miao settlement in Eastern Guizhou
Bapa Dong, a Dong village in Eastern Guizhou 1 bapa dong village 2015.jpg
Bapa Dong, a Dong village in Eastern Guizhou
Zhenyuan, a county in Eastern Guizhou 1 zhenyuan panorama 2015.jpg
Zhenyuan, a county in Eastern Guizhou

As of the mid-19th century, Guizhou exported mercury, gold, iron, lead, tobacco, incense and drugs. [32]

Its natural industry includes timber and forestry. [33] Guizhou is also the third largest producer of tobacco in China, and home to the well-known brand Guizhou Tobacco. [34] Other important industries in the province include energy (electricity generation) - a large portion of which is exported to Guangdong and other provinces [34] - and mining, especially in coal, limestone, arsenic, gypsum, and oil shale. [33] Guizhou's total output of coal was 118 million tons in 2008, a 7% growth from the previous year. [35] Guizhou's export of power to Guangdong equaled 12% of Guangdong's total power consumption. Over the next 5 years Guizhou hopes to increase this by as much as 50%. [36]

Historically, Guizhou was a poorer province with lagging development. [23] :61 The digital economy has grown significantly since 2015 and as of at least 2023 continues to develop Guizhou's growing reputation as a center for big data in China. [23] :61

Transportation

The Beipan River Bridge on the Liupanshui-Baiguo Railway in western Guizhou is the highest railway bridge in the world. Beipanjiang Railway Bridge-4.jpg
The Beipan River Bridge on the Liupanshui–Baiguo Railway in western Guizhou is the highest railway bridge in the world.

In 2017, Sun Zhigang, the governor of Guizhou, announced plans to build 10,000 kilometres (6,210 mi) of highways, 600 kilometres (370 mi) of inland waterways, 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) of high-speed rail lines, and 17 airports in three years, in an effort to boost tourism in the province. [37] Guizhou has continued to develop transportation infrastructure (as well as other infrastructure such as electric, water, and broadband infrastructure) to support the growing big data-related sections of the economy. [23] :61

Rail

Guizhou's rail network consists primarily of a cross formed by the Sichuan–Guizhou, Guangxi–Guizhou and Shanghai–Kunming railways, which intersect at the provincial capital, Guiyang, near the center of the province. The Liupanshui–Baiguo, Pan County West and Weishe–Hongguo railways form a rail corridor along Guizhou's western border with Yunnan. This corridor connects the Neijiang–Kunming railway, which dips into northwestern Guizhou at Weining, with the Nanning–Kunming railway, which skirts the southwestern corner of Guizhou at Xingyi.[ citation needed ]

As of 2018, Shanghai–Kunming and Guiyang–Guangzhou high-speed railways are operational. Chengdu–Guiyang high-speed railway is under construction.

Demographics

Guizhou
Guizhou (Chinese characters).svg
"Guizhou" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1912 [38] 9,665,000    
1928 [39] 14,746,000+2.68%
1936-37 [40] 9,919,000−4.84%
1947 [41] 10,174,000+0.23%
1954 [42] 15,037,310+5.74%
1964 [43] 17,140,521+1.32%
1982 [44] 28,552,997+2.88%
1990 [45] 32,391,066+1.59%
2000 [46] 35,247,695+0.85%
2010 [47] 34,746,468−0.14%
2020 [48] 38,562,148+1.05%

In 1832, the population was estimated at five million. [32]

Guizhou is demographically one of China's most diverse provinces. Minority groups account for more than 37% of the population and they include Miao (including Gha-Mu and A-Hmao), Yao, Yi, Qiang, Dong, Zhuang, Bouyei, Bai, Tujia, Gelao and Sui. 55.5% of the province area is designated as autonomous regions for ethnic minorities. Guizhou is the province with the highest fertility rate in China, standing at 2.19 (urban: 1.31; rural: 2.42). [49]

Ethnic minorities areas in Guizhou.png
Major autonomous areas within Guizhou, excluding Hui.
Longhorn Miao China.jpg
The long-horn tribe, one of the small branches of Miao living in the twelve villages near Zhijin County, Guizhou. The wooden horns remain daily attire for most women.
1 zhaoxing 2015.jpg
The Dong village of Zhaoxing

Religion

Religion in Guizhou [50] [note 1]

   Christianity (0.99%)
  Other religions or not religious people [note 2] (67.83%)

The predominant religions in Guizhou are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 31.18% of the population believes and is involved in ancestor veneration, while 0.99% of the population identifies as Christian, decreasing from 1.13% in 2004. [50]

Wumiao (Temple of the God of War) dedicated to Guandi in Anshun. Anshun Wumiao 2014.04.28 16-57-08.jpg
Wumiao (Temple of the God of War) dedicated to Guandi in Anshun.

The reports did not give figures for other types of religion; 67.83% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, folk religious sects, and small minorities of Muslims. There are significant ethnic minority populations (the Miao and the Buyei) who traditionally follow their autochthonous religions.

Cuisine

Moutai Maotai - Kweichow Moutai Distillery China, Flasche (2).jpg
Moutai

Guizhou is the home of the well-known Chinese liquor Moutai, [51] as well as Lao Gan Ma.

Tourism

The province has many covered bridges, called Wind and Rain Bridges. These were built by the Dong people.[ citation needed ]

The southeastern corner of the province is known for its unique Dong minority culture. Towns such as Rongjiang, Liping, Diping and Zhaoxing are scattered amongst the hills along the border with Guangxi.[ citation needed ]

The World Bank's "Strategic Environmental Assessment Study: Tourism Development in the Province of Guizhou, China" (May 25, 2007) [52] points to three different forms of tourism that should be fostered and developed in Guizhou: Nature-based, heritage-based and rural. Heritage-based tourism provides ethnic minority groups with an opportunity to preserve their unique heritage while still making a living.[ clarification needed ]

Colleges and universities

Media

Notable people

See also

Notes

    1. The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015) [50] in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organised into lineage "churches" and ancestral shrines). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (Buddhism, Confucianism, deity worships, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, religions practiced by ethnic minorities, et al.) was not reported by Wang.
    2. This may include:

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