Gansu

Last updated

Gansu
甘肃
Province
Province of Gansu
Hoodoos at Zhangye Danxia.jpg
Dunhuang Mogao Ku 2013.12.31 12-30-18.jpg
Jiayu Guan 2014.01.01 11-03-14.jpg
Crescent Moon Lake (23889572731).jpg
Labrang-Gisela-Brantl-02.JPG
Lan Zhou Zhong Shan Qiao Ye Jian Bei He An .jpg
Gansu in China (+all claims hatched).svg
Map showing the location of Gansu Province
Coordinates: 38°N102°E / 38°N 102°E / 38; 102
Country China
Named for 甘 gān: Ganzhou District, Zhangye
肃 /肅sù: Suzhou District, Jiuquan
Capital
(and largest city)		 Lanzhou
Divisions14 prefectures, 86 counties, 1344 townships
Government
 • Type Province
 • BodyGansu Provincial People's Congress
 •  CCP Secretary Hu Changsheng
 • Congress chairmanHu Changsheng
 •  Governor Ren Zhenhe
 •  CPPCC chairmanZhuang Guotai
 •  National People's Congress Representation52 deputies
Area
 • Total453,700 km2 (175,200 sq mi)
 • Rank 7th
Highest elevation
(Altyn-Tagh)
5,830 m (19,130 ft)
Population
 (2020) [1]
 • Total25,019,831
 • Rank 22nd
 • Density55/km2 (140/sq mi)
  • Rank 27th
Demographics
[2]
 • Ethnic composition Han: 91%
Hui: 5%
Dongxiang: 2%
Tibetan: 2%
 • Languages and dialects Zhongyuan Mandarin, Lanyin Mandarin, Amdo Tibetan
GDP (2023) [3]
 • Total CN¥ 1,186 billion (27th)
US$ 168 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 47,867 (31th)
US$ 6,793
ISO 3166 code CN-GS
HDI (2022)0.722 [4] (29th) – high
Website Gansu.gov.cn
(Simplified Chinese)
ཀན་སུའུ་ཞིང་ཆེན།ᠭᠠᠨᠰᠤ ᠮᠤᠵᠢگەنسۇ ئۆلكىسى‎

Gansu is divided into fourteen prefecture-level divisions: twelve prefecture-level cities and two autonomous prefectures:

Gansu
Gansu (Chinese characters).svg
"Gansu" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Transcriptions
Wylie kan su'u zhing chen [5]
Tibetan Pinyin Gainsu Xingqên
Transcriptions
SASM/GNC ɣansu muǰi
Transcriptions
Latin Yëziqi Gensu ölkisi
Siril Yëziqi гәнсу өлкиси
Administrative divisions of Gansu
Division code [27] DivisionArea in km2 [28] Population 2020 [29] SeatDivisions [30]
Districts Counties Aut. counties CL cities
620000Gansu Province425,800.0025,019,831 Lanzhou city175775
620100 Lanzhou city13,103.044,359,446 Chengguan District 53
620200 Jiayuguan city*2,935.00312,663 Shengli Subdistrict
620300 Jinchang city7,568.84438,026 Jinchuan District 11
620400 Baiyin city20,164.091,512,110 Baiyin District 23
620500 Tianshui city14,312.132,984,659 Qinzhou District 241
620600 Wuwei city32,516.911,464,955 Liangzhou District 121
620700 Zhangye city39,436.541,131,016 Ganzhou District 141
620800 Pingliang city11,196.711,848,607 Kongtong District 151
620900 Jiuquan city193,973.781,055,706 Suzhou District 1222
621000 Qingyang city27,219.712,179,716 Xifeng District 17
621100 Dingxi city19,646.142,524,097 Anding District 16
621200 Longnan city27,856.692,407,272 Wudu District 18
622900 Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture 8,116.572,109,750 Linxia city521
623000 Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 38,311.56691,808 Hezuo city71
* – direct-piped cities – does not contain any county-level divisions

The fourteen Prefecture of Gansu are subdivided into 86 county-level divisions (17 districts, 5 county-level cities, 57 counties, and 7 autonomous counties).

Urban areas

Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities
#Cities2020 Urban area [31] 2010 Urban area [32] 2020 City proper
1 Lanzhou [lower-alpha 2] 3,012,5772,438,5954,359,446
2 Tianshui 752,900544,4412,984,659
3 Wuwei 467,726331,3701,464,955
4 Baiyin 454,323362,3631,512,110
5 Pingliang 332,399248,4211,848,607
6 Jiuquan 327,492255,7391,055,706
7 Qingyang 318,298181,7802,179,716
8 Linxia 315,082220,895part of Linxia Prefecture
9 Jiayuguan 295,257216,362312,663
10 Zhangye 278,092216,7601,131,016
11 Longnan 243,502136,4682,407,272
12 Jinchang 237,927195,409438,026
13 Dingxi 222,386158,0622,524,097
14 Lanzhou New Area [lower-alpha 2] 167,044 [lower-alpha 3] see Lanzhou
15 Dunhuang 129,853111,535see Jiuquan
16 Huating 110,695 [lower-alpha 4] see Pingliang
17 Yumen 87,54478,940see Jiuquan
18 Hezuo 75,65057,384see Gannan Prefecture
  1. ↑ UK: /ɡænˈsuː/ gan-SOO, US: /ɡɑːn-/ gahn-; [6]
  2. 1 2 Lanzhou New Area is a satellite urban area separated from Lanzhou and it is not included in the urban area count.
  3. ↑ Lanzhou New Area was established after 2010 census.
  4. ↑ Huating County is currently known as Huating CLC after 2010 census.

Politics

Gates of the provincial government complex in Lanzhou Gansu Government.jpg
Gates of the provincial government complex in Lanzhou

Secretaries of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Gansu Committee: The Secretary of the CCP Gansu Committee is the highest-ranking office within Gansu Province. [33]

  1. Zhang Desheng (张德生): 1949–1954
  2. Zhang Zhongliang (张仲良): 1954–1961
  3. Wang Feng (汪锋): 1961–1966
  4. Hu Jizong (胡继宗): 1966–1967
  5. Xian Henghan (冼恒汉): 1970–1977
  6. Song Ping (宋平): 1977–1981
  7. Feng Jixin (冯纪新): 1981–1983
  8. Li Ziqi (李子奇): 1983–1990
  9. Gu Jinchi (顾金池): 1990–1993
  10. Yan Haiwang (阎海旺): 1993–1998
  11. Sun Ying (孙英): 1998–2001
  12. Song Zhaosu (宋照肃): 2001–2003
  13. Su Rong (苏荣): 2003–2007
  14. Lu Hao (陆浩): April 2007 − December 2011
  15. Wang Sanyun (王三运): December 2011 − March 2017
  16. Lin Duo (林铎): March 2017 − March 2021
  17. Yin Hong (尹弘): March 2021 − December 2022
  18. Hu Changsheng (胡昌升): December 2022 – present

Governors of Gansu: The Governorship of Gansu is the second highest-ranking official within Gansu, behind the Secretary of the CPC Gansu Committee. [33] The governor is responsible for all issues related to economics, personnel, political initiatives, the environment and the foreign affairs of the province. [33] The Governor is appointed by the Gansu Provincial People's Congress, which is the province's legislative body. [33]

  1. Wang Shitai (王世泰): 1949–1950
  2. Deng Baoshan (邓宝姗): 1950–1967
  3. Xian Henghan (冼恒汉): 1967–1977
  4. Song Ping (宋平): 1977–1979
  5. Feng Jixin (冯纪新): 1979–1981
  6. Li Dengying (李登瀛): 1981–1983
  7. Chen Guangyi (陈光毅): 1983–1986
  8. Jia Zhijie (贾志杰): 1986–1993
  9. Yan Haiwang (阎海旺): 1993
  10. Zhang Wule (张吾乐): 1993–1996
  11. Sun Ying (孙英): 1996–1998
  12. Song Zhaosu (宋照肃): 1998–2001
  13. Lu Hao (陆浩): 2001–2006
  14. Xu Shousheng (徐守盛): January 2007 – July 2010 [33]
  15. Liu Weiping (刘伟平): July 2010 – April 2016
  16. Lin Duo (林铎): April 2016 – April 2017
  17. Tang Renjian (唐仁健): April 2017 − December 2020
  18. Ren Zhenhe (任振鹤): December 2020 – present

Economy

Despite recent growth in Gansu and the booming economy in the rest of China, Gansu is still considered to be one of the poorest provinces in China. For several years, it has ranked as one of the provinces with lowest GDP per capita. [34] Its nominal GDP for 2017 was about 767.7 billion yuan (US$113.70 billion) and per capita of 29,326 RMB (US$4,343). The province also has a large difference in wealth between regions and urban versus rural areas. The poorest areas are Dingxi, Longnan, Gannan and Linxia. [35] According to analysts, the local economy failed to gather momentum while other provinces did manage to increase their economic growth. [34]

Agriculture

Farmland in Linxia 5920-Dongxiang-County-Daxiahe-valley-fields-seen-from-Linxia-County.jpg
Farmland in Linxia

Due to poor natural conditions such as aridness, Gansu is one of the Chinese provinces with smallest per capita area of arable land. [35] Agricultural production includes cotton, linseed oil, maize, melons (such as the honeydew melon, known locally as the Bailan melon), millet, and wheat.[ citation needed ] Gansu is known as a source for wild medicinal herbs which are used in Chinese medicine. However, pollution by heavy metals, such as cadmium in irrigation water, has resulted in the poisoning of many acres of agricultural land. The extent and nature of the heavy metal pollution is considered a state secret. [36]

Industry

The industrial sector in Gansu was developed after completion of the Longhai railway in 1953 and blueprinted in the first five-year plan of China. [37] It was a major recipient of China's investment in industrial capacity during the Third Front campaign. [38] : 298 

Until 2014, the industrial sector contributed the most to Gansu's economy. [35] The most important industries are petrochemicals, non-ferrous metallurgy, machinery and electronics. The province is also an important base for wind and solar power. [37] As a result of environmental protection policies, the industry sector is not growing. [39] The manufacturing sector has been shrinking for several years and has low investment numbers. [34]

According to some sources,[ who? ] the province is also a center of China's nuclear industry.

As stipulated in the country's 12th Five Year Plan, the local government of Gansu hopes to grow the province's GDP by 10% annually by focusing investments on five pillar industries: renewable energy, coal, chemicals, nonferrous metals, pharmaceuticals and services.[ citation needed ]

Mining

A large part of Gansu's economy is based on mining and the extraction of minerals, [40] especially rare earth elements. The province has significant deposits of antimony, chromium, coal, cobalt, copper, fluorite, gypsum, iridium, iron, lead, limestone, mercury, mirabilite, nickel, crude oil, platinum, troilite, tungsten, and zinc among others. The oil fields at Yumen and Changqing are considered significant.

Gansu has China's largest nickel deposits accounting for over 90% of China's total nickel reserves. [37]

Services

Shopping mall in Lanzhou Lan Zhou Zhong Xin Qi Li He Qu .jpg
Shopping mall in Lanzhou

Since 2014, the service sector is the largest economic sector of Gansu. [35] Tourism is a sector that is becoming of increased importance. [39]

Economic and technological development zones

The following economic and technological zones are situated in Gansu:

Demographics

Lanzhou city Lanzhou-037.JPG
Lanzhou city
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1912 [43] 4,990,000—    
1928 [44] 6,281,000+25.9%
1936–37 [45] 6,716,000+6.9%
1947 [46] 7,091,000+5.6%
1954 [47] 12,928,102+82.3%
1964 [48] 12,630,569−2.3%
1982 [49] 19,569,261+54.9%
1990 [50] 22,371,141+14.3%
2000 [51] 25,124,282+12.3%
2010 [52] 25,575,254+1.8%
2020 [53] 25,019,831−2.2%
2023 (est.) [54] 24,650,000−1.5%
Ningxia Province/AR was part of Gansu Province until 1929 and 1954–1958.

Gansu province is home to a little more than 25 million people. [55] As of 2020, 47.7% of the population was rural, but much relocation in recent years has reduced this. Gansu is 89.4% Han [55] and also has Hui, Tibetan, Dongxiang, Tu, Uyghurs, Yugur, Bonan, Mongolian, Salar and Kazakh minorities. Gansu province's community of Chinese Hui Muslims was bolstered by Hui Muslims resettled from Shaanxi province during the Dungan Revolt. Gansu is also a historical home, along with Shaanxi, of the dialect of the Dungans, who migrated to Central Asia. The southwestern corner of Gansu is home to a large ethnic Tibetan population. Modern Gansu is dominated by Lanzhou city and Linxia Hui prefectures, their growth hides the stark fact that much of the rest of the province is rapidly losing population.

Languages

Most of the inhabitants of Gansu speak dialects of Northern Mandarin Chinese. On the border areas of Gansu one might encounter Tu, Tibetan, Mongolian, Uyghur and the Kazakh language. Most of the minorities also speak Chinese.

Culture

A unique variety of Chinese folk music popularly identified with the local peoples of Gansu include the "Hua'er" (flowery melodies) , and is popular among the Han and nine ethnic groups of Gansu. [56] The cuisine of Gansu is based on the staple crops grown there: wheat, barley, millet, beans, and sweet potatoes. Within China, Gansu is known for its lamian (pulled noodles), and Muslim restaurants which feature authentic Gansu cuisine.

Religion

Religion in Gansu (2012) [57]

  Non-religious and traditional faiths (88%)
   Buddhism (8.2%)
   Islam (3.4%)
   Protestantism (0.4%)
   Catholicism (0.1%)

According to a 2012 survey [57] around 12% of the population of Gansu belongs to organised religions, the largest groups being Buddhists with 8.2%, followed by Muslims with 3.4%, Protestants with 0.4% and Catholics with 0.1%. Around 88% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in Chinese folk religion, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and folk religious sects.

Muslim restaurants are common, and feature typical Chinese dishes, but without any pork products, and instead an emphasis on lamb and mutton. Gansu has many works of Buddhist art, including the Maijishan Grottoes. Dunhuang was a major centre of Buddhism in the Middle Ages.

Tourism

A painting of the Buddhist Manjushri, from the Yulin Caves of Gansu, Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty (1038-1227 AD) Yulin Cave 3 w wall Manjusri (Western Xia).jpg
A painting of the Buddhist Manjushri, from the Yulin Caves of Gansu, Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty (1038–1227 AD)
These rammed earth ruins of a granary in Hecang Fortress (Chinese: He Cang Cheng ;; pinyin: Hecangcheng), located ~11 km (7 miles) northeast of the Western-Han-era Yumen Pass, were built during the Western Han (202 BC - 9 AD) and significantly rebuilt during the Western Jin (280-316 AD). Han Dynasty Granary west of Dunhuang.jpg
These rammed earth ruins of a granary in Hecang Fortress (Chinese :河仓城；; pinyin :Hécāngchéng), located ~11 km (7 miles) northeast of the Western-Han-era Yumen Pass, were built during the Western Han (202 BC – 9 AD) and significantly rebuilt during the Western Jin (280–316 AD).

Jiayuguan Pass of the Great Wall

Jiayuguan Pass, in Jiayuguan city, is the largest and most intact pass, or entrance, of the Great Wall. Jiayuguan Pass was built in the early Ming dynasty, somewhere around the year 1372. It was built near an oasis that was then on the extreme western edge of China. Jiayuguan Pass was the first pass on the west end of the great wall so it earned the name "The First And Greatest Pass Under Heaven".

An extra brick is said to rest on a ledge over one of the gates. One legend holds that the official in charge asked the designer to calculate how many bricks would be used. The designer gave him the number and when the project was finished, only one brick was left. It was put on the top of the pass as a symbol of commemoration. Another account holds that the building project was assigned to a military manager and an architect. The architect presented the manager with a requisition for the total number of bricks that he would need. When the manager found out that the architect had not asked for any extra bricks, he demanded that the architect make some provision for unforeseen circumstances. The architect, taking this as an insult to his planning ability, added a single extra brick to the request. When the gate was finished, the single extra brick was, in fact, extra and was left on the ledge over the gate. [59]

Mogao Grottoes

The Mogao Grottoes near Dunhuang have a collection of Buddhist art. Originally there were a thousand grottoes, but now only 492 cave temples remain. Each temple has a large statue of a buddha or bodhisattva and paintings of religious scenes. In 366 AD under the Former Liang dynasty, a monk named Le Zun (Lo-tsun) came near Echoing Sand Mountain, when he had a vision. He started to carve the first grotto. During the Five Dynasties period they ran out of room on the cliff and could not build any more grottoes.

Silk Road and Dunhuang City

A terracotta warrior from Gansu, with traces of polychrome and gold, from the Tang dynasty (618-907) Cernuschi Museum 20060812 156.jpg
A terracotta warrior from Gansu, with traces of polychrome and gold, from the Tang dynasty (618–907)

The historic Silk Road starts in Chang'an (present-day Xi'an) and goes to Constantinople (Istanbul). On the way merchants would go to Dunhuang in Gansu. In Dunhuang they would get fresh camels, food and guards for the journey around the dangerous Taklamakan Desert. Before departing Dunhuang they would pray to the Mogao Grottoes for a safe journey, if they came back alive they would thank the gods at the grottoes. Across the desert they would form a train of camels to protect themselves from thieving bandits. The next stop, Kashi (Kashgar), was a welcome sight to the merchants. At Kashi most would trade and go back and the ones who stayed would eat fruit and trade their Bactrian camels for single humped ones. After Kashi they would keep going until they reached their next destination.

Located about 5 km (3.1 mi) southwest of the city, the Crescent Lake or Yueyaquan is an oasis and popular spot for tourists seeking respite from the heat of the desert. Activities includes camel and 4x4 rides.

Silk Route Museum

The Silk Route Museum is located in Jiuquan along the Silk Road, a trading route connecting Rome to China, used by Marco Polo. It is also built over the tomb of the Western Liang King. [60]

Bingling Temple

Bingling Temple, or Bingling Grottoes, is a Buddhist cave complex in a canyon along the Yellow River. Begun in 420 AD during the Western Qin dynasty, the site contains dozens of caves and caverns filled with outstanding examples of carvings, sculpture, and frescoes. The great Maitreya Buddha is more than 27 meters tall and is similar in style to the great Buddhas that once lined the cliffs of Bamiyan, Afghanistan. Access to the site is by boat from Yongjing in the summer or fall. There is no other access point.

Labrang Monastery

Labrang Tashikyil Monastery is located in Xiahe County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, located in the southern part of Gansu, and part of the traditional Tibetan province of Amdo. It is one of the six major monasteries of the Gelukpa tradition of Tibetan Buddhism in Tibet, and the most important one in Amdo. Built in 1710, it is headed by the Jamyang-zhaypa. It has 6 dratsang (colleges), and houses over sixty thousand religious texts and other works of literature as well as other cultural artifacts.

Maijishan Grottoes

Maijishan Grottoes Maijishan grottoes.jpg
Maijishan Grottoes

The Maijishan Grottoes are a series of 194 caves cut in the side of the hill of Majishan in Tianshui. This example of rock cut architecture contains over 7,200 Buddhist sculptures and over 1,000 square meters of murals. Construction began in the Later Qin era (384–417 CE).

Education

Gansu province is home to the only class A Double First Class University in China's northwest, Lanzhou University.

Colleges and universities

Natural resources

Fertile fields near Wuwei Gan Su Huang Shan Yu Wo Tu - panoramio.jpg
Fertile fields near Wuwei

Land

Minerals

Three thousand deposits of 145 different minerals. Ninety-four minerals have been found and ascertained, including nickel, cobalt, platinum, selenium, casting clay, finishing serpentine, whose reserves are the largest in China.[ citation needed ] Gansu has advantages in getting[ clarification needed ] nickel, zinc, cobalt, platinum, iridium, copper, barite, and baudisserite.

Energy

Among Gansu's most important sources of energy are its water resources: the Yellow River and other inland river drainage basins. Gansu is placed ninth among China's provinces in annual hydropower potential and water discharge. Gansu produces 17.24 gigawatts of hydropower a year. Twenty-nine hydropower stations have been constructed in Gansu, capable of generating 30 gigawatts in total. Gansu has an estimated coal reserve of 8.92 billion tons and petroleum reserve of 700 million tons.

There is also good potential for wind and solar power development. The Gansu Wind Farm project – already producing 7.965GW in 2015 [61] – is expected to achieve 20GW by 2020, at which time it will likely become the world's biggest collective windfarm.

In November 2017 an agreement between the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Gansu government was announced, to site and begin operations of a molten salt reactor pilot project in the province by 2020. [62]

Flora and fauna

Gansu has 659 species of wild animals. [63] It has twenty-four rare animals which are under a state protection.

Gansu's mammals include some of the world's most charismatic: the giant panda, golden monkeys, lynx, snow leopards, sika deer, musk deer, and the Bactrian camel.

Among zoologists who study moles, the Gansu mole is of great interest. For a reason that can only be speculated, it is taxologically a New World mole living among Old World moles: that is to say, an American mole living in a sea of Euro-Asians.

Gansu is home to 441 species of birds; it is a center of endemism and home to many species and subspecies which occur nowhere else in the world.

Gansu is China's second-largest producer of medicinal plants and herbs, including some produced nowhere else, such as the hairy asiabell root, fritillary bulb, and Chinese caterpillar fungus.

Daxia-River-Valley-panorama-5902+5903+5904+5905+5906.jpg
Panorama of the lower Daxia River valley in the northeast of the Linxia County, and the loess plateau flanking it, cut by a canyon

Environment

Natural disasters

On 16 December 1920, Gansu witnessed the deadliest landslide ever recorded. A series of landslides, triggered by a single earthquake, accounted for most of the 180,000 people killed in the event. [64]

Anti-desertification project

The Asian Development Bank is working with the State Forestry Administration of China on the Silk Road Ecosystem Restoration Project, designed to prevent degradation and desertification in Gansu. It is estimated to cost up to US$150 million.

Space launch center

The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, located in the Gobi desert, is named after the city of Jiuquan, Gansu, the nearest city, although the center itself is in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

See also

Notes

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Qinghai</span> Province of China

    Qinghai is an inland province in Northwestern China. It is the largest province of China by area and has the third smallest population. Its capital and largest city is Xining.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Dunhuang</span> County-level city in Gansu, China

    Dunhuang is a county-level city in northwestern Gansu Province, Western China. According to the 2010 Chinese census, the city has a population of 186,027, though 2019 estimates put the city's population at about 191,800. Sachu (Dunhuang) was a major stop on the ancient Silk Road and is best known for the nearby Mogao Caves.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Lanzhou</span> Prefecture-level city in Gansu, China

    Lanzhou is the capital and largest city of Gansu province in northwestern China. Located on the banks of the Yellow River, it is a key regional transportation hub, connecting areas further west by rail to the eastern half of the country. Historically, it has been a major link on the Northern Silk Road and it stands to become a major hub on the New Eurasian Land Bridge. The city is also a center for heavy industry and petrochemical industry.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Hexi Corridor</span> Historical region in Gansu Province, China

    The Hexi Corridor, also known as the Gansu Corridor, is an important historical region located in the modern western Gansu province of China. It refers to a narrow stretch of traversable and relatively arable plain west of the Yellow River's Ordos Loop, flanked between the much more elevated and inhospitable terrains of the Mongolian and Tibetan Plateaus.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Jiuquan</span> Prefecture-level city in Gansu, Peoples Republic of China

    Jiuquan, formerly known as Suzhou is a prefecture-level city in the northwesternmost part of Gansu Province in the People's Republic of China. It is more than 600 km (370 mi) wide from east to west, occupying 191,342 km2 (73,878 sq mi), although its built-up area is mostly located in its Suzhou District.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Tianshui</span> Prefecture-level city in Gansu, China

    Tianshui is a prefecture-level city in Gansu province, China, and is the province's second-largest city. Located in the southeast of the province, the city strides along the upper reaches of the Wei River and at the boundary of the Loess Plateau and the Qinling Mountains. As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,984,659 inhabitants, of which 1,212,791 lived in the built-up area made of the 2 urban districts of Qinzhou and Maiji. The city and its surroundings have played an important role in the early history of China, as still visible in the form of historic sites such as the Maijishan Grottoes.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Yumen City</span> County-level city in Gansu, China

    Yumen is a city in western Gansu province, China. It is a county-level city with a population of 106,812, and is part of Jiuquan "prefecture-level city". It is located on the Silk Road and is best known for its oil production.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Jiayuguan City</span> Prefecture-level city in Gansu, China

    Jiayuguan is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Gansu province, with a population of 312,663 as of the 2020 census. Compared with the 231,853 people in the sixth national census in 2010, there was an increase of 80,810 people, with an average annual increase of 3.04%. Its built-up area was home to 768,274 inhabitants made of Jiayuguan City and Suzhou urban district of Jiuquan City now being conurbated. It is named after the nearby Jiayu Pass, the largest and most intact pass of the Great Wall of China.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Pingliang</span> Prefecture-level city in Gansu, Peoples Republic of China

    Pingliang is a inner land prefecture-level city in eastern Gansu province, China, bordering Shaanxi province to the south and east and the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region to the north. The city was established in 376 AD. It has a residential population of 2,125,300 in 2019. The urban population is almost 900,000.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Subei Mongol Autonomous County</span> Autonomous county in Gansu, China

    The Subei Mongol Autonomous County is an autonomous county within the prefecture-level city of Jiuquan in the northwest of Gansu Province, China, bordering Xinjiang to the west, Qinghai Province to the southeast and Mongolia's Govi-Altai Province to the north. Containing the northernmost point in Gansu, Subei is split into two non-contiguous sections and has an area of 66,748 km2 (25,772 sq mi) and had approximately 13,046 inhabitants in 2000. To the east it shares a border with Ejin Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Jinchang</span> Prefecture-level city in Gansu, Peoples Republic of China

    Jinchang is a prefecture-level city in the centre of Gansu province, People's Republic of China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the north. As of the 2020 Chinese census, its population was 438,026 inhabitants, of which 260,385 lived in the built-up area made up of the Jinchuan District.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Longnan</span> Prefecture-level city in Gansu, Peoples Republic of China

    Longnan is a prefecture-level city in the southeast of Gansu province in China. It borders Sichuan on its south and Shaanxi on its east. As of the 2020 Chinese census, the population of the prefecture-level city was 2,855,555.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhangye</span> Prefecture-level city in Gansu, Peoples Republic of China

    Zhangye, formerly romanized as Changyeh or known as Kanchow, is a prefecture-level city in central Gansu Province in the People's Republic of China. It borders Inner Mongolia on the north and Qinghai on the south. Its central district is Ganzhou, formerly a city of the Western Xia and one of the most important outposts of western China.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Wuwei, Gansu</span> Prefecture-level city in Gansu, Peoples Republic of China

    Wuwei is a prefecture-level city in northwest central Gansu province. In the north it borders Inner Mongolia, in the southwest, Qinghai. Its central location between three western capitals, Lanzhou, Xining, and Yinchuan makes it an important business and transportation hub for the area. Because of its position along the Hexi Corridor, historically the only route from central China to western China and the rest of Central Asia, many major railroads and national highways pass through Wuwei.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Yumen Pass</span> Pass of the Great Wall located west of Dunhuang, Gansu Province, China

    Yumen Pass, or Jade Gate or Pass of the Jade Gate, is the name of a pass of the Great Wall located west of Dunhuang in today's Gansu Province of China. During the Han dynasty, this was a pass through which the Silk Road passed, and was the one road connecting Central Asia with East Asia (China), the former called the Western Regions. Just to the south was the Yangguan pass, which was also an important point on the Silk Road. These passes, along with other sites along the Silk Road, were inscribed in 2014 on the UNESCO World Heritage List as the Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor World Heritage Site. The pass is at an elevation of 1400 meters.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Xifeng, Qingyang</span> County in Gansu, China

    Xifeng District is a district and the seat of the city of Qingyang in Gansu Province, China. It has an area of 996 km2 (385 sq mi) and a population of 376,800 in 2019.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Jingyuan County, Gansu</span> County in Gansu, China

    Jingyuan County is a county in the east of Gansu Province. It is under the administration of Baiyin City, and consists of two separate tracts of territory to the north and south of Pingchuan District. The northern tract borders Ningxia to the north. The southern area consists of an irrigated area around the Yellow River and the northern area is semi-arid highlands.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Guazhou County</span> County in Gansu, China

    Guazhou County, formerly Anxi County, is a county in the northwest of Gansu province, China. It is under the administration of Jiuquan City.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Aksay Kazakh Autonomous County</span> County in Gansu, China

    Aksay Kazakh Autonomous County is an autonomous county under the prefecture-level city of Jiuquan in Gansu Province, China. The county borders Qinghai Province to the south and Xinjiang to the west.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Ejin Banner</span> Banner in Inner Mongolia, China

    Ejin is a banner in the far west of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Alxa League and is the westernmost county-level division of Inner Mongolia, bordering Gansu province to the west and Mongolia's Bayankhongor and Govi-Altai Provinces. Its seat is located at Dalaihob Town. To the west, it shares a border with Subei Mongol Autonomous County of Jiuquan, Gansu.

    References

    1. ↑ "Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
    2. ↑ "Gansu - China knoema.com". baidu. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
    3. ↑ "National Data". China NBS. March 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024. see also "zh: 2023年甘肃省国民经济和社会发展统计公报". gansu.gov.cn. 14 March 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024. The average exchange rate of 2023 was CNY 7.0467 to 1 USD dollar "Statistical communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2023 national economic and social development" (Press release). China NBS. 29 February 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
    4. ↑ "Human Development Indices (8.0)- China". Global Data Lab. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
    5. ↑ Powers, John (2017). The Buddha party: how the people's Republic of China works to define and control Tibetan Buddhism. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. Appendix B, page 6. ISBN   9780199358151. OCLC   947145370.
    6. ↑ "Gansu". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021.
    7. ↑ "陕西为什么拼作Shaanxi，而不是Shanxi". 澎湃新闻. 7 July 2016.
    8. ↑ Dadiwan Relics Break Archeological Records
    9. ↑ Xinhua – English Archived 5 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine
    10. ↑ "People's Daily Online – Chinese surname history: Qin". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
    11. ↑ Over 2,200-Year-old Map Discovered in NW China Archived 12 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine
    12. ↑ Turghun Almas, "Uygurlar", Kashgar, 1989.
    13. ↑ English.people.com.cn
    14. ↑ "Artistic treasures of Maiji Mountain caves" by Alok Shrotriya and Zhou Xue-ying. Asianart.com
    15. ↑ Xinhuanet.com
    16. ↑ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K.
    17. ↑ Harrison Forman (19 July 1942). "Moslem War Lord Isolated by China; Ma Pu-ching Sent to Swamps of Tibet With the Title of Reclamation Commissioner Member of a Noted Clan Vital Route to Russia Passes Through Area With 15,000,000 Believers in the Koran". The New York Times.
    18. ↑ Hsiao-ting Lin (13 September 2010). Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West. Routledge. pp. 76–. ISBN   978-1-136-92393-7.
    19. ↑ Alan Armstrong (2006). Preemptive Strike: The Secret Plan that Would Have Prevented the Attack on Pearl Harbor . Lyons Press. pp.  122–. ISBN   978-1-59228-913-4. airfield kansu.
    20. ↑ Peter Fleming (19 August 2014). News from Tartary: An Epic Journey Across Central Asia. I.B.Tauris. pp. 264–. ISBN   978-0-85773-495-2.
    21. ↑ Andrew D. W. Forbes (9 October 1986). Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911–1949. CUP Archive. pp. 146–. ISBN   978-0-521-25514-1.
    22. ↑ Tetsuya Kataoka (1974). Resistance and Revolution in China: The Communists and the Second United Front . University of California Press. pp.  170–. ISBN   978-0-520-02553-0. airfield kansu.
    23. ↑ 地球知识局, 行业观察 (9 April 2018). "新中国第一座石油工业城市已落幕?". OILSNS. China. Retrieved 13 February 2021. With the exploration efforts of Sun Jianchu, Yan Shuang and other patriotic scholars, on August 11, 1939, the Laojunmiao oil well blew out the first oil. This moment has also become the starting point of China's petroleum industry. During the Anti-Fascist War against the Imperial Japanese forces, the Yumen oil wells produced a total of 250,000 tons of crude oil, accounting for more than 90% of the country's crude oil output during the same period, making an important contribution to the victory toward the Anti-Fascist War.
    24. ↑ Ginsburgs (11 November 2013). Communist China and Tibet: The First Dozen Years. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 100–. ISBN   978-94-017-5057-8.
    25. ↑ English.people.com.cn
    26. ↑ FutureWater. "Groundwater Management Exploration Package". # Wageningen, Netherlands. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
    27. ↑ 中华人民共和国县以上行政区划代码 (in Simplified Chinese). Ministry of Civil Affairs.
    28. ↑ Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics. 《深圳统计年鉴2014》 (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Print. Archived from the original on 12 May 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
    29. ↑ Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China; Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China (2012). 中国2010年人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 (1 ed.). Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN   978-7-5037-6660-2.
    30. ↑ Ministry of Civil Affairs (August 2014). 《中国民政统计年鉴2014》 (in Simplified Chinese). China Statistics Print. ISBN   978-7-5037-7130-9.
    31. ↑ 国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2022). 中国2020年人口普查分县资料. Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN   978-7-5037-9772-9.
    32. ↑ 国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 (2012). 中国2010年人口普查分县资料. Beijing: China Statistics Print. ISBN   978-7-5037-6659-6.
    33. 1 2 3 4 5 "Xu Shousheng re-elected governor of northwest China's Gansu Province". Xinhua . 27 January 2008. Archived from the original on 15 March 2008. Retrieved 23 February 2008.
    34. 1 2 3 "解读甘肃经济指标：最难堪的数字 越来越实的数字_共话陇原". www.gs.xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
    35. 1 2 3 4 Liyan Xu (December 2018). "Economic Geography Analysis of Gansu Province" (PDF). World Bank.
    36. ↑ Liu Hongqiao (1 March 2013). "The Poison Eaters of Gansu Province: Pollution is not a problem some western farmers can choose to ignore, as many say they have suffered from chronic bone pains for decades". Caixin. Retrieved 1 March 2013.
    37. 1 2 3 "Gansu Province". Chinafolio. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
    38. ↑ Lan, Xiaohuan (2024). How China Works: An Introduction to China's State-led Economic Development. Translated by Topp, Gary. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0080-6. ISBN   978-981-97-0079-0.
    39. 1 2 "甘肃经济全国落后的原因，仅有一个城市在发展，其它城市不思进取". www.sohu.com. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
    40. ↑ "Natural resources in Gansu". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
    41. ↑ RightSite.asia Archived 11 June 2010 at the Wayback Machine , Lanzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone
    42. ↑ RightSite.asia Archived 17 July 2012 at archive.today , Lanzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
    43. ↑ 1912年中国人口 . Retrieved 6 March 2014.
    44. ↑ 1928年中国人口 . Retrieved 6 March 2014.
    45. ↑ 1936–37年中国人口 . Retrieved 6 March 2014.
    46. ↑ 1947年全国人口 . Retrieved 6 March 2014.
    47. ↑ 中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009.
    48. ↑ 第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 14 September 2012.
    49. ↑ 中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 10 May 2012.
    50. ↑ 中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 19 June 2012.
    51. ↑ 现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下. National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012.
    52. ↑ "Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census". National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013.
    53. ↑ "FACTBOX-Key takeaways from China's 2020 population census". Reuters. 11 May 2021.
    54. ↑ "甘肃举行2023年经济运行情况新闻发布会" (Press release). China SCIO. 19 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
    55. 1 2 "How Much Does Beijing Control the Ethnic Makeup of Tibet?". ChinaFile. 2 September 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
    56. ↑ Zhou, Jasmine. "Folk Songs of Qinghai and Gansu". NAXOS. Retrieved 15 February 2021. Hua'er is a form of Chinese folk music that is widely disseminated in the Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Xinjiang Provinces located in north-western China. It is performed among the Han and nine other ethnic minorities...
    57. 1 2 当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS（2012）调查数据 [China Family Panel Studies 2012](PDF) (in Chinese). Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.. p. 013
    58. ↑ Wang Xudang, Li Zuixiong, and Zhang Lu (2010). "Condition, Conservation, and Reinforcement of the Yumen Pass and Hecang Earthen Ruins Near Dunhuang", in Neville Agnew (ed), Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Conservation of Grotto Sites, Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang, People's Republic of China, 28 June – 3 July 2004, 351–357. Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute, J. Paul Getty Trust. ISBN   978-1-60606-013-1, pp 351–352.
    59. ↑ "The Great Wall in Gansu". Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
    60. ↑ "South Africa's biggest wind farms vs the world". BusinessTech. 22 July 2015. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
    61. ↑ 中科院与甘肃省签署钍基熔盐堆核能系统项目战略合作框架协议----中国科学院 (in Chinese). Chinese Academy of Sciences. 10 November 2017. Archived from the original on 13 November 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
    62. ↑ Gansu.gov.cn Archived 15 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine
    63. ↑ Glenday, Craig (2013). Guinness world records 2014. The Jim Pattison Group. pp.  015. ISBN   978-1-908843-15-9.
    This page is based on this Wikipedia article
    Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
    Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.