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On the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, 114 native languages are spoken, all of which belong to the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family. With a total number of 17,200,000 inhabitants, Sulawesi displays a high linguistic diversity when compared with the most densely populated Indonesian island Java, which hosts 4–8 languages spoken by 145,100,000 inhabitants.
Mamuju is an Austronesian language spoken on the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia.
Limola is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is spoken in two villages in North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. It is classified as a member of the Badaic subgroup of the South Sulawesi languages.
Duri is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is the prestige variety of the Massenrempulu languages.
Ulumandaʼ is an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is nearly intelligible with other Pitu Ulunna Salu languages, but Ulumanda’ is distinguished by an unusual series of front vowels.
Bambam is an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is spoken in the Mambi and Tabang districts of Mamasa Regency, and in the Matangnga district of Polewali Mandar Regency. Together with Aralle-Tabulahan, Ulumanda', Pannei and Dakka, Bambam belongs to the Pitu Ulunna Salu languages, which form a subbranch within the Northern branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup.
Toraja-Saʼdan is an Austronesian language spoken in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It shares the name Taeʼ with East Toraja. Most of the Toraja language mapping was done by Dutch missionaries working in Sulawesi, such as Nicolaus Adriani and Hendrik van der Veen.
Coastal Konjo is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia, which belongs to the Makassaric branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup. It is spoken along the coast in the southeastern corner of South Sulawesi in the regencies of Sinjai, Bulukumba and Bantaeng. It is closely related to, but distinct from Highland Konjo, which also belongs to the Makassaric languages.
Highland Konjo is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia, which belongs to the Makassaric branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup. It is spoken in the interior parts of Bone, Bulukumba, Gowa, and Sinjai regencies of South Sulawesi province, in the area to the northwest of Mount Lompobatang. It is closely related to, but distinct from Coastal Konjo, which also belongs to the Makassaric languages.
Maiwa is an Austronesian language spoken by around 50,000 people in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It belongs to the Northern branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup, and is closely related to Duri, Enrekang and Malimpung.
Malimpung is a language spoken by around 5,000 people in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. It belongs to the Northern branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup, and is closely related to Duri, Enrekang and Maiwa.
Talondoʼ is an endangered Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Sarudu is an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is closely related to Uma.
Kalumpang is an Austronesian dialect cluster of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Its dialects are only slightly closer to each other than they are to related languages.
Pannei is an Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is nearly intelligible with other Pitu Ulunna Salu languages.
Dakka is an endangered Austronesian language of Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is spoken in the Wonomulyo district of Polewali Mandar Regency, and belongs to the Northern branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup.
Aralle-Tabulahan is an Austronesian language that belongs to the South Sulawesi subgroup. It is spoken in Mamasa Regency, West Sulawesi, Indonesia.
The Seko languages are a group of four closely related Austronesian languages spoken in West Sulawesi and South Sulawesi provinces, Indonesia. They make up a primary branch of the South Sulawesi subgroup. The languages of the Seko branch are: Seko Padang, Seko Tengah, Panasuan and Budong-Budong.
The Makassar languages are a group of languages spoken in the southern part of South Sulawesi province, Indonesia, and make up one of the branches of the South Sulawesi subgroup in the Austronesian language family. The most prominent member of this group is Makassarese, with over two million speakers in the city of Makassar and neighboring areas.
The Northern South Sulawesi languages are a subgroup of the South Sulawesi languages in the Austronesian language family. They are spoken in an area that stretches from the western peninsula of Sulawesi to the Gulf of Bone. Its most prominent members are Mandar and Toraja.
References
- ↑ Enrekang at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ↑ Friberg, Timothy and Thomas V. Laskowske. 1989. South Sulawesi languages. In: J.N.Sneddon (ed.), Studies in Sulawesi linguistics part 1, 1–17. (NUSA: Linguistic Studies of Indonesian and Other Languages in Indonesia, 31). Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri Nusa, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya.
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