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Baa-mé
he-AG
pá-o
go-O
kalái
work
p-i-á.
do-PAST
He went and worked. [3]
The suffix -o (allophone -u in verbs with high vowels) also expresses actions originating, existing, or happening during the same period of time.
Baa-mé
she-AG
andá-ka
house-LOC
pitu-ú
sit-O
kalái
work
pi-ly-a-mó.
do-PRES
She is working while she is sitting in the house.
Namba-mé
I-AG
meé
for no reason
pyó-o
do-O
kat-e-ó-pa
stand-PAST-TEMP
baa-mé
he-AG
kalái
work
andáke
big
p-i-á.
do-PAST
While I was doing nothing he did a lot of work.
Or
I did nothing and then he did a lot of work. [3]
There are two different causal suffixes-pa and -sa. When the verb ends in a suffixed vowel regarding the past, these two suffixes are added together to fully conjugate the verb.
Baá-mé
he-AG
kalái
work
pyá-a
do-INF
ná-ep-e-a-mo-pa
NEG-come-PAST-CAUS
nambá
I
tánge-me
sefl-AG
kalái
work
ná-i-o.
NEG-do-PAST
Since he didn't come to work, I didn't work myself.
Namba-mé
I-AG
kalái
work
pyá-a
do-INF
ná-ep-e-o-pa/sa
NEG-come-PAS-CAUS
baá
he
tánge-me
self-AG
kalái
work
ná-p-i-a.
NEG-do-PAST
Since I didn't come to work, he didn't work himself.
Enga also includes conditional suffixes. These help distinguish what is considered 'real' conditions and 'irreal' conditions. A real condition is one in which real consequences can occur versus an irreal condition which denies the reality of the actions that are expressed as well as their consequences. To express a real conditional clause in the future tense the suffix -mo/-no are added to the verb with the addition of kandao dóko followed immediately after. For example, when connecting the following two sentences:
Akáli
man
dóko
DET
p-é-á.
go-PAST
The man went.
and
Énda
woman
dóko
DET
p-á-a-mo.
go-PAST-AUG.
The woman went.
Together, as a conditional clause, it would form:
Akáli
man
dóko
DET
alémbo
day before yesterday
pá-t-a-mo
go-FUT-AUG
kanda-ó
see-O
dóko
DET
énda
woman
dóko
DET
wámba andípu
before today
p-á-a-mo.
go-PAST-AUG
If the man went the day before yesterday, then the woman went earlier today.
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