Land Dayak languages

Last updated
Land Dayak
Bidayuh
Ethnicity Bidayuh
Geographic
distribution
Borneo, Sumatra
Linguistic classification Austronesian
Subdivisions
ISO 639-2 / 5 day
Glottolog land1261

The Land Dayak languages are a group of dozen or so languages spoken by the Bidayuh Land Dayaks of Borneo, and by some, also spoken by the Rejang people of southwestern Sumatra.

Contents

Languages

Glottolog

Glottolog classifies the Land Dayak languages as follows.

In 2020, Semandang was split into Beginci, Gerai, and Semandang for ISO 639-3 by SIL International. [1]

Smith (2017)

Smith (2017) [2] classifies the Land Dayak languages as follows.

West Kalimantan groups

List of Bidayuh-speaking Dayak ethnic subgroups and their respective languages in West Kalimantan province, Indonesia: [3] [4]

GroupSubgroupLanguageRegency
Angan Mali Landak
Badat Badat Sanggau
Bakati' Bakati' Kanayatn Satango Bakati' Bengkayang
Bakati' Bakati' Kuma Bakati' Bengkayang?
Bakati' Bakati' Lape Bakati' Bengkayang
Bakati' Bakati' Lumar Bakati' Bengkayang
Bakati' Bakati' Palayo Bakati' Bengkayang
Bakati' Bakati' Payutn Bakati' Bengkayang
Bakati' Bakati' Rara Bakati' Sambas, Bengkayang
Bakati' Bakati' Riok Bakati' Bengkayang
Bakati' Bakati' Sara Bakati' Bengkayang
Bakati' Bakati' Sebiha' Bakati' Bengkayang
Bakati' Bakati' Subah Bakati' Sambas, Bengkayang
Bakati' Bakati' Tari' Bakati' Bengkayang
Balantiatn Balantiatn-Banyadu' Sanggau, Landak
Banyadu' Banyadu' Bengkayang, Landak
Bi Somu Bi Somu Sanggau
Bubung Bubung (Badeneh) Landak
Butok Butok Bengkayang
Dosatn Dosatn Sanggau
Entabang Entabang/Entebang Sanggau
Golik Golik Sanggau
Gun Gun Sanggau
Hibun Hibun Sanggau
Jagoi Jagoi (Bidoi') Bengkayang
Jangkang Jangkang Benua Jangkang Sanggau
Jangkang Jangkang Engkarong Jangkang Sanggau
Jangkang Jangkang Jungur Tanjung Jangkang Sanggau
Jangkang Jangkang Kopa Jangkang Sanggau
Kanayatn Padakng Bakambai Landak
Kancikng Kancikng (Bemedeh) Ketapang, Sanggau
Keneles Keneles (Bekay) Sanggau
Keramay Keramay Sanggau
Kodatn Kodatn Sanggau
Koman Koman Sekadau
Kowotn Kowotn Bengkayang
Laur Laur Ketapang
Laya Laya Sanggau
Liboy Liboy Bengkayang
Mali Mali Sanggau, Landak, Ketapang
Mentuka' Mentuka' Sekadau
Muara Muara Sanggau
Mudu' Mudu' Sanggau
Pandu Panu Sanggau
Pantu Pantu Bamak Landak
Paus Paus Sanggau
Pompakng Pompakng Sanggau
Pruna' Mali Sanggau
Pruwan Pruwan Sanggau
Punti Punti Sanggau
Rantawan Rantawan Baaje' Landak
Sami Sami Sanggau
Sapatoi Sapatoi Landak
Sekajang Sekajang Sanggau
Selibong Selibong (Bamak) Landak
Senangkatn Senangkatn Sanggau
Sengkunang Baaje' Landak
Sikukng Sikukng Bengkayang, Sanggau
Simpakng Banyur Banyur Ketapang
Simpakng Kualatn Kualatn Ketapang
Simpakng Sajan Sajan Ketapang
Simpakng Semanakng Semanakng Ketapang
Sontas Sontas Sanggau
Suruh Suruh Sanggau
Suti Suti Bamayo Bengkayang
Taba Taba Sanggau
Tadietn Tadietn Bengkayang
Tameng Tameng Bengkayang
Tawaeq Tawaeq Bengkayang
Tengon Tengon Landak


Some possible Bidayuh-speaking Dayak ethnic subgroups and their respective languages in West Kalimantan province, Indonesia:

GroupSubgroupLanguageRegency
Daro' Daro' Sanggau
Mayau Mayau Sanggau
Sisang Sisang Sanggau
Sum Sum Sanggau
Tinying Tinying Sanggau
Joka' Randau Joka' Ketapang

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Kalimantan</span> Province of Indonesia

West Kalimantan is a province of Indonesia. It is one of five Indonesian provinces comprising Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo. Its capital and largest city is Pontianak. It is bordered by East Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan to the east, the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the north, and the Bangka Belitung Islands to the west and the Java Sea to the south. The province has an area of 147,037 km2, and had a population of 4,395,983 at the 2010 Census and 5,414,390 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 5,623,328, and was projected to rise to 5,695,500 at mid 2024. Ethnic groups include the Dayak, Malay, Chinese, Javanese, Bugis, and Madurese. The borders of West Kalimantan roughly trace the mountain ranges surrounding the vast watershed of the Kapuas River, which drains most of the province. The province shares land borders with Central Kalimantan to the southeast, East Kalimantan to the east, and the Malaysian territory of Sarawak to the north.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bidayuh</span> Ethnic group from Borneo

Bidayuh is the collective name for several indigenous groups found in southern Sarawak, Malaysia and northern West Kalimantan, Indonesia, on the island of Borneo, which are broadly similar in language and culture. The name Bidayuh means 'inhabitants of land'. Originally from the western part of Borneo, the collective name Land Dayak was first used during the period of Rajah James Brooke, the White Rajah of Sarawak. At times, they were also lesser referred to as Klemantan people. They constitute one of the main indigenous groups in Sarawak and West Kalimantan and live in towns and villages around Kuching and Serian in the Malaysian state of Sarawak, while in the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan they are mainly concentrated in the northern Sanggau Regency. In Sarawak, most of Bidayuh population can be found within 40 km of the geographical area known as Greater Kuching, within the Kuching and Serian Division. They are the second-largest Dayak ethnic group in Sarawak after the Iban and one of the major Dayak tribes in West Kalimantan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krio Dayak people</span> Ethnic group

The Krio people are a Dayak ethnic group in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. They live on the upper course of the Krio River and speak the Krio Dayak language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malayic languages</span> Subgroup of the Austronesian language family

The Malayic languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family. The most prominent member is Malay, a pluricentric language given national status in Brunei and Singapore while also the basis for national standards Malaysian in Malaysia and Indonesian in Indonesia. The Malayic branch also includes local languages spoken by ethnic Malays, further several languages spoken by various other ethnic groups of Sumatra, Indonesia and Borneo even as far as Urak Lawoi in the southwestern coast of Thailand.

The Ibanic languages are a branch of the Malayic languages indigenous to western Borneo. They are spoken by the Ibans and related groups in East Malaysia and the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan. Other Dayak languages, called Land Dayak, which are not Ibanic, are found in the northwest corner of Kalimantan, between Ibanic and non-Ibanic Malayic languages such as Kendayan and the Malay dialects of Sarawak and Pontianak.

The Kayanic or Kayan–Murik languages are a group of Austronesian languages spoken in Borneo by the Kayan, Morek Baram, Bahau, and related peoples.

The Barito languages are around twenty Austronesian languages of Indonesia (Borneo), plus Malagasy, the national language of Madagascar, and the Sama–Bajaw languages around the Sulu Archipelago. They are named after the Barito River located in South Kalimantan, Indonesia.

The Greater North Borneo languages are a proposed subgroup of the Austronesian language family. The subgroup historically covers languages that are spoken throughout much of Borneo and Sumatra, as well as parts of Java, and Mainland Southeast Asia. The Greater North Borneo hypothesis was first proposed by Robert Blust (2010) and further elaborated by Alexander Smith. The evidence presented for this proposal are solely lexical. Despite its name, this branch has been now widespread within the Maritime Southeast Asia region.

The Biatah language is spoken in the Malaysian state of Sarawak and the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.

The Tamanic languages are a small group of languages of Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan:

Bukar–Sadong is an Austronesian language mainly spoken by Bidayuh people in Sarawak but also in bordering regions of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. McGinn (2009) proposes that it is the closest relative of the divergent Rejang language of Sumatra.

Ribun is a Dayak language of Borneo.

Kendayan, or Salako (Selako), is a Malayic Dayak language of Borneo. The exact number of speakers remains unknown, but is estimated to be around 350,000.

Ot Danum is a Barito language of the central Borneo, Indonesia, spoken by the Ot Danum people. Dialects include Cihie and Dohoi.

Semandang, or Onya Darat, is a Dayak language of Borneo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahau people</span> Sub-ethnic group

Bahau people is a sub-ethnic group of the Dayak people who inhabit West Kutai Regency (9.3%), East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rejang people</span> Ethnic people in Indonesia

Rejang people are an Austronesian ethnolinguistic group, native to the some parts of Bengkulu Province and South Sumatera Province in the southwestern part of Sumatera Island, Indonesia. They occupied some area in a cool mountain slopes of the Barisan mountain range in both sides of Bengkulu and South Sumatra. With approximately more than 1,3 million people, they form the largest ethnic group in Bengkulu Province. Rejang people predominantly live as a majority in 5 out 10 regencies and city of Bengkulu Province, while the rest of them who lives in South Sumatera resides at 7 villages in the district called as Bermani Ulu Rawas. The Rejangs are predominantly an Islam adherent group with small numbers following a religion other than Islam. According to research, Rejang people are the descendants of the Bukar-Sadong people who migrated from Northern Borneo (Sarawak).

Rejang is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by the Rejang people in southwestern parts of Sumatra (Bengkulu), Indonesia. There are five dialects, spread from mountainous region to the coastal region of Bengkulu, including the Musi (Musai) dialect, the Lebong dialect, the Kebanagung dialect, the Rawas (Awes) dialect, and the Pesisir dialect.

Dusun Balangan language or Halong language is one of the Dayak languages spoken by the Halong Dayak people in the Balangan Regency, South Kalimantan, and in the village of Tanjung Pinang, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

References

  1. Lyons, Melinda (May 15, 2020). "ISO 639-3 Change Requests Series 2019Summary of Outcomes with Additions" (PDF). SIL International . Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  2. Smith, Alexander. 2017. The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification. PhD Dissertation: University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.
  3. Bamba, John (ed.) (2008). Mozaik Dayak keberagaman subsuku dan bahasa Dayak di Kalimantan Barat. Pontianak: Institut Dayakologi. ISBN   978-979-97788-5-7.
  4. Istiyani, Chatarina Pancer (2008). Memahami peta keberagaman subsuku dan bahasa Dayak di Kalimantan Barat. Institut Dayakologi.

Bibliography