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The Malayo-Polynesian languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages, with approximately 385.5 million speakers. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are spoken by the Austronesian peoples outside of Taiwan, in the island nations of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia in the areas near the Malay Peninsula, with Cambodia, Vietnam and the Chinese island Hainan as the northwest geographic outlier. Malagasy, spoken on the island of Madagascar off the eastern coast of Africa in the Indian Ocean, is the furthest western outlier.
Sko or SKO may refer to:
The Kaili–Pamona languages are a branch of the Celebic subgroup in the Austronesian language family spoken in western Central Sulawesi province, Indonesia.
The Wotu–Wolio languages are a group of closely related languages spoken in Sulawesi that belong to the Celebic subgroup of the Austronesian family.
The South Sulawesi languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian language family. They are primarily spoken in the Indonesian provinces of South Sulawesi and West Sulawesi, with a small outlying pocket in West Kalimantan.
The Celebic languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, formerly called Celebes. Almost all of the languages spoken in the provinces of Central Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi belong to the Celebic group. A few Celebic languages are located in South Sulawesi province. By number of languages, Celebic is the largest subgroup of Austronesian languages on Sulawesi.
On the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, 114 native languages are spoken, all of which belong to the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family. With a total number of 17,200,000 inhabitants, Sulawesi displays a high linguistic diversity when compared with the most densely populated Indonesian island Java, which hosts 4–8 languages spoken by 145,100,000 inhabitants.
Maanyan or Maʼanyan is an Austronesian language belonging to the East Barito languages. It is spoken by about 150,000 Ma'anyan people living in the province of Central Kalimantan and South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is most closely related to the Malagasy language spoken in Madagascar, although these languages are not mutually intelligible due to the geographical separation.
Seko is a district of North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A mountainous district with a population of 13,000 people, it is a relatively isolated region from the rest of the regency and province.
Seko Padang is an Austronesian language spoken in the North Luwu Regency of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Together with Seko Tengah, Panasuan and Budong-Budong, it belongs to the Seko branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup.
Seko Tengah is an Austronesian language spoken in the North Luwu Regency of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Together with Seko Padang, Panasuan and Budong-Budong, it belongs to the Seko branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup.
Limola is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is spoken in two villages in North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. It is classified as a member of the Badaic subgroup of the South Sulawesi languages.
Ulumandaʼ is an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is nearly intelligible with other Pitu Ulunna Salu languages, but Ulumanda’ is distinguished by an unusual series of front vowels.
Taeʼ is a language spoken in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It belongs to the Austronesian language family and is one of the languages of the ten tribes that inhabit the Tana Luwu region of South Sulawesi. The Taeʼ language is used by most of the inhabitants of the three regencies of Tana Luwu, and the city of Palopo. Taeʼ is part of the South Sulawesi group of languages. It is closely related to Toraja, and more distantly to Mandar, Massenrempulu, and Mamuju. Taeʼ is used as a lingua franca from south of the border with Buriko Wajo Regency to Malili East Luwu Regency, as well as in Tana Toraja and Massenrempulu.
Coastal Konjo is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia, which belongs to the Makassaric branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup. It is spoken along the coast in the southeastern corner of South Sulawesi in the regencies of Sinjai, Bulukumba and Bantaeng. It is closely related to, but distinct from Highland Konjo, which also belongs to the Makassaric languages.
Highland Konjo is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia, which belongs to the Makassaric branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup. It is spoken in the interior parts of Bone, Bulukumba, Gowa, and Sinjai regencies of South Sulawesi province, in the area to the northwest of Mount Lompobatang. It is closely related to, but distinct from Coastal Konjo, which also belongs to the Makassaric languages.
The Badaic languages include three closely related Austronesian languages spoken in the North Lore and South Lore districts in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, viz. Bada (Bada’), Behoa (Besoa), and Napu, and also Limola, spoken in North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. Bada, Besoa and Napu are 80–91% lexically similar and to a great degree mutually intelligible, but their speakers are culturally distinct.
Maiwa is an Austronesian language spoken by around 50,000 people in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It belongs to the Northern branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup, and is closely related to Duri, Enrekang and Malimpung.
Panasuan is an Austronesian language spoken in the border area of West Sulawesi and South Sulawesi provinces, Indonesia. Together with Seko Padang, Seko Tengah and Budong-Budong, it belongs to the Seko branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup.
The Seko languages are a group of four closely related Austronesian languages spoken in West Sulawesi and South Sulawesi provinces, Indonesia. They make up a primary branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup. The languages of the Seko branch are: Seko Padang, Seko Tengah, Panasuan and Budong-Budong.
References
- ↑ Budong-Budong at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ↑ Laskowske, Thomas. (2006). The Seko languages of South Sulawesi: a reconstruction. Paper presented at the Tenth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (10-ICAL), 17–20 January 2006, Palawan, Philippines.
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