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The indigenous peoples of Western New Guinea in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, commonly called Papuans, are Melanesians. There is genetic evidence for two major historical lineages in New Guinea and neighboring islands: a first wave from the Malay Archipelago perhaps 50,000 years ago when New Guinea and Australia were a single landmass called Sahul and, much later, a wave of Austronesian people from the north who introduced Austronesian languages and pigs about 3,500 years ago. They also left a small but significant genetic trace in many coastal Papuan peoples.
The Bauzi or Baudi tribe consists of a group of 2,000 people living in the north-central part of the Indonesian province of Papua. The Bauzi area consists of much of the west side of lower Mamberamo River area in northern Papua. The Bauzi people lived on hunting and gathering in the jungle. While the Bauzi people were historically an animistic people group, they are now 65% Christian. For the most part, tribal warfare is no longer a large part of Bauzi culture and all Bauzi people speak the same language. In recent years, linguists have been studying the language and translating various literature, including the Bible, into the Bauzi language.
Tidore is a language of North Maluku, Indonesia, spoken by the Tidore people. The language is centered on the island of Tidore, but it is also spoken in some areas of the neighbouring Halmahera. A North Halmahera language, it is unlike most languages in Indonesia which belong to the Austronesian language family. Tidore and other North Halmahera languages are perhaps related to languages of the Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua.
Papua New Guinea, a sovereign state in Oceania, is the most linguistically diverse country in the world. According to Ethnologue, there are 840 living languages spoken in the country. In 2006, Papua New Guinea Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare stated that "Papua New Guinea has 832 living languages ."
Kapori (Kapauri) is a Papuan language of Pagai village in Airu District, Jayapura Regency, Papua, Indonesia.
Demta, also known as Sowari and Muris, is a Papuan language on the north coast of Papua, Indonesia. It is spoken in Ambora, Muris Besar, Muris Kecil, and Yougafsa villages, all located in Demta District.
Dusner is a language spoken in the village of Dusner in the province of West Papua, Indonesia. Dusner is highly endangered, and has been reported to have just three remaining speakers.
The Abawiri language, is a Lakes Plain language of Papua, Indonesia. It is spoken in the village of Fuau, located along the Dijai River, a tributary to the Mamberamo River. Clouse tentatively included Abawiri and neighboring Taburta (Taworta) in an East Lakes Plain subgroup of the Lakes Plain family; due to the minimal data that was available on the languages at that time. With more data, the connection looks more secure.
Meninggo, or Moskona or Sabena, is a Papuan language spoken in Teluk Bintuni Regency on the north coast of West Papua, Indonesia.
Nafri is a Papuan language of Papua, Indonesia. It is spoken in Nafri village on southeast Yotafa Bay in Abepura District, Jayapura Regency.
Kosadle (Kosare) is a Papuan language of West Papua.
Towei (Towe) is a Western Pauwasi language of West New Guinea. It is spoken in Towe Hitam village, Towe District, Pegunungan Bintang Regency.
Emem, or Emumu, is an Eastern Pauwasi language in Keerom Regency, Papua Province. It has only 25% lexical similarity with Zorop, the most distinct Eastern Pauwasi language.
Demisa is a Papuan language of the Indonesian province of Papua, on the eastern shore of Cenderawasih Bay. It is spoken in Botawa, Desawa, and Muyere villages.
Woria is a nearly extinct Papuan language of the Indonesian province of Papua, on the eastern shore of Cenderawasih Bay. It is spoken in Botawa village, Waropen Regency, where the Lakes Plain language Saponi was also spoken.
Tefaro is a Papuan language of the Indonesian province of Papua, on the eastern shore of Cenderawasih Bay. It is spoken in Demba and Tefaro villages of Waropen Regency.
Sauri is a Papuan language of the Indonesian province of Papua, on the eastern shore of Cenderawasih Bay. It is spoken in Sauri-Sirami village, Masirei District, Waropen Regency.
Manem, or Jeti (Yeti), is a Papuan language of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesian Papua.
Jofotek-Bromnya is a Papuan language of Sarmi Regency, Papua, Indonesia.
Kaera is a Papuan language spoken on the northeastern coast of Pantar island in the Alor archipelago of Indonesia. It belongs to the Timor-Alor-Pantar language family. Kaera is used alongside Indonesian in religious contexts, but not used in education.
References
- ↑ Tunggare at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- Stokhof, W. A. L. (1983). Holle Lists: Vocabularies in Languages of Indonesia, Vol.5/2: Irian Jaya: Papuan Languages, Northern Languages, Central Highlands Languages. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 31–42.
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