Gorontalo Malay | |
---|---|
Bahasa Indonesia Gorontalo [1] | |
Mobisala Molayu | |
Native to | Indonesia (Gorontalo and Central Sulawesi) |
Region | Gorontalo and the northern part of Gulf of Tomini |
Ethnicity | Gorontaloan |
Native speakers | ~1.000.000 |
Malay-based creole languages
| |
Latin and Jawi [2] | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | None |
Gorontalo Malay, also known as Bahasa Indonesia Gorontalo or Mobisala Molayu in Gorontalo, [1] is a Malay-based creole language spoken by the majority of the Gorontalo people in the northern part of Sulawesi, Indonesia, especially in the province of Gorontalo, [3] [4] as well as in Buol Regency, Central Sulawesi. [5]
Linguistically, Gorontalo Malay us classified as a trade language and a Malay-based creole. [6] [7] It generally functions as a lingua franca in Gorontalo and its surrounding areas, including parts of the northern Gulf of Tomini, which are also inhabited by the Gorontaloan people. [8] [9]
The influence of Arabic is evident in Gorontalo Malay, with several Arabic words incorporated into the language, such as ana (أنا) for the first-person singular pronoun (I) and ente (أنت) for the second-person singular pronoun (you). [10]
Gorontalo Malay initially developed in the coastal regions of Gorontalo, particularly in port cities. It later absorbed influences from Arabic, Dutch, Ternate Malay, and primarily from Manado Malay, [11] alongside Gorontaloan as the native language of its speakers. [3] [12]
The language also shares similarities in vocabulary and grammar with Ternate Malay, a feature common to other Eastern Indonesian Malay varieties. One key difference between Gorontalo Malay and other Eastern Indonesian Malay varieties is its distinct pronunciation intonation, heavily influenced by the Gorontalo language. [5]
In Gorontalo Malay, there are several verbs and nouns derived from Malay that undergo a change in the pronunciation of the vowel phoneme, influenced by the speech patterns of the Gorontalo language. The vowel sound [ə] in standard Malay changes to [o] in Gorontalo Malay. For instance, bolajar (from belajar 'to study'), posawat (from pesawat 'airplane'), and moncuci (from mencuci 'to wash') reflect this phonetic shift. Additionally, the word Melayu 'Malay' is also pronounced as Molayu in Gorontalo Malay, further demonstrating this influence. [2]
Gorontalo Malay has pronouns or substitute words primarily based on Manadoic Malay languages (such as Manado Malay and Ternate Malay). [13]
There are several loanwords from foreign languages in the personal pronouns of Gorontalo Malay, particularly from Arabic.
Pronouns | Glosa | Gorontalo Malay |
---|---|---|
First person singular | I | ana |
First person plural | we | torang |
Second person singular | you | ente |
Second person plural | you all/you guys | ngoni |
Third person singular | he/she | dia, de |
Third person plural | they | dorang |
In Gorontalo Malay, the infix pe is used to indicate possession, similar to how -nya is used in standard Indonesian to denote ownership or possession. For example, in the phrase pe rumah (the house’s), pe indicates that the house belongs to someone or is associated with them. This construction helps to express possessive relationships in the language.
Glosa | Melayu Gorontalo |
---|---|
my book | ana pe buku |
your book | ente pe buku |
his/her book | dia pe buku, de pe buku |
our book | torang pe buku |
you guys' book | ngoni pe buku |
their book | dorang pe buku |
Malay is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore. Indonesian, a standardized Malay-based national variety, is the official language of Indonesia and is one of working languages in East Timor. Malay is also spoken as a regional language of ethnic Malays in Indonesia and the southern part of Thailand. Altogether, it is spoken by 290 million people across Maritime Southeast Asia.
In addition to its classical and modern literary form, Malay had various regional dialects established after the rise of the Srivijaya empire in Sumatra, Indonesia. Also, Malay spread through interethnic contact and trade across the south East Asia Archipelago as far as the Philippines. That contact resulted in a lingua franca that was called Bazaar Malay or low Malay and in Malay Melayu Pasar. It is generally believed that Bazaar Malay was a pidgin, influenced by contact among Malay, Hokkien, Portuguese, and Dutch traders.
Manado Malay, or simply the Manado language, is a creole language spoken in Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi province in Indonesia, and the surrounding area. The local name of the language is bahasa Manado, and the name Minahasa Malay is also used, after the main ethnic group speaking the language. Since Manado Malay is used primarily for spoken communication, there is no standard orthography.
Malaysian Malay or Malaysian —endonymically within Malaysia as Standard Malay or simply Malay — is a standardized form of the Malay language used in Malaysia and also used in Brunei Darussalam and Singapore. Malaysian Malay is standardized from the Johor–Riau dialect of Malay, particularly a branch spoken in the state of Johor south of the Malay Peninsula. It is spoken by much of the Malaysian population, although most learn a vernacular Malay dialect or another native language first.
Mongondow, or Bolaang Mongondow, is one of the Philippine languages spoken in Bolaang Mongondow Regency and neighbouring regencies of North Sulawesi (Celebes) and Gorontalo Provinces, Indonesia. With more than 200,000 speakers, it is the major language of the regency. Historically, it served as the official language of the Bolaang Mongondow Kingdom.
Jambi Malay, is a Malayic language primarily spoken by the Jambi Malay people in Jambi, Indonesia, but also spoken by migrants who have settled in Jambi. Jambi Malay is considered as a dialect of the Malay language that is mainly spoken in Jambi, but it is also used in the southern part of Riau and the northern part of South Sumatra. In Jambi, Jambi Malay has eight dialects, including the Tanjung Jabung dialect, Jambi City dialect, Muaro Jambi dialect, Batanghari dialect, Tebo dialect, Bungo dialect, Sarolangun dialect, and Merangin dialect. Jambi Malay is used as a lingua franca and for interaction among the various ethnic groups in Jambi. The differences between each dialect in Jambi Malay range from about 51 to 80 percent.
The Gorontalo language is a language spoken in Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi, Indonesia by the Gorontalo people. With around one million speakers, it is a major language of northern Sulawesi.
The Minahasan languages are a subgroup of the Austronesian languages spoken by the Minahasa people in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. They belong to the Philippine subgroup.
Cikarang is a large industrial, commercial and residential town which includes the administrative headquarters of Bekasi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The biggest industrial estate in Southeast Asia, Kota Jababeka is located there.
Bangka or Bangka Malay, is a Malayic language spoken in Indonesia, specifically on the island of Bangka in the Bangka Belitung Islands of Sumatra. It is primarily spoken by the native Malay people of Bangka, as well as by immigrants from other parts of Indonesia and the Bangka Chinese, who use it as their second language in addition to their native Hakka. Bangka Malay is spoken exclusively on the island of Bangka, although it is related to Palembang Malay and Belitung Malay spoken on neighboring islands. There are five different dialects of Bangka Malay: the Pangkalpinang dialect, Mentok dialect, Belinyu dialect, Sungailiat dialect, and Toboali dialect. Each of these dialects has its own subdialects. Additionally, the Bangka Chinese community speaks their own dialect of Bangka Malay, which is influenced by Hakka. The differences between each of these dialects are mostly lies in their phonology and morphology, except for the Bangka Cina dialect, which also has slight differences in vocabulary.
Ternate is a language of northern Maluku, eastern Indonesia. It is spoken by the Ternate people, who inhabit the island of Ternate, as well as many other areas of the archipelago. It is the dominant indigenous language of North Maluku, historically important as a regional lingua franca. A North Halmahera language, it is unlike most languages of Indonesia which belong to the Austronesian language family.
The Talaud Islands Regency is a regency of North Sulawesi province, Indonesia. The Talaud Islands form an archipelago situated to the northeast of the Minahasa Peninsula, with a land area of 1,251.02 km2. It had a population of 83,434 at the 2010 Census, increasing to 94,521 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 97,312.
Gorontalo people, also known as Gorontalese, are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Gorontalo province. The Gorontalo people have traditionally been concentrated in the provinces of Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, and the northern part of Central Sulawesi.
There have been a number of Arabic-based pidgins and creoles throughout history, including a number of new ones emerging today. These may be broadly divided into pidgins and creoles, which share a common ancestry, and incipient immigrant pidgins. Additionally, Maridi Arabic may have been an 11th-century pidgin.
Gorontalo is a province of Indonesia on the island of Sulawesi. Located on the Minahasa Peninsula, Gorontalo was formerly part of the province of North Sulawesi until its inauguration as a separate province on 5 December 2000. The province is bordered by the provinces of North Sulawesi to the east and Central Sulawesi to the west, as well sharing a maritime border with the Philippines in the Sulawesi Sea to the north, and a coastline on the Gulf of Tomini to the south. The provincial capital, as well as the main gateway to the province and its most populated city, is Gorontalo. The size is comparable to Vanuatu.
Pontianak Malay is a Malayic language primarily spoken by the Malay people in Pontianak and the surrounding areas in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is also widely spoken in neighboring regencies, including Kubu Raya and Mempawah, both of which were historically part of the now-dissolved Pontianak Regency. Pontianak Malay was also the primary language of the Pontianak Sultanate, a Malay state that once governed the area now known as Pontianak. In these regions, Pontianak Malay is not limited to being spoken exclusively by the Malay community. It functions as a lingua franca alongside standard Indonesian, enabling communication among the diverse ethnic groups in the area. However, the use of Pontianak Malay faces a slight threat as many speakers are gradually shifting to Indonesian, the national language.
Bedil is a term from Maritime Southeast Asia which refers to various types of firearms and gunpowder weapons, from small pistols to large siege guns. The term bedil comes from wedil and wediluppu in the Tamil language. In their original form, these words refer to gunpowder blast and saltpeter, respectively. But after being absorbed into bedil in the Malay language, and in a number of other cultures in the archipelago, Tamil vocabulary is used to refer to all types of weapons that use gunpowder. The terms bedil and bedhil are known in Javanese and Balinese. In Sundanese the term is bedil, in Batak it is known as bodil, in Makasarese baddilik, in Buginese, balili, in Dayak language, badil, in Tagalog, baril, in Bisayan, bádil, in Bikol languages, badil, and in Malay it is badel or bedil.
Brebes Sundanese is the dialect of Sundanese language used by some people in Brebes Regency, Central Java, especially in the southern and southwestern parts of the region. The area of Brebes Regency is one of the districts in Central Java which borders the West Java region.
Indonesian Arabic is a variety of Arabic spoken in Indonesia. It is primarily spoken by people of Arab descents and by students (santri) who study Arabic at Islamic educational institutions or pesantren. This language generally incorporates loanwords from regional Indonesian languages in its usage, reflecting the areas where it is spoken.
Sambas Malay is a Malayic language primarily spoken by the Malay people living in Sambas Regency in the northwestern part of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is also widely used in Bengkayang and Singkawang, both of which were formerly part of Sambas Regency before being split in 1999 and 2001 respectively. Sambas Malay contains unique vocabulary not found in Indonesian or standard Malay, although it shares many similarities with the vocabularies of both languages. It is closely related to Sarawak Malay, spoken in the neighboring Malaysian state of Sarawak, particularly in terms of vocabulary. The border between Sambas and Sarawak has fostered a long-standing connection between the Sambas Malay community and the Sarawak Malay community, existing even before the formation of Malaysia and Indonesia. It is also more distantly related to other Malay dialects spoken in West Kalimantan, such as Pontianak Malay, which exhibits significant phonological differences.