Kayeli language

Last updated
Kayeli
Bahasa Kayeli
Native to Indonesia, Maluku
Region Buru Island
Extinct 1989 [1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 kzl
Glottolog kaye1241
ELP Kayeli

Kayeli (Indonesian : Bahasa Kayeli) is an extinct Austronesian language once used by the Kayeli people of the Indonesian island Buru. Two dialects were recognized, namely Leliali (Liliali) and Lumaete (Lumaiti, Mumaite, Lumara).

History

Whereas about 800 Kayeli people still live in the southern coast of the Kayeli Bay, in the eastern part of Buru, as of 1995, only 3 elderly people could speak the language and have not used it for three decades; other natives changed to Ambonese Malay. The latter is widely used in the Maluku Islands as a second language and is a simplified form of Indonesian with additions of the local lexicon. [2]

A 1983 literature review indicated about 1,000 speakers of Kayeli; however, a field survey conducted in 1989 on Buru island located only four speakers, two men and two women, all in their sixties. They have not used the language for over 30 years and had difficulties in summarizing the basic lexicon. [3] The last speaker of the Leliali dialect died in 1989 and no speakers of Lumaete could be located by then. A little more than 400 basic Kayeli words could be assembled, of which 13% were loanwords from Malay, Arabic, Portuguese and Sanskrit. [4] They revealed significant phonetic and lexical difference with the Buru language – the lexical similarity of Leliali dialect with the closest Buru dialect of Masarete was 45%. [5]

The most detailed study of Kayeli language was conducted in the 1980s by Charles E. Grimes and Barbara Dix Grimes – Australian missionaries and ethnographers, active members of SIL International (they should not be confused with Joseph E. Grimes and Barbara F. Grimes, Charles' parents, also known Australian ethnographers). They use Kayeli language as an example in the analysis of the causes of recent extinction of some Malayo-Polynesian languages. [6] [7] [8]

Related Research Articles

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Lisela people

Lisela or Rana people is an ethnic group mostly living on Indonesian island Buru, as well as on some other Maluku Islands. They belong to the eastern Indonesian anthropological group and are sometimes referred to as northern Buru people. From an ethnographic point of view, Lisela are similar to other indigenous peoples of Buru island. They speak the Lisela language.

Kayeli people

Kayeli people is an ethnic group mainly living on the southern coast of the Kayeli Gulf of Indonesian island Buru, mainly from the Kaiely Gulf. From an ethnographic point of view, Kayeli are close to other indigenous people of Buru, such as Lisela and Buru.

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Helong language

Helong is a Central Malayo-Polynesian language of West Timor. Speakers are interspersed with those of Amarasi. This language has become endangered as a result of its native speakers marrying those who do not speak Helong, and as a result of coming in contact with the outside community. Helong speakers are found in four villages on the South-Western coast of West Timor, as well as on Semau Island, a small island just off the coast of West Timor. The mostly Christian, slightly patriarchal society of Semau do their best to send their children away to Bali to earn money to send home.

References

  1. Kayeli at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. "Kayeli: A language of Indonesia (Maluku)". Ethnologue: Languages of the World.
  3. Grimes, C. E. (2009). "4 Digging for the Roots of Language Death in Eastern Indonesia: The Cases of Kayeli and Hukumina". In Florey, Margaret (ed.). Endangered Languages of Austronesia. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 74. ISBN   0199544549.
  4. Grimes, B. D. (1994). "Cloves and nutmeg, traders and wars: Language contact in the Spice Islands Barbara". In Dutton, Thomas Edward; Tryon, Darrell T. (eds.). Language Contact and Change in the Austronesian World. Walter de Gruyter. p. 260. ISBN   3-11-012786-5. PDF version
  5. "Languages of Indonesia (Maluku)". Ethnologue.
  6. "Publications by Barbara Dix Grimes". SIL International.
  7. "Publications by Charles E. Grimes". SIL International.
  8. "Chuck & Barbara Grimes, Wycliffe Bible Translators". Bethel Grove Bible Church. Archived from the original on 2010-10-19.