East Asia

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East Asia
East Asia (orthographic projection).svg
Area11,840,000 km2 (4,570,000 sq mi) (3rd)
Population1.6 billion (2023; 4th)
Population density141.9 km2 (54.8 sq mi)
GDP (PPP)$47.6 trillion (2024) [1]
GDP (nominal)$25.7 trillion (2024) [1]
GDP per capita$16,000 (nominal) [1]
Demonym East Asian
Countries
Dependencies
Languages
Time zones UTC+7, UTC+8 & UTC+9
Largest cities List of urban areas:
UN M49 code030 – Eastern Asia
142Asia
001World
ཨེ་ཤ་ཡ་ཤར་མ་ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠽᠢشەرقىي ئاسىي
   North Asia
   Central Asia
   Western Asia
   South Asia
  East Asia
   Southeast Asia

The UNSD definition of East Asia is based on statistical convenience, [83] but others commonly use the same definition of Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, Taiwan, and Japan. [84] [85]

Certain Japanese islands are associated with Oceania due to non-continental geology, distance from mainland Asia or biogeographical similarities with Micronesia. [86] [87] Some groups, such as the World Health Organization, categorize China, Japan and Korea with Australia and the rest of Oceania. The World Health Organization label this region the "Western Pacific", with East Asia not being used in their concept of major world regions. Their definition of this region further includes Mongolia and the adjacent area of Cambodia, as well as the countries of the South East Asia Archipelago (excluding East Timor and Indonesia). [88]

Alternative definitions

In the context of business and economics, "East Asia" is sometimes used to refer to the geographical area covering ten Southeast Asian countries in ASEAN, Greater China, Japan and Korea. However, in this context, the term "Far East" is used by the Europeans to cover ASEAN countries and the countries in East Asia. On rare occasions, the term is also sometimes taken to include India and other South Asian countries that are not situated within the bounds of the Asia-Pacific, although the term Indo-Pacific is more commonly used for such a definition. [89]

Observers preferring a broader definition of "East Asia" often use the term Northeast Asia to refer to China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan, with the region of Southeast Asia covering the ten ASEAN countries. This usage, which is seen in economic and diplomatic discussions, is at odds with the historical meanings of both "East Asia" and "Northeast Asia". [90] [91] [92] The Council on Foreign Relations of the United States defines Northeast Asia as Japan and Korea. [80]

Climate

East Asia map of Koppen climate classification East Asia map of Koppen climate classification.svg
East Asia map of Köppen climate classification

East Asia is home to many climatic zones. It also has unique weather patterns such as the East Asian rainy season and the East Asian Monsoon. [93]

Climate change

Climate change is expected to exacerbate heat stress over at the North China Plain, which is particularly vulnerable as widespread irrigation results in very moist air. There is a risk that agricultural labourers will be physically unable to work outdoors on hot summer days at the end of the century, particularly under the scenario of greatest emissions and warming. Kang 2018 NCP irrigation RCPs.png
Climate change is expected to exacerbate heat stress over at the North China Plain, which is particularly vulnerable as widespread irrigation results in very moist air. There is a risk that agricultural labourers will be physically unable to work outdoors on hot summer days at the end of the century, particularly under the scenario of greatest emissions and warming.

Like the rest of the world, East Asia has been getting warmer due to climate change, and there had been a measurable increase in the frequency and severity of heatwaves. [95] :1464 The region is also expected to see the intensification of its monsoon, leading to more flooding. [95] :1459 China has notably embarked on the sponge cities program, where cities are designed to increase the area of urban green spaces and permeable pavings in order to help deal with flash floods caused by greater precipitation extremes. [95] :1504 Under high-warming scenarios, "critical health thresholds" for heat stress during the 21st century will be at times breached, [95] :1465 in areas like the North China Plain. [94]

China, Japan and the Republic of Korea are expected to see some of the largest economic losses caused by sea level rise. [95] The city of Guangzhou is projected to experience the single largest annual economic losses from sea level rise in the world, potentially reaching US$254 million by 2050. Under the highest climate change scenario and in the absence of adaptation, cumulative economic losses caused by sea level rise in Guangzhou would exceed US$1 trillion by 2100. [95] Shanghai is also expected to experience annual losses of around 1% of the local GDP in the absence of adaptation. [95] The Yangtze River basin is a sensitive and biodiverse ecosystem, yet around 20% of its species may be lost throughout the century under 2 °C (3.6 °F) and ~43% under 4.5 °C (8.1 °F). [95] :1476

Economy

East Asia
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese 东亚/东亚细亚
Traditional Chinese 東亞/東亞細亞
Customs territory GDP nominal
billions of USD (2024) [1]
GDP nominal per capita
USD (2024) [1]
GDP PPP
billions of USD (2024) [1]
GDP PPP per capita
USD (2024) [1]
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  People's Republic of China 18,532,63313,13635,291,01525,015
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong [lower-alpha 1] 406,77553,606570,08275,128
Flag of Macau.svg  Macau [lower-alpha 2] 54,67778,96292,885125,510
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 4,110,45233,1386,720,96254,184
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 21,9436,18258,58016,504
Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea N/AN/AN/AN/A
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 1,760,94734,1653,057,99559,330
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan [lower-alpha 3] 802,95834,4321,792,34976,858
East Asia$25,690,385$15,612$47,583,868$28,916

Territorial and regional data

China, North Korea, South Korea and Taiwan are all unrecognised by at least one other East Asian state because of severe ongoing political tensions in the region, specifically the division of Korea and the political status of Taiwan.

Etymology

FlagCommon NameOfficial nameISO 3166 Country Codes [96]
Exonym Endonym Exonym Endonym ISO Short NameAlpha-2 CodeAlpha-3 CodeNumeric
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China 中国 People's Republic of China中华人民共和国ChinaCNCHN156
Flag of Hong Kong.svg Hong Kong 香港 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
of the People's Republic of China
中華人民共和國香港特別行政區Hong KongHKHKG344
Flag of Macau.svg Macau 澳門 Macao Special Administrative Region
of the People's Republic of China
中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區MacaoMOMAC446
Flag of Japan.svg Japan 日本 Japan日本国JapanJPJPN392
Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia Монгол улс / ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
MongoliaМонгол Улс (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
ᠤᠯᠤᠰ
)
MongoliaMNMNG496
Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea 조선 Democratic People's Republic of Korea조선민주주의인민공화국Korea (the Democratic People's Republic of)KPPRK408
Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea 한국 Republic of Korea대한민국Korea (the Republic of)KRKOR410
Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan 臺灣 / 台灣 Republic of China中華民國Taiwan [96] TWTWN158

Demographics

Population pyramid of East Asia in 2023 Eastern Asia population pyramid 2023.svg
Population pyramid of East Asia in 2023
Historical distribution map of linguistic groups in China China ethnolinguistic 1967.jpg
Historical distribution map of linguistic groups in China
State/Territory Area km2 Population in

thousands (2023) [97] [98]

% of East Asia% of World Population density
per km2
HDI [99] Capital/Administrative Centre
Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China 9,640,011 [lower-alpha 4] 1,425,671 [lower-alpha 5] 85.76%17.72%1380.768 Beijing
Flag of Hong Kong.svg  Hong Kong 1,1047,4920.45%0.093%6,3900.952 Hong Kong
Flag of Macau.svg  Macau 307040.042%0.0087%18,6620.922 Macao
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan 377,930123,2957.42%1.53%3370.925 Tokyo
Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia 1,564,1003,4470.2%0.042%20.739 Ulaanbaatar
Flag of North Korea.svg  North Korea 120,53826,1611.57%0.33%1980.733[ citation needed ] Pyongyang
Flag of South Korea.svg  South Korea 100,21051,7843.11%0.64%5000.925 Seoul
Flag of the Republic of China.svg  Taiwan 36,19723,9231.44%0.297%6390.926 Taipei
East Asia11,840,0001,662,477100%20.66%141Increase2.svg0.861 (very high)

Ethnic groups

EthnicityNative namePopulationLanguage(s)Writing system(s)Major states/territories*Traditional attire
Han/Chinese 漢族 or 汉族1,313,345,856 [100] Chinese (Mandarin, Min, Wu, Yue, Jin, Gan, Hakka, Xiang, Huizhou, Pinghua, etc.) Simplified Han characters, Traditional Han characters Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg
Yamato/Japanese 大和民族125,117,000 [101] Japanese Han characters (Kanji), Katakana, Hiragana Flag of Japan.svg Shinto married couple.jpg
Korean 조선민족 (朝鮮民族)
한민족 (韓民族)
84,790,105 [102] [103] [104] Korean Hangul, Han characters (Hanja) Flag of South Korea.svg Flag of North Korea.svg Hanbok (female and male).jpg
Bai 白族2,091,543 [105] Bai, Southwestern Mandarin Simplified characters, Latin script Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Bai 5.JPG
Hui 回族11,377,914 [105] Northwestern Mandarin, other Chinese Dialects, Huihui language, etc.Simplified characters Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg HuiChineseMuslim3.jpg
Mongols Монголчуудᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ
Монгол/ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ
8,942,528 Mongolian Mongol script, Cyrillic script Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Mongolia.svg Flag of Russia.svg Mongolian Musician.jpg
Zhuang 壮族/Bouxcuengh19,568,546 [105] Zhuang, Southwestern Mandarin, etc.Simplified Han characters, Latin script Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Zhuang's beautiful maiden in Chongzuo Fusui.jpg
Uyghurs 维吾尔族/ئۇيغۇر11,774,538 [105] Uyghur Arabic alphabet, Latin script Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Uyghur-elders-sunday-market-Kashgar.jpg
Manchus 满族/ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ10,423,303 [105] Northeastern Mandarin, Manchu language Simplified Han characters, Mongol script Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg Aksan.jpg
Hmong/Miao 苗族/Ghaob Xongb/Hmub/Mongb11,067,929 [105] Hmong/Miao, Southwestern Mandarin Latin script, Simplified Han characters Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Gui Zhou Qian Dong Nan Miao Zu Nu Xing (a Miao woman in Qiandongnan,Guizhou).jpg
Tibetans 藏族/བོད་པ་7,060,731 [105] Tibetan, Rgyal Rong, Rgu, etc. Tibetan script Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg People of Tibet46.jpg
Yi 彝族/ꆈꌠ9,830,327 [105] Various Loloish, Southwestern Mandarin Yi script, Simplified Han characters Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Ethnic Yi China Costume.jpg
Tujia 土家族9,587,732 [105] Northern Tujia, Southern TujiaSimplified Han characters Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Tujia women.jpg
Kam 侗族/Gaeml3,495,993 [105] Gaeml Simplified Han characters, Latin script Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Ethic Dong Liping Guizhou China.jpg
Tu 土族/Monguor289,565 Tu, Northwestern MandarinSimplified Han characters Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Nadun Picture 1.jpg
Daur 达斡尔族/ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ131,992 Daur, Northeastern MandarinMongol script, Simplified Han characters Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Mongolia.svg Daur woman smiling.jpg
Indigenous Taiwanese 臺灣原住民/ 高山族/ Yincomin/ Kasetaivang/ Inanuwayan533,600 Austronesian languages (Amis, Yami), etc.Latin script, Traditional Han characters Flag of the Republic of China.svg

Tao1.jpg

Ryukyuan 琉球民族1,900,000 Japanese
Ryukyuan
Han characters (Kanji), Katakana, Hiragana Flag of Japan.svg Five men wearing Ryukyuan Dress.JPG
Ainu アイヌ/ Aynu/ Айну200,000 Japanese
Ainu [106]
Han characters (Kanji), Katakana, Hiragana Flag of Japan.svg AinuSan.jpg

Culture

Overview

The culture of East Asia has been deeply influenced by China, as it was the civilization that had the most dominant influence in the region throughout the ages that ultimately laid the foundation for East Asian civilization. The vast knowledge and ingenuity of Chinese civilization and the classics of Chinese literature and culture were seen as the foundations for a civilized life in East Asia. Imperial China served as a vehicle through which the adoption of Confucian ethical philosophy, Chinese calendar system, political and legal systems, architectural style, diet, terminology, institutions, religious beliefs, imperial examinations that emphasised a knowledge of Chinese classics, political philosophy and cultural value systems, as well as historically sharing a common writing system reflected in the histories of Japan and Korea. [107] [18] [108] [109] [110] [69] The Imperial Chinese tributary system was the bedrock of network of trade and foreign relations between China and its East Asian tributaries, which helped to shape much of East Asian affairs during the ancient and medieval eras. Through the tributary system, the various dynasties of Imperial China facilitated frequent economic and cultural exchange that influenced the cultures of Japan and Korea and drew them into a Chinese international order. [111] The Imperial Chinese tributary system shaped much of East Asia's foreign policy and trade for over two millennia due to Imperial China's economic and cultural dominance over the region, and thus played a huge role in the history of East Asia in particular. [22] [111] The relationship between China and its cultural influence on East Asia has been compared to the historical influence of Greco-Roman civilization on classical Western civilisation. [110] [111] [107]

Religion

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Religion in East Asia (2020) [112]

   Folk Religion (52.10%)
  Buddhism (19.65%)
   No Religion (19.62%)
   Christianity (5.56%)
   Islam (1.57%)
  Other (1.44%)
ReligionNative nameCreator/Current LeaderFounded TimeMain DenominationMajor bookTypeEst. FollowersEthnic groupsStates/territories
Chinese folk religion 中國民間信仰 or 中国民间信仰Spontaneous formationPrehistoric period Salvationist, Wuism, Nuo Chinese classics, Huangdi Sijing, precious scrolls, etc.Prehistoric, pantheism, and polytheism~900,000,000 [113] [114] Han, Hmong, Qiang, Tujia (worship of the same ancestor-gods) Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
Taoism 道教 Zhang Daoling, Wang Chongyang (Quanzhen School)125 AD Eastern Han dynasty [ citation needed ] Zhengyi, Quanzhen Tao Te Ching Pantheism, polytheism~20,000,000 [114] Han, Zhuang, Hmong, Yao, Qiang, Tujia Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
East Asian Buddhism/Chinese Buddhism 漢傳佛教 or 汉传佛教 Emperor Ming of Han (introduced to China), Mālānanda (introduced to Baekje), King Seong of Baekje (introduced to Japan)67 AD Eastern Han dynasty Mahayana Diamond Sutra Non-God, Dualism.~300,000,000Han, Koreans, Yamato Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of Japan.svg Flag of North Korea.svg Flag of South Korea.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
Tibetan Buddhism 藏传佛教/བོད་བརྒྱུད་ནང་བསྟན། Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche 1800 years agoMahayana, Bon Anuttarayoga Tantra Non-God~10,000,000Tibetans, Manchus, Mongols Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Mongolia.svg
Shamanism 萨满教 or Бөө мөргөлSpontaneous formationPrehistoric periodN/APrehistoric, polytheism, and pantheismN/AManchus, Mongols, Oroqens Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Mongolia.svg
Shinto 神道Spontaneous formation Yayoi period [115] Shinto sects Kojiki, Nihon Shoki Prehistoric, pantheism, and polytheismN/AYamato Flag of Japan.svg
Musok/Muism 신도 or 무교Spontaneous formation900 years ago[ citation needed ]Musok sectsN/APrehistoric, pantheism, and polytheismN/AKoreans Flag of North Korea.svg Flag of South Korea.svg
Ryukyuan religion 琉球神道 or ニライカナイ信仰Spontaneous formationN/AN/AN/APrehistoric, pantheism, and polytheismN/ARyukyuans Flag of Japan.svg ( Flag of Okinawa Prefecture.svg )

Festivals

FestivalNative NameOther nameCalendarDate Gregorian dateActivityReligious practicesFoodMajor ethnicitiesMajor states/territories
Chinese New Year 農曆新年/农历新年 or 春節/春节Spring Festival Chinese Month 1 Day 121 Jan–20 FebFamily Reunion, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, FireworksWorship the King of Gods Nian gao Han, Manchus etc. Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of Mongolia.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
Korean New Year 설날 or Seollal Korean Month 1 Day 121 Jan–20 FebAncestors Worship, Family Reunion, Tomb SweepingN/A Tteokguk Koreans Flag of North Korea.svg Flag of South Korea.svg
Losar or Tsagaan Sar 藏历新年/ལོ་གསར་ or 查干萨日/Цагаан сарWhite Moon Tibetan, Mongolian Month 1 Day 125 Jan – 2 MarFamily Reunion, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, FireworksN/A Chhaang or Buuz Tibetans, Mongols, Tu etc. Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Mongolia.svg
New Year 元旦Yuan DanGregorian1 Jan1 JanFireworksN/AN/AN/A Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of Japan.svg Flag of Mongolia.svg Flag of North Korea.svg Flag of South Korea.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
Lantern Festival 元宵節 or 元宵节Upper Yuan Festival (上元节)ChineseMonth 1 Day 154 Feb – 6 MarLanterns Expo, Ancestors Worship, Tomb SweepingBirthdate of the God of Sky-officerYuanxiaoHan Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
Daeboreum 대보름 or 정월 대보름Great Full Moon Korean Month 1 Day 154 Feb – 6 MarGreeting of the moon, kite-flying, Jwibulnori, eating nuts (Bureom)Bonfires (daljip taeugi) Ogok-bap, namul, nutsKorean Flag of North Korea.svg Flag of South Korea.svg
Hanshi Festival 寒食節 or 寒食节Cold Food Festival Solar term Traditionally, on the 105th day after the Winter solstice. Revised to 1 day before the Qingming Festival by Johann Adam Schall von Bell (Chinese: 汤若望) during the Qing dynasty.April 3–5Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, No cooking hot meal/setting fire, Cold food only. Cuju, etc. (People used to mix this one with the Qingming Festival due to their close dates)In Memory of a loyal Ancient named Jie Zhitui (Chinese: 介子推), ordered by the Monarch of the Jin (Chinese state), Duke Wen of Jin (Chinese: 重耳)Cold Food, e.g. Qingtuan Han, Koreans, Mongols Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of North Korea.svg Flag of South Korea.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
Qingming Festival 清明節 or 清明节 or Ханш нээхTomb Sweeping Day Solar term 15th day after the Vernal Equinox. Just 1 day after the Hanshi Festival, but in much higher repute.April 4-6thAncestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, Excursion, Planting trees, Flying kites, Tug of war, Cuju, etc. (Almost the same with the Hanshi Festival's, due to their close dates)Burning Hell money for deceased family members. Planting willow branches to keep ghosts away from houses.Boiled eggsHan, Koreans, Mongols Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of Mongolia.svg Flag of North Korea.svg Flag of South Korea.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
Dragon Boat Festival 端午節 or 端午节 or 단오Duanwu Festival / Dano (Surit-nal) Chinese / Korean Month 5 Day 5Driving poisons & plague away. (China - Dragon Boat Race, Wearing coloured lines, Hanging felon herb on the front door.) / (Korea - Washing hair with iris water, ssireum)Worship various Gods Zongzi / Surichwitteok (rice cake with herbs)Han, Koreans, Yamato Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of North Korea.svg Flag of South Korea.svg Flag of Japan.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
Ghost Festival 中元節 or 中元节 or 백중Mid Yuan FestivalChineseMonth 7 Day 15Ancestors Worship, Tomb SweepingBirthdate of the God of Earth-officerHan, Koreans, Yamato Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of North Korea.svg Flag of South Korea.svg Flag of Japan.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋節 or 中秋节中秋祭ChineseMonth 8 Day 15Family Reunion, Enjoying Moon viewWorship the Moon Goddess Mooncake Han Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
Chuseok 추석 or 한가위Hangawi Korean Month 8 Day 15Family Reunion, Ancestors Worship, Tomb Sweeping, Enjoying Moon viewN/A Songpyeon, Torantang (Taro soup)Koreans Flag of North Korea.svg Flag of South Korea.svg
Tsukimi 月見 or お月見Tsukimi or Otsukimi Gregorian Month 8 Day 15Family Reunion, Enjoying Moon viewWorship the Moon Tsukimi Dango, Sweet Potato Yamato Flag of Japan.svg *
Double Ninth Festival重陽節 or 重阳节Double Positive FestivalChineseMonth 9 Day 09Climbing Mountain, Taking care of elderly, Wearing Cornus.Worship various GodsHan, Korean, Yamato Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of North Korea.svg Flag of South Korea.svg Flag of Japan.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg *
Lower Yuan Festival下元節 or 下元节N/AChineseMonth 10 Day 15Ancestors Worship, Tomb SweepingBirthdate of the God of Water-officerCibaHan Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
Dongzhi Festival冬至 or 동지 or 冬至N/AGregorianBetween Dec 21 and Dec 23Between Dec 21 and Dec 23Ancestors Worship, Rites to dispel bad spiritsN/A Tangyuan, Patjuk, Zenzai, Kabocha Han, Koreans, Yamato Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of North Korea.svg Flag of South Korea.svg Flag of Japan.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg
Small New Year小年Jizao (祭灶)ChineseMonth 12 Day 23Cleaning HousesWorship the God of Hearth tanggua Han, Mongols Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Flag of Mongolia.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg

*Japan switched the date to the Gregorian calendar after the Meiji Restoration.
*Not always on that Gregorian date, sometimes April 4.

Collaboration

East Asian Youth Games

Formerly the East Asian Games, it is a multi-sport event organized by the East Asian Games Association (EAGA) and held every four years since 2019 among athletes from East Asian countries and territories of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA), as well as the Pacific island of Guam, which is a member of the Oceania National Olympic Committees.

It is one of five Regional Games of the OCA. The others are the Central Asian Games, the Southeast Asian Games (SEA Games), the South Asian Games and the West Asian Games.

Free trade agreements

Name of agreementPartiesLeaders at the timeNegotiation beginsSigning dateStarting timeCurrent status
China–South Korea FTA Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of South Korea.svg Xi Jinping, Park Geun-hye May, 2012Jun 01, 2015Dec 30, 2015Enforced
China–Japan–South Korea FTA Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Japan.svg Flag of South Korea.svg Xi Jinping, Shinzō Abe, Park Geun-hye Mar 26, 2013N/AN/A10 round negotiation
Japan-Mongolia EPA Flag of Japan.svg Flag of Mongolia.svg Shinzō Abe, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj -Feb 10, 2015-Enforced
China-Mongolia FTA Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Mongolia.svg Xi Jinping, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj N/AN/AN/AOfficially proposed
China-HK CEPA Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Hong Kong.svg Jiang Zemin, Tung Chee-hwa -Jun 29, 2003-Enforced
China-Macau CEPA Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of Macau.svg Jiang Zemin, Edmund Ho Hau-wah -Oct 18, 2003-Enforced
Hong Kong-Macau CEPA Flag of Hong Kong.svg Flag of Macau.svg Carrie Lam, Fernando Chui Oct 09, 2015N/AN/ANegotiating
ECFA Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg Hu Jintao, Ma Ying-jeou Jan 26, 2010Jun 29, 2010Aug 17, 2010Enforced
CSSTA (Based on ECFA) Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg Xi Jinping, Ma Ying-jeou Mar, 2011Jun 21, 2013N/AAbolished
CSGTA (Based on ECFA) Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of the Republic of China.svg Hu Jintao, Ma Ying-jeou Feb 22, 2011N/AN/ASuspended

Military alliances

NameParties within the region
Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Flag of North Korea.svg
Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan Flag of the United States.svg Flag of Japan.svg
Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea Flag of the United States.svg Flag of South Korea.svg

Major cities

 
Largest population centres of East Asia
RankCity name Country Pop.


Tokyo Skyline20210123.jpg
Tokyo

Seoul (South Korea).jpg
Seoul

1 Tokyo Japan 38,140,000
2 Seoul South Korea 25,520,000
3 Shanghai China 24,484,000
4 Beijing China 21,240,000
5 Osaka Japan 20,337,000
6 Chongqing China 13,744,000
7 Guangzhou China 13,070,000
8 Tianjin China 11,558,000
9 Shenzhen China 10,828,000
10 Chengdu China 10,104,000

See also

Notes

  1. Listed as "Hong Kong SAR" by IMF
  2. Listed as "Macao SAR" by IMF
  3. Listed as "Taiwan, Province of China" by IMF
  4. Includes all area which under PRC's government control (excluding "South Tibet" and disputed islands).[ citation needed ]
  5. A note by the United Nations: "For statistical purposes, the data for China do not include Hong Kong and Macao, Special Administrative Regions (SAR) of China, and Taiwan Province of China." [97] [98]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Asia</span> Continent

Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Far East</span> Geographical term for eastern Asia

The Far East is the geographical region that encompasses the easternmost portion of the Asian continent, including East, North and Southeast Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Asia</span>

The history of Asia can be seen as the collective history of several distinct peripheral coastal regions such as East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian steppe. See History of the Middle East and History of the Indian Subcontinent for further details on those regions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of East Asia</span>

East Asia generally encompasses the histories of China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and Taiwan from prehistoric times to the present. Each of its countries has a different national history, but East Asian Studies scholars maintain that the region is also characterized by a distinct pattern of historical development. This is evident in the relationships among traditional East Asian civilizations, which not only involve the sum total of historical patterns but also a specific set of patterns that has affected all or most of traditional East Asia in successive layers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Korea</span>

The Lower Paleolithic era on the Korean Peninsula and in Manchuria began roughly half a million years ago. The earliest known Korean pottery dates to around 8000 BC, and the Neolithic period began after 6000 BC, followed by the Bronze Age by 2000 BC, and the Iron Age around 700 BC. Similarly, according to The History of Korea, the Paleolithic people are not the direct ancestors of the present Korean people, but their direct ancestors are estimated to be the Neolithic People of about 2000 BC.

The names of China include the many contemporary and historical designations given in various languages for the East Asian country known as Zhōngguó in Standard Chinese, a form based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin.

Sinocentrism refers to a worldview that China is the cultural, political, or economic center of the world.

Westernization, also Europeanisation or occidentalization, is a process whereby societies come under or adopt what is considered to be Western culture, in areas such as industry, technology, science, education, politics, economics, lifestyle, law, norms, mores, customs, traditions, values, mentality, perceptions, diet, clothing, language, writing system, religion, and philosophy. During colonialism it often involved the spread of Christianity.

Pax Sinica is a historiographical term referring to periods of peace and stability in East Asia, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia led by China. A study on the Sinocentric world system reveals that the multiple periods of Pax Sinica, when taken together, amounted to a length of approximately two thousand years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Culture of Asia</span>

The culture of Asia encompasses the collective and diverse customs and traditions of art, architecture, music, literature, lifestyle, philosophy, food, politics and religion that have been practiced and maintained by the numerous ethnic groups of the continent of Asia since prehistory. Identification of a specific culture of Asia or universal elements among the colossal diversity that has emanated from multiple cultural spheres and three of the four ancient River valley civilizations is complicated. However, the continent is commonly divided into six geographic sub-regions, that are characterized by perceivable commonalities, like culture, religion, language and relative ethnic homogeneity. These regions are Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and West Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sinosphere</span> Areas historically influenced by Chinese culture

The Sinosphere, also known as the Chinese cultural sphere, East Asian cultural sphere, or the Sinic world, encompasses multiple countries in East Asia and Southeast Asia that were historically heavily influenced by Chinese culture. The Sinosphere comprises Greater China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Other definitions may include the regions of modern-day Mongolia and Singapore, largely due to limited historical Chinese influences or increasing modern-day Chinese diaspora. The Sinosphere is different from the Sinophone world, which indicates regions where the Chinese language is spoken.

De-Sinicization is a process of eliminating or reducing Han Chinese cultural elements, identity, or consciousness from a society or nation. In modern contexts, it is often contrasted with the assimilation process of Sinicization.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Economy of East Asia</span>

The economy of East Asia comprises 1.6 billion people living in six different countries and regions. The region includes several of the world's largest and most prosperous economies: Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, China, Hong Kong, and Macau. It is home to some of the most economically dynamic places in the world, being the site of some of the world's most extended modern economic booms, including the Taiwan miracle (1950–present) in Taiwan, Miracle on the Han River (1974–present) in South Korea, Japanese economic miracle (1950–1990) and the Chinese economic miracle (1983–2010) in China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Borders of China</span> Political land boundaries between China and neighboring territories

The People's Republic of China (PRC) shares land borders with 14 countries : North Korea, Russia, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam. The land borders, in counterclockwise order from northeast to southwest, include the China–North Korea border, the eastern segment of the China–Russia border, the China–Mongolia border, the western segment of the China–Russia border, the China–Kazakhstan border, the China–Kyrgyzstan border, the China–Tajikistan border, the China–Afghanistan border, the China–Pakistan border, the western segment of the China–India border, the China–Nepal border, the central segment of the China–India border (Sikkim), the China–Bhutan border, the eastern segment of the China–India border, the China–Myanmar border, the China–Laos border, the China–Vietnam border. In addition, there is a 30-kilometre (19 mi) internal border with the special administrative region of Hong Kong, which was a British dependency before 1997, and a 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) internal border with Macau, a Portuguese territory until 1999.

China Circle refers to the economic relationship between mainland China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. With the fast-growing economy and the development of foreign investment in China, China has become the centre of the Asian market in the 1980s. The production chain in Taiwan and Hong Kong soon merged in China and formed a new economic network named "the Circle of China".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ethnic groups in Asia</span> Ethnic group

The ancestral population of modern Asian people has its origins in the two primary prehistoric settlement centres – greater Southwest Asia and from the Mongolian plateau towards Northern China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Japanese colonial empire</span> Japanese territorial conquests (1895–1945)

The territorial conquests of the Japanese Empire in the Western Pacific Ocean and East Asia began in 1895 with its victory over Qing China in the First Sino-Japanese War. Subsequent victories over the Russian Empire and the German Empire expanded Japanese rule to Taiwan, Korea, Micronesia, southern Sakhalin, several concessions in China, and the South Manchuria Railway. In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, resulting in the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo the following year; thereafter, Japan adopted a policy of founding and supporting puppet states in conquered regions. These conquered territories became the basis for the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere in 1940.

East Asian people are the people from East Asia, which consists of China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. The total population of all countries within this region is estimated to be 1.677 billion and 21% of the world's population in 2020. However, large East Asian diasporas, such as the Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Mongolian diasporas, as well as diasporas of other East Asian ethnic groups, mean that the 1.677 billion does not necessarily represent an accurate figure for the number of East Asian people worldwide.

East Asian literature is the diverse writings from the East Asian nations, China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and Taiwan. Literature from this area emerges as a distinct and unique field of prose and poetry that embodies the cultural, social and political factors of each nation. Prose within East Asian countries reflects the rich cultural heritage from which specificities of language, form and style shape writings. Similarly, East Asian poetry exemplifies how the diverse culture and distinct environments influence East Asian Literature. Reflected through the poetic forms, images and language employed in writings. The development of East Asian literature has been subjugated to both local and international influences. The presence of Western literature and the transnational exchange reflects an interrelationship in which East Asian Literature has benefited from the communication of ideas and perspectives as well as contributed to broader literature movements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern culture</span> Eastern culture

Eastern culture, also known as Eastern civilization and historically as Oriental culture, is an umbrella term for the diverse cultural heritages of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Eastern world.

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