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Flores is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, a group of islands in the eastern half of Indonesia. Administratively, it forms the largest island in the East Nusa Tenggara Province. Including Komodo and Rinca islands off its west coast, the land area is 14,731.67 km2, and the population was 1,878,875 in the 2020 Census ; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 1,962,405. The largest towns are Maumere and Ende. The name Flores is of Portuguese origin, meaning "Flowers".
The Sikka people are an Indonesian ethnic group native to the region of east central Flores between the Bloh and Napung Rivers. In the city of Maumere, the center of the region and capital of the Sikka Regency, Sikka people occupy a separate block. The Sikka language, which is a member of the Timor-Ambon languages, is spoken by the Sikka people. The Sikka language has at least three recognized dialects, namely Sikka Natar dialect, Sara Krowe dialect and Ata Tana 'Ai or Sara Tana 'Ai dialect.
The Sikka language or Sikkanese, also known as Sika, is spoken by around 180,000 people of the Sika ethnic group on Flores island in East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. It is a member of the Central Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.
Lembata is an island in the Lesser Sunda Islands, also known as Lomblen island; it is the largest island of the Solor Archipelago, in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. It forms a separate regency of the province of Nusa Tenggara Timur. The island has a very irregular coastline with numerous bays and promontories, of which the largest is the Ile Ape peninsula on the island's north coast. The length of the island is about 80 km from the southwest to the northeast and the width is about 30 km from the west to the east. It rises to an elevation of 1,621 metres at Mount Ile Labalekang.
Uab Meto or Dawan is an Austronesian language spoken by Atoni people of West Timor. The language has a variant spoken in the East Timorese exclave of Oecussi-Ambeno, called Baikenu. Baikenu uses words derived from Portuguese, for example, obrigadu for 'thank you', instead of the Indonesian terima kasih.
Wetarese is an Austronesian language of Wetar, an island in the south Maluku, Indonesia, and of the nearby island Liran.
The Solor Archipelago is a group of islands in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia, lying to the east of Flores and the west of the Alor Strait and the Alor Archipelago. To the north is the west part of the Banda Sea, while to the south across the Savu Sea lies the island of Timor. The largest islands are, from west to east, Solor, Adonara, and Lembata, although there are many small islands as well.
Alorese is an Austronesian language spoken on Alor and the neighboring islands of the Alor archipelago in eastern Indonesia. It is not to be confused with non-Austronesian (Papuan) languages of the Alor–Pantar family which are also spoken in this region. It is also distinct from Alor Malay, a Malay variety which is currently supplanting Alorese as the language of wider communication in the region. Alorese is the native language of several immigrant communities located along the coast of the Alor Archipelago, especially at Alor Kecil and Kalabahi in Alor, and at Baranusa and Marisa in Pantar. It has also been used extensively as a trade language in the region. One of the varieties is Dulolong.
Maʼya is an Austronesian language of the Raja Ampat islands in Southwest Papua, Indonesia. It is part of the South Halmahera–West New Guinea (SHWNG) subgroup and is spoken by about 6,000 people in coastal villages on the islands Misool, Salawati, and Waigeo, on the boundary between Austronesian and Papuan languages.
The Lamahalot or Solorese people are an indigenous tribe located on Flores Island, Indonesia, and some smaller islands around it. Lamaholot people speak the Lamaholot language with different dialects, the number of speakers counts between 150,000 and 200,000.
Muyu, Moyu, is one of the Ok languages of South Papua, Indonesia.
Lewotobi is either a separate Central Malayo-Polynesian language or dialect of Lamaholot of Flores island in Indonesia. It is presented as a separate language by Ethnologue and Grimes (1997). Nagaya (2011), in his description of Lewotobi, disputes this, classifying it instead as a dialect of Lamaholot.
Lio is an Austronesian language spoken in the central part of Flores, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands in the eastern half of Indonesia. It belongs to the Central Flores subgroup.
Tondano is an Austronesian language spoken in the Tondano area of northeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is most similar to Tombulu and to Tonsea.
Mualang is an Ibanic Dayak language of Borneo. It is mostly spoken by the Dayak Mualang in parts of the Sekadau Regency and Sintang Regency in Indonesia.
Riung is a language of central Flores, in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. It has sometimes been considered a dialect of Manggarai to the west, but is only marginally intelligible with it.
Adonara is a Central Malayo-Polynesian language of the islands of Adonara and Solor, east of Flores in Indonesia.
Batuley is a language spoken on the Aru Islands of eastern Indonesia. It is close to Mariri; Hughes (1987) estimates that around 80% of lexical items are shared. The language's name comes from the Gwatle island, which the Batuley consider their homeland.
Mariri (Mairiri) is an Austronesian language spoken on the Aru Islands of eastern Indonesia. It is close to Batuley.
The Flores–Lembata languages are a group of related Austronesian languages spoken in the Lesser Sundas, on eastern Flores and small islands immediately east of Flores, Indonesia. They are suspected of having a non-Austronesian substratum, with extreme morphological simplification in Sika and secondarily in Alorese, but not to a greater extent than the Central Malayo-Polynesian languages in general.
References
- ↑ Alor at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Adonara at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Lamalera at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Lamaholot at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Ile Ape at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Lewotobi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
(Additional references under 'Language codes' in the information box) - ↑ Keraf, Gorys. 1978. Komposisi. Ph.D. dissertation, Flores.
- ↑ Hanna Fricke. 2019. The mixed lexicon of Lamaholot. 11th International Austronesian and Papuan Languages and Linguistics Conference (APLL11), 13–15 June 2019, Leiden University.
- ↑ Grimes, Charles (1997). A guide to the people and languages of Nusa Tenggara (PDF). Kupang: Artha Wacana Press.
- ↑ E. Douglas Lewis, People of the Source: The Social and Ceremonial Order of Tana Wai Brama on Flores. Foris Publications, 1988. "A small enclave of speakers of the Lamaholot (Solorese) language of Larantuka and East Flores, who are called Muhang by the Sikkanese, is found along the northern coast of the Tana 'Ai region of Sikka."
- ↑ Setelah Satu Tahun Tidak Bertemu, Inilah Saya.... Agnes Bemoe, April 2022.
- ↑ Kroon, Yosep B. (2016). A Grammar of Solor - Lamaholot: A Language of Flores, Eastern Indonesia. The University of Adelaide, Australia.
