| Hatam | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Papua |
| Region | Eastern Bird's Head |
Native speakers | (16,000 cited 1993) [1] |
West Papuan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | had |
| Glottolog | hata1243 |
| ELP | Hatam |
  Hatam  Hatam  Hatam | |
| Coordinates: 1°08′S134°02′E / 1.14°S 134.04°E | |
Hatam (also spelled Hattam, Atam) is a divergent language spoken on the island of New Guinea, specifically in the Indonesian province of West Papua.
Apart from Mansim (Borai), formerly listed as a dialect, Hatam is not closely related to any other language, and though Ross (2005) tentatively assigned it to the West Papuan languages, based on similarities in pronouns, Ethnologue and Glottolog list it as a language isolate [1] or small independent family. [2]
Hatam is spoken on the island of New Guinea in the following regencies in the Indonesian province of West Papua: [3]
The phonology of the Hatam language is listed below. In free form, both consonant and vowel phonemes can range to different sounds. [4]
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | |
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | ||
| geminated | pː | tː | kː | |||
| Nasal | voiced | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
| geminated | mː | nː | ||||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||
| Liquid | ɾ | |||||
| Semivowel | w | j | ||||
| Phoneme | Allophones |
|---|---|
| /p/ | [ p , pʰ , pɸ , ɸ ] |
| /t/ | [ t , tʰ ] |
| /c/ | [ c , cʰ ] |
| /k/ | [ k , kʰ , kx ] |
| /ɡ/ | [ ɡ , k , ɡː ] |
| /ɟ/ | [ ɟ , ɟː ] |
| /d/ | [ d , t ] |
| /b/ | [ b , p , bː ] |
| /ɾ/ | [ ɾ , l , lː ] |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | ɛ | ɔ | |
| Open | a |
| Phoneme | Allophones |
|---|---|
| /i/ | [ i , ɪ , ə ] |
| /ɛ/ | [ ɛ , e ] |
| /a/ | [ ä , a , ɐ ] |
| /ɔ/ | [ ɔ , o ] |
The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands in Indonesia, Solomon Islands, and East Timor. It is a strictly geographical grouping, and does not imply a genetic relationship.
West Papua, formerly Irian Jaya Barat, is an Indonesian province located in Indonesia Papua. It covers most of the two western peninsulas of the island of New Guinea: the eastern half of the Bird's Head Peninsula and the whole of the Bomberai Peninsula, along with nearby smaller islands. The province is bordered to the north by the Pacific Ocean, to the west by Southwest Papua Province, the Halmahera Sea and the Ceram Sea, to the south by the Banda Sea, and to the east by the province of Central Papua and the Cenderawasih Bay. Manokwari is the province's capital and largest city. With an estimated population of 569,570 in mid-2023, West Papua is the least populous province in Indonesia after South Papua, following the separation off in 2022 of the western half of the Bird's Head Peninsula to create the new province of Southwest Papua, containing 52% of what had been West Papua's population. Its population density is similar to Russia.
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Sumuri or Sumeri is a language spoken in Sumuri District, Teluk Bintuni Regency on the Bomberai Peninsula by about a thousand people.
Kamula is a Trans–New Guinea language that is unclassified within that family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005). Noting insufficient evidence, Pawley and Hammarström (2018) leave it as unclassified.
The Orya–Tor languages are a family of just over a dozen Papuan languages spoken in Western New Guinea, Indonesia.
Meyah is a West Papuan language spoken in North Manokwari District, Manokwari Regency, West Papua, Indonesia. The Meyah language is agglutinative and head-marking and has no grammatical cases. It has subject-verb-object word order, which comes from nearby Austronesian languages.
The Mongol–Langam, Koam, or Ulmapo languages are a language group of Keram Rural LLG, East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea belonging to the Ramu language family. Foley (2018) includes them within the Grass languages, but they were not included in Foley (2005).
Puragi, or Iwaro, is a Papuan language of the Bird's Head Peninsula spoken in Puragi village, Matemani District, South Sorong Regency, Southwest Papua.
Hatam–Mansim is a small language family of Western New Guinea, consisting of two languages:
