| Kaki Ae | |
|---|---|
| Tate | |
| Region | New Guinea |
| Ethnicity | 660 ethnic population (2015) [1] |
Native speakers | 630 (2015) [1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tbd |
| Glottolog | kaki1249 |
| ELP | Kaki Ae |
 Kaki Ae is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Kaki Ae, or Tate, is a language with about 500 speakers, half the ethnic population, near Kerema, in Papua New Guinea. It was previously known by the foreign designation Raeta Tati.
Kaki Ae has been proposed to be related to the Eleman languages, but the connections appear to be loans. [2] Søren Wichmann (2013) [3] tentatively considers it to be a separate, independent group. Pawley and Hammarström (2018) treat Kaki Ae as a language isolate due to low cognacy rates with Eleman, and consider the few similarities shared with Eleman to be due to borrowed loanwords. [4]
Kaki Ae is spoken in Auri, Kupiano, Kupla ( 7°59′26″S145°47′27″E / 7.990545°S 145.790882°E ), Lou ( 8°00′58″S145°48′48″E / 8.015988°S 145.813268°E ), Ovorio ( 7°59′14″S145°48′34″E / 7.987255°S 145.809446°E ), and Uriri ( 7°58′42″S145°47′41″E / 7.978345°S 145.794638°E ) villages in Central Kerema Rural LLG, Gulf Province. [5] [6]
The Kaki Ae pronouns are:
| sg | pl | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | nao | nu'u |
| 2 | ao | ofe |
| 3 | era | era-he |
Kaki Ae has no distinction between /t/ and /k/. (The forms kaki and tate of the name both derive from the rather pejorative Toaripi name for the people, Tati.)
The following basic vocabulary words are from Brown (1973), [7] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: [8]
| gloss | Kaki Ae |
|---|---|
| head | aro |
| hair | uʔumo |
| ear | oʔi |
| eye | ere |
| nose | noʔi |
| tooth | huʔu |
| tongue | anara |
| leg | fera |
| louse | saruta |
| dog | evera |
| bird | mini |
| egg | mini umu |
| blood | ivare |
| bone | uki |
| breast | ame |
| tree | oproro |
| man | aru |
| woman | aʔu |
| sun | lare |
| moon | fuiya |
| water | haime |
| fire | aiyeʔi |
| stone | ere |
| name | iru |
| eat | muake |
| one | okiao |
| two | uʔungka |
Trans–New Guinea (TNG) is an extensive family of Papuan languages spoken on the island of New Guinea and neighboring islands ‒ corresponding to the country Papua New Guinea as well as parts of Indonesia.
The Papuan languages are the non-Austronesian and non-Australian languages spoken on the western Pacific island of New Guinea in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, as well as neighbouring islands, by around 4 million people. It is a strictly geographical grouping, and does not imply a genetic relationship. The concept of Papuan (non-Austronesian) speaking Melanesians as distinct from Austronesian-speaking Melanesians was first suggested and named by Sidney Herbert Ray in 1892.
The Mairasi languages, also known as Etna Bay are a small independent family of Papuan languages in the classifications of Malcolm Ross and Timothy Usher, that had been part of Stephen Wurm's Trans–New Guinea proposal. They are named after Etna Bay, located in the southeastern corner of West Papua province, in Indonesia.
Purari (Namau) is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea.
Elseng is a poorly documented Papuan language spoken by about 300 people in the Indonesian province of Papua. It is also known as Morwap, which means "what is it?" ‘Morwap’ is vigorously rejected as a language name by speakers and government officials.
Abom is a nearly extinct language spoken in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. According to a 2002 census, only 15 people still speak this language. All of the speakers are older adults. Middle-aged adults have some understanding of it, but no children speak or understand Abom.
The Eleman languages are a family spoken around Kerema Bay, Papua New Guinea.
The Dagan or Meneao Range languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in the Meneao Range of the "Bird's Tail" of New Guinea, the easternmost Papuan languages on the mainland. They are the most divergent of the several small families within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.
The Kwalean or Humene–Uare languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in the "Bird's Tail" of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.
The Demta–Sentani languages form a language family of coastal Indonesian Papua near the Papua New Guinea border.
Pyu is a language isolate spoken in Papua New Guinea. As of 2000, the language had about 100 speakers. It is spoken in Biake No. 2 village of Biake ward, Green River Rural LLG in Sandaun Province.
Pawaia, also known as Sira, Tudahwe, Yasa, is a Papuan language that forms a tentative independent branch of the Trans–New Guinea family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005).
Kamula is a Trans–New Guinea language that is unclassified within that family in the classification of Malcolm Ross (2005). Noting insufficient evidence, Pawley and Hammarström (2018) leave it as unclassified.
Molof is a poorly documented Papuan language spoken by about 200 people in Molof village, Senggi District, Keerom Regency.
Amele is a Papuan language of Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Huar, Jagahala and Haija.
Selepet (Selepe) is a Papuan language spoken in Selepet Rural LLG, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.
Binandere is a Papuan language spoken in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea.
Mandobo, or Kaeti, is a Papuan language of Mandobo District in Boven Digoel Regency, Papua, Indonesia.
Dibiyasoa.k.a.Bainapi is a Papuan language of Western Province, Papua New Guinea.
The Northwest Papuan languages are a proposed language family of Papuan languages.
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