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Melanesia is a subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It extends from New Guinea in the west to the Fiji Islands in the east, and includes the Arafura Sea.
In addition to its classical and modern literary form, Malay had various regional dialects established after the rise of the Srivijaya empire in Sumatra, Indonesia. Also, Malay spread through interethnic contact and trade across the south East Asia Archipelago as far as the Philippines. That contact resulted in a lingua franca that was called Bazaar Malay or low Malay and in Malay Melayu Pasar. It is generally believed that Bazaar Malay was a pidgin, influenced by contact among Malay, Hokkien, Portuguese, and Dutch traders.
The indigenous peoples of Western New Guinea in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, commonly called Papuans, are Melanesians. There is genetic evidence for two major historical lineages in New Guinea and neighboring islands: a first wave from the Malay Archipelago perhaps 50,000 years ago when New Guinea and Australia were a single landmass called Sahul and, much later, a wave of Austronesian people from the north who introduced Austronesian languages and pigs about 3,500 years ago. They also left a small but significant genetic trace in many coastal Papuan peoples.
Merauke Regency is a regency in the far south of the Indonesian province of South Papua. It covers an area of 45,013.35 km2, and had a population of 195,716 at the 2010 Census and 230,932 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 243,722, comprising 126,508 males and 117,214 females. The administrative centre is the town of Merauke; this was projected since 2013 to become an independent city (kota) separate from Merauke Regency, but the alteration has been deferred. It is also the provincial capital of the province of South Papua, more specifically in Salor located in Kurik District. Merauke is the largest regency in Indonesia, with an area of 45,013.35 km2, slightly larger than Estonia.
There are more than 600 ethnic groups in the multicultural Indonesian archipelago, making it one of the most diverse countries in the world. The vast majority of these belong to the Austronesian peoples, concentrated in western and central Indonesia (Asia), with a sizable minority are Melanesian peoples concentrated in eastern Indonesia (Oceania). With its large population, Indonesia has the world's largest number of Austronesians and Melanesians.
Sorong Regency is a regency of the Southwest Papua province of Indonesia. It covers an area of 13,075.28 km2, and had a population of 70,619 at the 2010 Census, and 118,679 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as of mid-2023 was 129,963. Its administrative centre is the town of Aimas. Sorong Regency surrounds Sorong City (Kota) on the landward side; the city is administratively independent of the Regency and is not included in the above statistics; Sorong City has an airport, Sorong Airport, which also serves the Regency.
Christmas in Indonesia, locally known as Natal from the Portuguese word for Christmas, is celebrated with various traditions throughout the country.
Keerom Regency is one of the regencies (kabupaten) in the Papua Province of Indonesia. It was formed from the eastern districts then within Jayapura Regency with effect from 12 November 2002. It covers an area of 9,365 km2, and had a population of 48,536 at the 2010 Census and 61,623 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 63,499. The regency's administrative centre is at the town of Waris.
Tambrauw Regency is a regency of Southwest Papua Province, Indonesia, in the Bird's Head Peninsula of Papua Island. It was created on 29 October 2008 from what had been an eastern part of Sorong Regency, originally as part of the province of West Papua. Much of the regency is located on the Tamrau Mountains that the local government declarated Tambrauw as a "conservation regency".
Morori is a moribund Papuan language of the Kolopom branch of the Trans–New Guinea family. It is separated from the other Kolopom languages by the intrusive Marind family. All speakers use Papuan Malay or Indonesian as L2, and many know Marind.
Keuw is an unclassified language of New Guinea.
Waropen is an Austronesian language spoken at the Cendrawasih Bay of Indonesian Papua. It is fairly closely related to the Yapen languages. Dialects are Waropen Kai, Napan, and Ambumi.
Muyu, Moyu, is one of the Ok languages of South Papua, Indonesia.
Yonggom is one of the Ok languages of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. According to its speakers, it is part of a continuum of 9 mutually intelligible dialects of Muyu languages which also includes Muyu, North Muyu (Kadi), South Muyu, and Ningrum. Petabahasa by Indonesian Ministry of Education classified this language as Yonggom/Yongkom(BPS:1158 6) spoken in Kampung Ninati, although another name recorded for South Muyu(BPS:0917 2) is Yongon.
Seget is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula of New Guinea. It is spoken southwest of Sorong, in Walian, Sailolof, Segum, and Seget villages in Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua. Walian and Sailolof are villages (kampung) located in Salawati. Seget and Segun are currently districts in Sorong Regency.
Tsaukambo or Tsakwambo is one of the Greater Awyu languages spoken by inhabitants of Kampung Biwage, Kawagit District, Boven Digoel Regency in South Papua, Indonesia.
Salawati is an Austronesian language spoken on the west of Salawati Island, in the Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesian New Guinea.
The Salawati Kingdom is the Islamic kingdom that once stood in Salawati Island, Raja Ampat Regency, Southwest Papua. The center of the Salawati kingdom was located in the Samate village which is currently located in the North Salawati district.
References
- ↑ Ninggerum at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ↑ "Ningrum". Peta Bahasa (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-10-12.
