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Indonesian is the official and national language of Indonesia. It is a standardized variety of Malay, an Austronesian language that has been used as a lingua franca in the multilingual Indonesian archipelago for centuries. Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation in the world, with over 270 million inhabitants—of which the majority speak Indonesian, which makes it one of the most widely spoken languages in the world.
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Manado Malay, or simply the Manado language, is a creole language spoken in Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi province in Indonesia, and the surrounding area. The local name of the language is bahasa Manado, and the name Minahasa Malay is also used, after the main ethnic group speaking the language. Since Manado Malay is used primarily for spoken communication, there is no standard orthography.
The Banjar or Banjarese is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to Banjar regions— in the southeastern Kalimantan of Indonesia. The Banjarese language is the de facto lingua franca for various indigenous community especially in South Kalimantan, as well as Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan in general.
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Lindu or Tado is an Austronesian language of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia spoken by the Lindu people. It is closely related to Moma.
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References
- 1 2 Moma at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- 1 2 3 Adriani, N.; Esser, S. J. (1939). Koelawische Taalstudie[Kulawi Language Study]. Bibliotheca Celebica, I, II, III (in Dutch). Bandoeng: A. C. Nix. (3 vols).
- ↑ Sneddon, J. N. (1993). "The Drift Towards Final Open Syllables in Sulawesi Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 32 (1): 1–44. doi:10.2307/3623095. JSTOR 3623095.
