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References
- ↑ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR 2718766
- ↑ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984), Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology, Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3, ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Min". Glottolog . Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7398962 . Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ↑ Suryadinata, L. (1976). Indonesian Policies toward the Chinese Minority under the New Order. Asian Survey, 16(8), 770–787. https://doi.org/10.2307/2643578
- ↑ "KUMPULAN KALIMAT DENGAN BAHASA HOKKIEN" . Retrieved 2023-10-13.
- ↑ "2. Penang and the Big Five in Regional Context", Penang Chinese Commerce in the 19th Century, ISEAS Publishing, pp. 14–46, 2015-12-31, retrieved 2023-10-13
- ↑ Wilson, H. E.; Khoo, Gilbert; Lo, Dorothy (1980). "Asian Transformation. A History of South-East, South and East Asia". Pacific Affairs. 53 (2): 306. doi:10.2307/2757476. ISSN 0030-851X.
- ↑ Dussubieux, Laure; Soedewo, Ery (2018). "The glass beads of Kampai Island, Sumatra". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 10 (5): 1129–1139. doi:10.1007/s12520-016-0438-5. ISSN 1866-9557.
- ↑ McKinnon, E. E. (1977). "Research at Kota Cina, a Sung-Yüan period trading site in East Sumatra". Archipel. 14 (1): 19–32. doi:10.3406/arch.1977.1355.
- ↑ Anderson, John (1826). Mission to the east coast of Sumatra, in 1823, under the direction of the Government of Prince of Wales Island. United Kingdom: Edinburgh : Blackwood ; London : Cadell. p. 296.
- ↑ Anderson, John (1826). Mission to the east coast of Sumatra, in 1823, under the direction of the Government of Prince of Wales Island. United Kingdom: Edinburgh : Blackwood ; London : Cadell. p. 318
- ↑ Anthony Reid, An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese & Other Histories of Sumatra (Singapore: Singapore University Press, 2005), p. 223.
- ↑ Jones, R. (2009). The Chiangchew Hokkiens, the True Pioneers in the Nanyang. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 82(2 (297)), 46. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41493748
