Related Research Articles
In addition to its classical and modern literary form, Malay had various regional dialects established after the rise of the Srivijaya empire in Sumatra, Indonesia. Also, Malay spread through interethnic contact and trade across the south East Asia Archipelago as far as the Philippines. That contact resulted in a lingua franca that was called Bazaar Malay or low Malay and in Malay Melayu Pasar. It is generally believed that Bazaar Malay was a pidgin, influenced by contact among Malay, Hokkien, Portuguese, and Dutch traders.
Alorese is an Austronesian language spoken on Alor and the neighboring islands of the Alor archipelago in eastern Indonesia. It is not to be confused with non-Austronesian (Papuan) languages of the Alor–Pantar family which are also spoken in this region. It is also distinct from Alor Malay, a Malay variety which is currently supplanting Alorese as the language of wider communication in the region. Alorese is the native language of several immigrant communities located along the coast of the Alor Archipelago, especially at Alor Kecil and Kalabahi in Alor, and at Baranusa and Marisa in Pantar. It has also been used extensively as a trade language in the region. One of the varieties is Dulolong.
Lawangan is an Austronesian language of the East Barito group. It is spoken by about 100,000 Lawangan people living in the central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Lawangan has a high degree of dialectal diversity.
Morori is a moribund Papuan language of the Kolopom branch of the Trans–New Guinea family. It is separated from the other Kolopom languages by the intrusive Marind family. All speakers use Papuan Malay or Indonesian as L2, and many know Marind.
Komyandaret is a poorly documented Papuan language in Boven Digoel, South Papua, Indonesia. It is spoken in Firiwage District, alongside Tsaukambo as in Kaway Village. It is close enough that there is some mutual intelligibility.
The Bima language, or Bimanese, is an Austronesian language spoken on the eastern half of Sumbawa Island, Indonesia, which it shares with speakers of the Sumbawa language. Bima territory includes the Sanggar Peninsula, where the extinct Papuan language Tambora was once spoken. Bima is an exonym; the autochthonous name for the territory is Mbojo and the language is referred to as Nggahi Mbojo. There are over half a million Bima speakers. Neither the Bima nor the Sumbawa people have alphabets of their own for they use the alphabets of the Bugis and the Malay language indifferently.
Korupun (Korapun) is a Papuan language spoken in Yahukimo Regency, Highland Papua. Dialects are Korupun (Duram), Dagi, Sisibna (Gobugdua), Deibula, (Western) Sela. It is also known as Kimyal of Korupun; Kimyal is another name for Nalca. Indonesian Kemendikbud classified the former as Mek Nalca, while Korupun-Sela is classified as Kimyal.
Mekwei (Menggwei), or Mooi, is a Papuan language of Jayapura Regency, Papua, Indonesia. It is spoken in Kendate, Maribu, Sabron Dosay, and Waibrong villages.
Waropen is an Austronesian language spoken at the Cendrawasih Bay of Indonesian Papua. It is fairly closely related to the Yapen languages. Dialects are Waropen Kai, Napan, and Ambumi.
Ninggerum is one of the Ok languages of Papua New Guinea and South Papua, Indonesia. In Indonesia, the language is called Ningrum and is spoken in Kampung Jetetkun, Kampung Binkauk, and Kampung Detaw in Boven Digoel Regency.
Yonggom is one of the Ok languages of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. According to its speakers, it is part of a continuum of 9 mutually intelligible dialects of Muyu languages which also includes Muyu, North Muyu (Kadi), South Muyu, and Ningrum. Petabahasa by Indonesian Ministry of Education classified this language as Yonggom/Yongkom(BPS:1158 6) spoken in Kampung Ninati, although another name recorded for South Muyu(BPS:0917 2) is Yongon.
Faiwol is one of the Ok languages of Papua New Guinea. It is spoken at the headwaters of the Fly, Palmer, and Murray rivers in Western Province. There are numerous dialects, including Faiwol proper, Angkiyak, Wopkei, Setaman, Selbang, Dimtikin, and Kauwol on the Indonesian border.
Kopkaka (Kopka) is an Ok language spoken in Seredala District, Yahukimo Regency, Highland Papua. The villages that speak this language are Seredala, Moruf, Mosomduba, Burupmakot, and others.
Sekar (Seka) is a dialect of Sekar Onim language, an Austronesian language of the Onin Peninsula in Bomberai, West Papua.
Emem, or Emumu, is an Eastern Pauwasi language in Keerom Regency, Papua Province. It has only 25% lexical similarity with Zorop, the most distinct Eastern Pauwasi language.
Kosarek is a Papuan language used in Kosarek District, Yahukimo Regency, Highland Papua.
Jofotek-Bromnya is a Papuan language of Sarmi Regency, Papua, Indonesia.
Lamaholot, also known as Solor or Solorese, is a Central Malayo-Polynesian dialect cluster of Flores, Indonesia. The varieties may not be all mutually intelligible; Keraf (1978) reports that there are 18 languages under the name.
Onin or Onim is a dialect of Sekar Onim language, an Austronesian language of the Onin Peninsula in Bomberai, West Papua. Despite the small number of speakers, it is the basis of a local pidgin.
The Topoiyo language is an Austronesian language of West Sulawesi, Indonesia spoken by people in Tabolang Village, Topoyo District, Central Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi. Usually, Topoiyo speakers also speak Mamuju and Indonesian. Topoiyo is also spoken in other villages in Topoyo District, such as Salulebo, Topoyo, and Salupangkang villages.
References
- ↑ North Muyu (Niinati) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
South Muyu (Metomka) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - 1 2 Zahrer, Alexander. 2019. First data of Moyu, a lowland Ok language of New Guinea. 11th International Austronesian and Papuan Languages and Linguistics Conference (APLL11), 13-15 June 2019, Leiden University.
- ↑ "Kadi". Peta Bahasa (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-10-12.
- ↑ "Muyu Selatan". Peta Bahasa (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-10-12.
- ↑ "Muyu". Peta Bahasa (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-10-12.