Sumenep Madurese

Last updated
Sumenep Madurese
Bhâsa Madhurâ Songennep
Native to Indonesia
Region Sumenep
Ethnicity Madurese
Native speakers
1–1.5 million (2024)
Austronesian
Latin
Pèghu
Language codes
ISO 639-3 –
Glottolog sume1242
Locator kabupaten sumenep.png
Sumenep Regency (pink), where the Sumenep Madurese is spoken.
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Sumenep Madurese is a Madurese dialect spoken by the Madurese people in Sumenep Regency, as well as the islands located to the east of Madura. [1] This dialect is closely related to the Situbondo dialect which is spoken in the easternmost region of Java. [2]

Contents

The Sumenep dialect is used as a standard reference for the Madurese language, because in the past Sumenep was the center of the Madurese kingdom and culture, and is also considered the 'most refined language' compared to other dialects. [3]

History

Madurese language has several dialects. However, among these dialects, the East Madurese dialect, namely Sumenep, is considered the standard reference for the Madurese language. This standardization has existed since the Dutch colonial era. In addition, the East Madurese (Sumenep) dialect has the highest language level. Like the language level engghi-bhunten which was once a means of communication between the people and their king, and it originated from the Sumenep Palace. [3]

During the Dutch colonial era, this was reinforced by the issuance of the Decree (besluit) of the Kingdom of the Netherlands Number 44 Article 1, dated 21 September 1892, and the Decree of the Dutch East Indies: Staatblad the Dutch East Indies 1893, Article 6: That the East Madurese or Sumenep Madurese is the standard Madurese language. [3]

Vocabulary

Kinship vocabulary

Madurese greetings at the Sumenep Palace include the following greetings used in kinship vocabulary. [4]

GlossSumenep dialect
parentorèng tuwâ
grandpakaè
grandmanyaè
ancestorjuju’
childana’
grandchildkompoy
great-grandchildrenpèyo’
fifth generationkarèppèk

Color vocabulary

The vocabulary units for colors in the Sumenep Madurese generally take the form of words to mark the main color and phrases to mark the derived colors. Primary colors consist of 6 basic colors that have an implicit hierarchical order, as well as 3 non-basic colors. [5]

Gloss (primary color)Sumenep dialect
whitepotè
blackcelleng
redmèra
greenbhiru (ḍâun)
yellowkonèng
chocolatesokklat
Gloss (non-primary color)Sumenep dialect
bluebhiru
purplebungo
graybu-abu

Characteristic

The difference in the lexicon in the Sumenep dialect compared to other dialects, for example the use of the words jang-ghujangan 'lying around', aoroq 'massage', whereas in the Pamekasan dialect the words dung-tedungan 'lying around' and apecet 'massage' are used. Meanwhile, the known phonological differences in the Sumenep dialect include the words baqariq 'yesterday' and ban 'and', whereas in the Bangkalan dialect the words bariq 'yesterday' and biq 'and' are used. Apart from that, the intonation in the Sumenep dialect also shows the use of a prolonged rhythm at the end of the syllable in the final word of the utterance. [6]

The Sumenep dialect has a habit or characteristic of lengthening the pronunciation of words at the end, generally in words that end in a vowel, such as ghaneko called ghanekoo. [1]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Zainudin, Sodaqoh (1978). Bahasa Madura (PDF) (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayan.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ↑ Ramadhan, Gilang (25 May 2025). "Pengaruh Variasi Dialek Bahasa Madura di Bondowoso dan Situbondo". kumparan.com (in Indonesian). Kumparan. Retrieved 19 July 2025.
  3. 1 2 3 "Bahasa Madura Dan Peran Tim Nabara Kabupaten Sumenep". sumenepkab.go.id (in Indonesian). Sumenep Regency Government. 11 May 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2025.
  4. ↑ Subiyatningsih, Foriyani (1 January 2007). "Sistem Sapaan Bahasa Madura di Kraton Sumenep". dapobas.kemdikbud.go.id (in Indonesian). Data Pokok Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia . Retrieved 21 July 2025.
  5. ↑ Fadhilah, Nurul (2019). Nama-Nama Warna Dalam Bahasa Madura Di Kabupaten Sumenep: Sebuah Kajian Etnolinguistik (Thesis) (in Indonesian). S2 Linguistik. Surakarta: Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret . Retrieved 21 July 2025.
  6. ↑ Sutoko (1998). GEOGRAFI DIALEK BAHASA MADURA (PDF) (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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