Uma language

Last updated
Uma
Pipikoro
Native toIndonesia
Region Sulawesi
Native speakers
(20,000 cited 1990) [1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 ppk
Glottolog umaa1242
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Uma (known natively as Pipikoro) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Contents

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant inventory
Bilabial Alveolar Palato-
(alveolar)
Retroflex Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate
voiceless p t k ʔ
voiced b d g
prenasalized ᵐp ⁿt ⁿtʃ ᵑk
Fricative β s h
Trill r
Approximant l j ( ɭ )

Notes:

Orthographic notes:

Vowels

Vowel inventory
Front Central Back
Close iu
Close-Mid eo
Open a

Pronouns

Pronominals
 FreeABSERGGEN
1P (SG)akuʔ -a ku- -ku 
1P (PL.ex)kaiʔ -kai ki- -kai 
1P (PL.in)kitaʔ -ta ta- -ta 
2P (SG)iko -ko nu- -nu 
2P (PL)koiʔ -koi ni- -ni 
3P (SG)hiʔa -i na- -na 
3P (PL)hiraʔ -ra ra- -ra 

Notes: [2]

Numerals

The cardinal numbers from 1 to 10 are:

  1. isaʔ
  2. dua
  3. tolu
  4. opoʔ
  5. lima
  6. ono
  7. pitu
  8. walu
  9. sio
  10. hampuluʔ

Classification of Uma varieties

Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013) recognizes seven dialects of Uma.

Martens (2014) recognized six major dialects of Uma, [3] noting that the Tori'untu dialect is nearly extinct due to the encroachment of the Kantewu dialect and non-Uma languages.

Martens also identifies two dialects closely related to Uma spoken in the Pasangkayu Regency.

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References

  1. Uma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. 1 2 Martens 1988a , p. 168
  3. Martens, Michael P. (2014), Uma Dialect Word Lists, Sulawesi Language Alliance, pp. 1–2

Bibliography