Tongyong Pinyin

Last updated

Tongyong Pinyin
通用拼音; Tong-yòng Pin-yin
Script type
Alphabet
romanization
Creator Taiwan Ministry of Education
Time period
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Republic of China (2002–2009)
DirectionLeft-to-right  OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Languages Taiwanese Mandarin
Related scripts
Child systems
 Daī-ghî tōng-iōng pīng-im (Taiwanese Hokkien)
IETF language tag: zh-Latn-tongyong
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
Tongyong Pinyin
Traditional Chinese 通用拼音
Literal meaningGeneral-use sound spelling

Tongyong Pinyin was the official romanization of Mandarin in Taiwan between 2002 and 2008. The system was unofficially used between 2000 and 2002, when a new romanization system for Taiwan was being evaluated for adoption. Taiwan's Ministry of Education approved the system in 2002, [1] [2] but its use was optional.

Contents

Since 1 January 2009, the Ministry of Education has officially promoted Hanyu Pinyin (per decision on 16 September 2008); local governments would "not be able to get financial aid from the central government" if they used Tongyong Pinyin-derived romanizations. [3] [4] After this policy change, Tongyong Pinyin has been used for the transliteration of some place names and personal names in Taiwan (Republic of China). [5] Some of the romanized names of the districts, subway stations [6] and streets [7] [8] in Kaohsiung, [9] Tainan, [10] Taichung, [11] [12] Yunlin County [13] and other places [14] [15] [16] are derived from Tongyong Pinyin – for example, Cijin District ( 旗津 區 , Cíjin Cyu). [17]

History

Fongshan District Office, Kaohsiung City (the spelling 'Fongshan' is derived from the Tongyong Pinyin Fongshan) 2011-03-20 Gao Xiong Shi Feng Shan Qu Gong Suo .png
Fongshan District Office, Kaohsiung City (the spelling 'Fongshan' is derived from the Tongyong Pinyin Fòngshan)

The impetus behind the invention of Tongyong Pinyin came from the need for a standardized romanization system in Taiwan. For decades, the island had employed various systems, usually simplifications or adaptations of Wade–Giles. (Zhuyin, a standard phonetic system for language education in Taiwan's schools, does not use the Latin alphabet.)

Tongyong Pinyin was introduced in 1998 by Yu Bor-chuan  [ zh ] to preserve the strengths of Hanyu Pinyin while eliminating some of the pronunciation difficulties Hanyu presents to international readers, such as difficulties with the letters q and x. Yu's system was subsequently revised.

Discussion and adoption of Tongyong Pinyin, like many other initiatives in Taiwan, quickly acquired a partisan tone turning on issues of national identity: Chinese vs. Taiwanese identity. [18] Officials who identified most strongly with the nation itself, such as the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and its allied parties, saw no reason to adopt Hanyu Pinyin just because mainland China and the UN had. If Tongyong Pinyin more adequately met the nation's needs, they saw this as ample justification for Taiwan to adopt it. [19] Officials who identified more strongly with Chinese culture, such as the Kuomintang (KMT), saw no reason to introduce a new system unique to Taiwan if Hanyu Pinyin had already gained international acceptance. Each side accused the other of basing its preference on anti-China or pro-China sentiment rather than an objective discussion of community goals. [20]

In early October 2000, the Mandarin Commission of the Ministry of Education proposed to use Tongyong Pinyin as the national standard. Education Minister Ovid Tzeng submitted a draft of the Taiwanese romanization in late October to the Executive Yuan, but the proposal was rejected. In November 2000, Tzeng unsuccessfully suggested that the government adopt Hanyu Pinyin with some modifications for local dialects. On 10 July 2002, Taiwan's Ministry of Education held a meeting for 27 members. Only 13 attended. Two left early, and since the chairman could not vote, the bill for using Tongyong Pinyin was passed with 10 votes. [1]

In August 2002, the government adopted Tongyong Pinyin by an administrative order that local governments had the authority to override within their jurisdiction. In October 2007, with the DPP administration still in power, it was announced that Taiwan would standardize the English transliterations of its Chinese Mandarin place names by the end of the year, after years of confusion from multiple spellings, by using the locally developed Tongyong Pinyin. [21]

In 2008, the Kuomintang won both the legislative and presidential elections. In September 2008, it was announced that Tongyong Pinyin would be replaced by Hanyu Pinyin as Taiwan's standard, at the end of the year. Since 1 January 2009, Hanyu Pinyin has been an official romanization system in Taiwan. [3] [4]

On 24 August 2020, the Taichung City Council decided to use Tongyong Pinyin in the translated names of the stations on the Green line (Taichung Metro). [12]

The sign for Nanzi Station formerly read "Nanzih Station" Nan Zi Che Zhan .JPG
The sign for Nanzi Station formerly read "Nanzih Station"
The sign was later changed to read "Nanzi Station". The station serves Nanzih District, Kaohsiung. TRA Nanzih Station by billy1125 (1).jpg
The sign was later changed to read "Nanzi Station". The station serves Nanzih District, Kaohsiung.

Adoption and use

Signs using Tongyong Pinyin (Jhaishan, Jhushan and so on) in Kinmen in 2012. Jin is misspelled as jing (instead of the correct jin) in one of the signs Kinmen - on the road from Shuitou to Jincheng - DSCF9397.JPG
Signs using Tongyong Pinyin (Jhaishan, Jhushan and so on) in Kinmen in 2012. 金 is misspelled as jing (instead of the correct jin) in one of the signs

Tongyong Pinyin was the official romanization system in Taiwan, but its use was voluntary. [22] The romanization system that one encounters in Taiwan varies according to the government authority that administers the facility. Street signs in most areas use Tongyong Pinyin,[ citation needed ] including the cities of Kaohsiung, Tainan, and surrounding counties. A contrast could be seen in the two entities that now make up the municipality of Taichung–Taichung County used Tongyong Pinyin while Taichung City has used Hanyu Pinyin since at least 2004. Then-mayor Ma Ying-jeou remained committed to using Hanyu Pinyin as the Romanization standard for Taipei. [23] Taipei County (now New Taipei City) used Tongyong Pinyin, but in Taipei Metro stations, Tongyong Pinyin was given in parentheses after Hanyu Pinyin. Modified Wade–Giles spellings are popularly used for many proper names, especially personal names and businesses.

The political impasse prevented Ministry of Education from being able to replace Zhuyin in teaching pronunciation in elementary school. Zhuyin is widely used to teach Mandarin pronunciation to schoolchildren. Children's books published in Taiwan typically display Zhuyin characters next to Chinese characters in the text.

On 17 September 2008, the Ministry of Education announced that the government standard for romanization would be switched to Hanyu Pinyin nationwide, effective 1 January 2009. [3] [4] However, people in Taiwan can freely choose their foreign language names. So although Tongyong Pinyin was effectively scrapped as the romanization standard of Taiwan's central government, many today choose a romanized form of their Chinese character name that is created based on the Tongyong Pinyin, Wade–Giles, or Yale romanization systems. [24]

Today, districts of Kaohsiung are named by Tongyong. Districts of Tainan are mostly named by Tongyong with exceptions such as Xinying.

Taiwanese language variant

The Tongyong Pinyin system also exists in a Taiwanese Hokkien phonetic symbol version, Daighi tongiong pingim, which lacks f but adds bh. However, in 2006, the Ministry of Education rejected the use of Daighi tongiong pingim for Taiwanese Hokkien and preferred the Taiwanese Romanization System. [25]

Features

Spelling

Some notable features of Tongyong Pinyin are:

Syuejia/SyueJia Junior High School, Syuejia District, Tainan, Taiwan (the spelling 'Syuejia' is derived from the Tongyong Pinyin Syuejia.) Tai Nan Shi Xue Jia Guo Zhong .JPG
Syuejia/SyueJia Junior High School, Syuejia District, Tainan, Taiwan (the spelling 'Syuejia' is derived from the Tongyong Pinyin Syuéjiǎ.)
Taichung Metro includes a station at Fongle Park (from Tongyong Pinyin Fongle) Tai Zhong Jie Yun 2018.01-wiki.jpg
Taichung Metro includes a station at Fongle Park (from Tongyong Pinyin Fonglè)

Punctuation

Shared features with Hanyu Pinyin

If tone is ignored, 19.47% of Tongyong Pinyin syllables are spelled differently to those of Hanyu Pinyin. The difference widens when syllables are measured according to average frequency of use in everyday life to a 48.84% difference in spellings. [26] In two cases (si and ci) the same Latin spelling denotes different syllables depending on the transcription system.

Arguments

The prevalence of Hanyu Pinyin as an established system weighs at least as heavily on the debate over Tongyong Pinyin as any feature of the system itself. Arguments presented in the ongoing debate include these.

Supporting Tongyong Pinyin

Road sign in Nanzih District, Kaohsiung in which Jun Xiao Lu (Hanyu Pinyin: junxiao lu) is written as 'Jyunsiao Rd.', based on the Tongyong Pinyin form jyunsiao lu. Road name sign of Lane 782, Jyunsiao Road, Nanzih 20130301.jpg
Road sign in Nanzih District, Kaohsiung in which 軍校 路 (Hanyu Pinyin: jūnxiào lù) is written as 'Jyunsiao Rd.', based on the Tongyong Pinyin form jyunsiào lù.

Intrinsic

  • Tongyong spelling, it is argued, yields more accurate pronunciation from non-Chinese speakers than does Hanyu Pinyin. Tongyong does not use the letters ⟨q⟩ and ⟨x⟩, for example, in ways that confuse non-Chinese speakers who lack training in the system. [27] [ better source needed ] (This, however, is disputed – refer to the section against Tongyong Pinyin below.)
  • Those familiar with Hanyu Pinyin will encounter nothing radically different when using Tongyong Pinyin.
  • Tongyong eliminates the need for diacritics for the ü sound.
  • The spellings "fong" and "wong" are more accurate to reflect the sounds of 風 and 翁, as pronounced in the Standard Mandarin in Taiwan, as compared with "feng" and "weng".

Practical

Sign at National Taiwan University in Taipei, Taiwan in which Xin Sheng Da Lou (Hanyu Pinyin: xinsheng dalou) is written as 'Sin Sheng Building', based on the Tongyong Pinyin form sinsheng dalou. NTU Sin Sheng Building stand 20200316.jpg
Sign at National Taiwan University in Taipei, Taiwan in which 新生大樓 (Hanyu Pinyin: xīnshēng dàlóu) is written as 'Sin Sheng Building', based on the Tongyong Pinyin form sinsheng dàlóu.
  • Tongyong Pinyin is business-friendly because of the ease it offers in pronunciation. Visitors to Taiwan can thus more easily describe and find place names, personal names, businesses and locales.
  • Tongyong Pinyin requires no more special accommodation in international correspondence than the difference in Chinese characters (simplified vs. traditional) already requires.
  • Tongyong strikes a balance between the need for internationalization and Taiwan's local needs. [28]
  • Tongyong Pinyin would not supplant Hanyu Pinyin in Taiwan, as Hanyu Pinyin is rarely encountered outside the Taipei area anyway and has never been in common use. Tongyong Pinyin is intended to supplant the many variants of Wade–Giles that remain the dominant form of romanization encountered in Taiwan. No one questions the superiority of Tongyong Pinyin to Wade–Giles and the benefit to be gained from the change.
  • Tongyong does not force its exclusive use on those who have already studied Hanyu Pinyin. One can use any system to render characters while one types or formats documents in Mandarin. Computers and electronic devices in Taiwan already offer Hanyu Pinyin and MPS keyboards as options. Transitions between romanized forms are also easily achieved if needed.
  • Romanization is most useful to individuals who lack training in Mandarin but encounter names and terms in press reports and literature. Students of Mandarin gain literacy in Chinese characters and drop romanization systems of any kind. It, therefore, makes sense that, if possible, one should enable a confident first-time pronunciation of Mandarin words by outsiders.

Against Tongyong Pinyin

Intrinsic

  • Tongyong Pinyin treats the alveolar and the alveolar-palatal series as simply being allophones of each other. Thus:
    c is pronounced [tɕʰ] before "i", and [tsʰ] otherwise.
    s is pronounced [ɕ] before "i", and [s] otherwise.

Practical

  • The standard romanization system of Mainland China, the International Organization for Standardization, and the United Nations is Hanyu Pinyin. [29]
  • Tongyong Pinyin creates a third form of spelling/transliteration, adding complexity. For example, "Qing dynasty" (via Hanyu Pinyin) and "Ch'ing dynasty" (via Wade–Giles) is spelled as "Cing dynasty" (via Tongyong Pinyin). Persons doing research on this time period thus would need to know that all three terms in fact refer to the same dynasty.

Comparison with other orthographies

The word for 'China', written in Hanyu Pinyin, Tongyong Pinyin, and Chinese characters (traditional and simplified) China hanzi.png
The word for 'China', written in Hanyu Pinyin, Tongyong Pinyin, and Chinese characters (traditional and simplified)

The differences between Tongyong Pinyin and Hanyu Pinyin [30] are relatively straightforward:

Vowels a, e, o
IPA aɔɛɤaieiauouanənaŋəŋʊŋaɹ
Pinyin aoêeaieiaoouanenangengonger
Tongyong Pinyin
Wade–Giles ehê/oênêngungêrh
Bopomofo ㄚㄛㄝㄜㄞㄟㄠㄡㄢㄣㄤㄥㄨㄥㄦ
example阿喔誒俄艾黑凹偶安恩昂冷中二
Vowels i, u, y
IPA ijejoujɛniniŋjʊŋuwoweiwənwəŋyɥeɥɛnyn
Pinyin yiyeyouyanyinyingyongwuwo/oweiwenwengyuyueyuanyun
Tongyong Pinyin wunwong
Wade–Giles i/yiyehyuyenyungwênwêngyüyüehyüanyün
Bopomofo ㄧㄧㄝㄧㄡㄧㄢㄧㄣㄧㄥㄩㄥㄨㄨㄛ/ㄛㄨㄟㄨㄣㄨㄥㄩㄩㄝㄩㄢㄩㄣ
example一也又言音英用五我位文翁玉月元雲
Non-sibilant consonants
IPA ppʰmfəŋtjoutweitwəntʰɤnylykɤɹkʰɤxɤ
Pinyin bpmfengdiuduiduntenülügekehe
Tongyong Pinyin fongdioudueinyulyu
Wade–Giles ppʻfêngtiutuituntʻênülükokʻoho
Bopomofo ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄥㄉㄧㄡㄉㄨㄟㄉㄨㄣㄊㄜㄋㄩㄌㄩㄍㄜㄎㄜㄏㄜ
example玻婆末封丟兌頓特女旅歌可何
Sibilant consonants
IPA tɕjɛntɕjʊŋtɕʰinɕɥɛnʈʂɤʈʂɨʈʂʰɤʈʂʰɨʂɤʂɨɻɤɻɨtsɤtswotsɨtsʰɤtsʰɨsɤsɨ
Pinyin jianjiongqinxuanzhezhichechisheshirerizezuozicecisesi
Tongyong Pinyin jyongcinsyuanjhejhihchihshihrihzihcihsih
Wade–Giles chienchiungchʻinshüanchêchihchʻêchʻihshêshihjêjihtsêtsotzŭtsʻêtzʻŭsêssŭ
Bopomofo ㄐㄧㄢㄐㄩㄥㄑㄧㄣㄒㄩㄢㄓㄜㄓㄔㄜㄔㄕㄜㄕㄖㄜㄖㄗㄜㄗㄨㄛㄗㄘㄜㄘㄙㄜㄙ
example件窘秦宣哲之扯赤社是惹日仄左字策次色斯
Tones
IPA ma˥˥ma˧˥ma˨˩˦ma˥˩ma
Pinyin māmámǎmàma
Tongyong Pinyin mamȧ
Wade–Giles ma1ma2ma3ma4ma
Bopomofo ㄇㄚㄇㄚˊㄇㄚˇㄇㄚˋ˙ㄇㄚ
example (Chinese characters)媽麻馬罵嗎

See also

Related Research Articles

Hanyu Pinyin, or simply pinyin, is the most common romanization system for Standard Chinese. In official documents, it is referred to as the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet. It is the official system used in China, Singapore, Taiwan, and by the United Nations. Its use has become common when transliterating Standard Chinese mostly regardless of region, though it is less ubiquitous in Taiwan. It is used to teach Standard Chinese, normally written with Chinese characters, to students already familiar with the Latin alphabet. The system makes use of diacritics to indicate the four tones found in Standard Chinese, though these are often omitted in various contexts, such as when spelling Chinese names in non-Chinese texts, or when writing non-Chinese words in Chinese-language texts. Pinyin is also used by various input methods on computers and to categorize entries in some Chinese dictionaries. Hànyǔ literally means 'Han language'—meaning, the Chinese language—while pinyin literally means 'spelled sounds'.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wade–Giles</span> Romanization scheme for Mandarin Chinese

Wade–Giles is a romanization system for Mandarin Chinese. It developed from a system produced by Thomas Francis Wade, during the mid-19th century, and was given completed form with Herbert A. Giles's Chinese–English Dictionary of 1892.

Taiwan is divided into multi-layered statutory subdivisions. Due to the complex political status of Taiwan, there is a significant difference in the de jure system set out in the original constitution and the de facto system in use today.

Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II, abbreviated MPS II, is a romanization system formerly used in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was created to replace the complex tonal-spelling Gwoyeu Romatzyh, and to co-exist with the popular Wade–Giles (romanization) and Zhuyin (non-romanization). It is sometimes referred to as Gwoyeu Romatzyh 2 or GR2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taichung</span> Special municipality in Republic of China

Taichung, officially Taichung City, is a special municipality located in central Taiwan. Taichung has approximately 2.85 million residents and is the second largest city of Taiwan, as well as the most populous city in Central Taiwan. It serves as the core of the Taichung–Changhua metropolitan area, the second largest metropolitan area in Taiwan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chinese postal romanization</span> System of romanization of Chinese place names

Postal romanization was a system of transliterating place names in China developed by postal authorities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For many cities, the corresponding postal romanization was the most common English-language form of the city's name from the 1890s until the 1980s, when postal romanization was replaced by pinyin, but the system remained in place on Taiwan until 2002.

Chungcheng is a common name for places, roads, schools or organizations in Chinese-speaking areas, predominantly in Taiwan. The majority of these places and things are named after Chiang Chung-cheng, the preferred given name of Chiang Kai-shek.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Romanization of Chinese</span> Writing Chinese with the Latin alphabet

Romanization of Chinese is the use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Chinese. Chinese uses a logographic script and its characters do not represent phonemes directly. There have been many systems using Roman characters to represent Chinese throughout history. Linguist Daniel Kane wrote, "It used to be said that sinologists had to be like musicians, who might compose in one key and readily transcribe into other keys." The dominant international standard for Standard Mandarin since about 1982 has been Hanyu Pinyin, invented by a group of Chinese linguists, including Zhou Youguang, in the 1950s. Other well-known systems include Wade–Giles and Yale romanization.

There are many romanization systems used in Taiwan. The first Chinese language romanization system in Taiwan, Pe̍h-ōe-jī, was developed for Taiwanese by Presbyterian missionaries and has been promoted by the indigenous Presbyterian Churches since the 19th century. Pe̍h-ōe-jī is also the first written system of Taiwanese Hokkien; a similar system for Hakka was also developed at that time. During the period of Japanese rule, the promotion of roman writing systems was suppressed under the Dōka and Kōminka policy. After World War II, Taiwan was handed over from Japan to the Republic of China in 1945. The romanization of Mandarin Chinese was also introduced to Taiwan as official or semi-official standard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cijin District</span> District in Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Cijin District is a district of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, covering Cijin Island (旗津島) and islands in the South China Sea. It is the second smallest district in Kaohsiung City after Yancheng District, with an area of 1.4639 square kilometers, or 0.5652 square miles. It has a population of 26,282 as of October 2023, making it the 26th most populated district in Kaohsiung, with a population density of 18,414 people per square kilometer, or 47,692 people per square mile.

Bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ), also called Zhuyin, occasionally Mandarin Phonetic Symbols, is a Chinese transliteration and writing system for Mandarin Chinese and other related languages and dialects. More commonly used in Taiwanese Mandarin, it may also be used to transcribe other varieties of Chinese, particularly other varieties of Mandarin Chinese dialects, as well as languages like Taiwanese Hokkien. Consisting of 37 characters and five tone marks, it transcribes all possible sounds in Mandarin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gangshan District</span> District in Southern Taiwan, Taiwan

Gangshan District, is a suburban district in Kaohsiung City in southern Taiwan. It has 95,532 inhabitants in October 2023. The township is part of the suburbs of Kaohsiung City which encompass 10 cities out of 18 in the official Kaohsiung Metro Area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qieding District</span> District in Southern Taiwan, Taiwan

Qieding District is a coastal suburban district in Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lujhu District, Kaohsiung</span> District in Southern Taiwan, Taiwan

Lujhu District (Chinese: 路竹區; Hanyu Pinyin: Lùzhú Qū; Tongyong Pinyin: Lùjhú Cyu; Wade–Giles: Lu4-chu2 Ch'ü1) is a suburban district of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinsing District, Kaohsiung</span> District in Southern Taiwan, Taiwan

Sinsing District is a downtown district of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Longci District</span> District

Longci District, alternatively spelled Longqi. is a rural district of about 3,634 residents in Tainan, Taiwan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sigang District</span> District

Sigang District, alternatively spelled Xigang, is a rural district of about 24,611 residents in Tainan, Taiwan. It is home to two elementary schools, one junior high school, and one high school.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaohsiung Lighthouse</span> Lighthouse in Qijin, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

The Kaohsiung Lighthouse, also called Cihou Lighthouse or Cijin Lighthouse, is a lighthouse in Cijin District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

References

  1. 1 2 "Tongyong Pinyin the new system for romanization". Taipei Times. 11 July 2002. p. 3.
  2. ↑ "Taiwan Authority Concerned Passes Tongyong Pinyin Scheme". People's Daily Online. 12 July 2002.
  3. 1 2 3 Shih Hsiu-Chuan (18 September 2008). "Hanyu Pinyin to be standard system in 2009". Taipei Times. p. 2.
  4. 1 2 3 "Gov't to improve English-friendly environment". The China Post. 18 September 2008. Archived from the original on 19 September 2008. But local governments will not be able to get financial aid from the central government if they insist on using the provincial Tongyong Pinyin system for all new street signs, documents, tourist maps, and other things related to Chinese romanization.
  5. ↑ "NOTICE TO READERS". Taipei Times . 25 August 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2019. To reflect general acceptance of the Tongyong Pinyin system by local governments, from today, Taipei Times will adopt this as the default Romanization system for place names in Taiwan. Exceptions apply for Taipei City, for which the Hanyu Pinyin system applies; city and county names whose traditional spelling has been retained (e.g., Kaohsiung, Keelung, Hsinchu); and localities with commonly accepted variations (e.g. Tamsui).
  6. ↑ Liu Chien-kuo; Chen Ting-fei; Kuan Bi-ling; Cheng Pao-chin (18 January 2017). "Language: A tool for messages or identity". Taipei Times . Retrieved 29 July 2019. Since Taiwan's Tongyong pinyin is closer to how English is actually pronounced and spoken around the world, – it uses "si" instead of "xi" – the new MRT line should use Tongyong pinyin. Kaohsiung's MRT has used Tongyong pinyin for many years, yet foreign visitors and residents have no problem navigating the system.
  7. ↑ 劉婉君 (15 October 2018). 路牌改通用拼音？ 南市府：已採用多年. Liberty Times (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 28 July 2019. 基進黨台南市東區市議員參選人李宗霖今天指出，台南市路名牌拼音未統一、音譯錯誤等，建議統一採用通用拼音。對此，台南市政府交通局回應，南市已實施通用拼音多年，將全面檢視路名牌，依現行音譯方式進行校對改善。
  8. ↑ Eryk Smith (27 November 2017). "OPINION: Hanyu Pinyin Should Not Be Political, Kaohsiung" . Retrieved 13 July 2019. why does Kaohsiung City insist on making visitors guess what 'Shihcyuan' is supposed to represent? Especially when a few blocks away, the same road has somehow morphed into 'Shiquan' (十全路) Road? Move away from Kaohsiung's city center and streets, neighborhoods or townships can have several romanized names ... sometimes on the same signage.{...}The refusal to adopt Hanyu in Kaohsiung seems based on nothing more than groundless fear of loss of identity or diminished regional autonomy. Listen, Kaohsiung: we won't lose our identity or our freedom by changing the romanized spelling of Singjhong Road (興中)to Xingzhong.
  9. ↑ "Administrative Districts". Kaohsiung City Government. 30 September 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2019. Taoyuan District Maolin District Namasia District Jiasian District Liouguei District Shanlin District Meinong District Neimen District Cishan District Dashu District Daliao District Zihguan District Linyuan District Tianliao District Yanchao District Dashe District Renwu District Siaogang District Fongshan District Mituo District Alian District Gangshan District Niaosong District Ciaotou District Nanzih District Zuoying District Gushan District Sanmin District Sinsing District Cianjin District YanCheng District Lingya District Cijin District Cianjhen District Hunei District Lujhu District Cheting District Yongan District
  10. ↑ "District Office". Tainan City Government Global Website. 3 June 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2019. Eastern District Office North District Office West Central District Office South District Office Anping District Office Annan District Office Sinying District Office Yanshuei District Office Baihe District Office Liouying District Office Houbi District Office Dongshan District Office Madou District Office Xiaying District Office Lioujia District Office Guantian District Office Danei District Office Jiali District Office Syuejia District Office Sigang District Office Cigu District Office Jiangjyun District Office Beimen District Office Sinhua District Office Shanhua District Office Sinshih District Office Shanshang District Office Yujing District Office Nansi District Office Nanhua District Office Zuojhen District Office Rende District Office Gueiren District Office Guanmiao District Office Longci District Office Yong Kang District Office Anding District Office
  11. ↑ 喻文玟 (15 June 2019). 漢語拼音vs.通用拼音 中市捷運、街道不同調. 聯合新聞網 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 28 July 2019. 台中捷運綠線明年底通車，目前18站有命名爭議，捷運迷也發現，車站名稱的英文拼音「一市兩制」，台中的道路採「漢語拼音」，捷運站是用「通用拼音」，以主要幹道文心路為例，路牌是漢語拼音「wenxin」；捷運站是通用拼音「wunsin」。
  12. 1 2 Ching-Tse Cheng (25 August 2020). "Station names of central Taiwan Metro pass preliminary review". Taiwan News . Retrieved 31 August 2020. The Taichung City Council on Monday (Aug. 24) gave initial approval to station names on the Taichung Mass Rapid Transit's (TMRT) green line, which is set to begin operation by the end of this year.
    After a preliminary inspection of the 16.71-km line Monday, the city council gave a nod to the 18 station names on the green line. The English station names were converted using Tongyong pinyin (通用拼音) while four of the stations will also have alternate names, according to CNA.
  13. ↑ "Village, Township and City offices". 雲林縣政府 YUNLIN COUNTY GOVERNMENT. 24 September 2019. Retrieved 27 March 2020. Title PostDate Shueilin Township{...}Linnei Township{...}Kouhu Township{...}Cihtong Township{...}Sihhu Township{...}Dapi Township{...}Yuanchang Township{...}Gukeng Township{...}Taisi Township{...}Beigang Township{...}Baojhong Township{...}Tuku Township{...}Dongshih Township{...}Siluo Township{...}Mailiao Township{...}Huwei Township{...}Lunbei Township{...}Dounan Township{...}Erlun Township{...}Douliou City{...}
  14. ↑ "Information". Zhongshan District Office, Keelung City. Retrieved 28 September 2019. Wunhua Rd. Fusing Rd. Fusing Rd.
  15. ↑ "bg01". 基隆市信義區公所 (in Chinese (Taiwan) and English). Retrieved 28 September 2019. 基隆市信義區公所 Keelung City Sinyi District Office
  16. ↑ "Introduction". Sinyi District Household Registration Office, Keelung. Retrieved 28 September 2019. Subordinated to Keelung City Government, Sinyi District Household Registration Office is located in the center of Keelung City. The current district area is 10.670 sq. km., including 20 villages and 412 neighborhoods in total. Since many government institutions are here and a large proportion of the residents are government officials, Sinyi District is also called ¡§educational and cultural district.¡¨ It is adjacent to Jhongjheng District in the east and north, Renai District in the south, Rueifang District, New Taipei City in the South-east.
  17. ↑ "History". Cijin District Office,Kaohsiung City. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019. Retrieved 13 July 2019. Cijin district
  18. ↑ Hsu Wen-lian (19 July 2002). "Rush to Tongyong Pinyin reckless". Taipei Times. p. 8.
  19. ↑ Lin Mei-chun (17 July 2002). "Minister to play down Tongyong controversy". Taipei Times. p. 3.
  20. ↑ "Hanyu, Tongyong: survival of the fittest?". The China Post. 2 January 2007.
  21. ↑ "Taiwan to standardize English spellings of place names". International Herald Tribune. 27 October 2007.
  22. ↑ Ko Shu-ling (5 October 2002). "Tide of Romanization could shift". Taipei Times. p. 2.
  23. ↑ Huang, Sandy (3 August 2002). "Ma remains Tongyong Pinyin holdout". Taipei Times. p. 2. Despite the central government's decision to make Tongyong Pinyin the official system for the Roman-ization of street signs, Taipei City Mayor Ma Ying-jeou (馬英九) yesterday remained firm in his stand that the Taipei City Government would continue using Hanyu Pinyin as its Romanization standard.
  24. ↑ Martin Boyle (22 January 2017). "Pinyin and a Taiwanese identity" . Retrieved 14 July 2019. Taiwan has held on to traditional characters and bopomofo, resolutely resisted simplified characters, mostly retained Wade–Giles and Yale for personal, political and geographical names in Taiwan, but grudgingly accepted the linguistic arguments for Hanyu pinyin signage in public spaces.
  25. ↑ Swofford, Mark (2 October 2006). "MOE approves Taiwanese romanization; Tongyongists protest" . Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  26. ↑ Tsai, Chih-Hao (1 July 2004). "Similarities Between Tongyong Pinyin and Hanyu Pinyin: Comparisons at the Syllable and Word Levels" . Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  27. ↑ Hong, Charles (15 November 2004). "Promote Tongyong Pinyin" . Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  28. ↑ Hwang Hsuan-fan; Chiang Wen-yu; Lo Seo-gim; Cheng Liang-wei (9 January 2000). "Romanization must strike a balance". Archived from the original on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
  29. ↑ Te Khai-su (21 January 2017). "Letter: Phoney pinyin war". Taipei Times. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017.
  30. ↑ "Tongyong Pinyin romanization system for Mandarin Chinese". Pinyin.info. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
Preceded by Official romanization adopted
by Taiwan (Republic of China)
2002–2008		Succeeded by
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.