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Malay is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is also spoken in East Timor and parts of the Philippines and Thailand. Altogether, it is spoken by 290 million people across Maritime Southeast Asia.
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This article explains the phonology of Malay and Indonesian based on the pronunciation of Standard Malay, which is the official language of Brunei, Singapore and Malaysia, and Indonesian, which is the official language of Indonesia and a working language in Timor Leste. There are two main standards for Malay pronunciation, the Johor-Riau standard, used in Brunei and Malaysia, and the Baku, used in Indonesia and Singapore.
Lembak people, also known as Linggau people, are a local ethnic group that inhabits several areas of Bengkulu Province and South Sumatra Province in Indonesia. Their original settlements are in the border area between the two provinces, in the Barisan mountain range, with densely clustered villages pattern.
Natuna Malay is a variety of Malay language spoken by the people of Natuna Islands and its surroundings. Natuna Malay has similarities with Terengganu Malay, because the first ruler of Natuna, Datuk Kaya is said to be a descendant of the Pattani Sultanate which previously controlled the northern Malay Peninsula.
Malay local varieties is a local variety of the Malay language which is generally spoken in Peninsular Malaya, Kra Isthmus, Tanintharyi in Burma, Coastal Borneo, and Sumatra known as "Tanah Melayu" or "Alam Melayu". The local Malay variety is different from the Malay creole which was originally spoken by traders, and immigrant Malay was later spoken by the local people, whereas Malay local varieties were formed because of the Malay culture that developed in the area, not because of the combination of two different cultures.
References
- ↑ Jambi language at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Yanti; Tadmor, Uri; Cole, Peter; Hermon, Gabriella. 2015. Critò Kitò: A collection of Jambi stories in the Seberang Dialect. Jakarta: Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia [Indonesian Linguistic Society]. ISBN 978-602-17161-3-7 [Includes word list.]
- Żaneta Krulikowska, Nadra Nadra, & Muhammad Yusdi. (2020). Phonological Sketch of Malay Jambi Language of Sarolangun, Indonesia. Arbitrer, 7(2), 173–181. https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.7.2.173-181.2020
