Taiwan, China

Last updated

ཐའེ་ཝན, ཀྲུང་གོ་ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳتەيۋەن، جۇڭگو
تەيۋەن، خىتاي‎

"Taiwan, China", "Taiwan, Province of China", and "Taipei, China" are controversial political terms that claim Taiwan and its associated territories as a province or territory of the People's Republic of China.

Contents

The term "Taiwan, China" (Chinese :中国台湾) is used by Chinese state media and organizations and individuals. However the People's Republic of China – which is widely recognized by the international community as the legitimate representative of "China" – has never exercised jurisdiction over Taiwan and other islands controlled by the Republic of China (ROC).

Such terms are ambiguous because of the political status of Taiwan and cross-Strait relations between "Taiwan" and "China". Since 1949, two political entities with the name "China" exist:

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officially sanctions the use of these terms. In contrast, the ROC government, along with supporters of Taiwan Independence, rejects them; citing that it denies the ROC's sovereignty and existence while reducing both its political and territorial status to a province of mainland China. [1]

Claims of two "China"

The dispute and ambiguity over the meaning of "China" and which "China" stemmed from the division of Republic of China into two Chinas at the "end" of the Chinese Civil War in 1955. [a] (Fighting between the two merely eased off after 1949 and no signing of a peace treaty or armistice ever occurred; the PRC still threatens attack on ROC/Taiwan when it deems necessary.) The term "China" historically meant the various regimes and imperial dynasties which controlled territories in mainland Asia prior to 1911, when the imperial system was overthrown and the Republic of China (ROC) was established as an Asian republic. In 1927, the Chinese Civil War started between the Kuomintang (KMT, founding party of the ROC) and the CCP. The CCP eventually won control of most of ROC's original territory (mainland China) in 1949, when they proclaimed the "People's Republic of China" (PRC) on that territory.

Since then, two Chinas have existed, although the PRC was not internationally recognized then. The Republic of China government retrieved Taiwan in 1945 back from Japan, then fled in 1949 to Taiwan with the aim to retake mainland China. Both the ROC and the PRC still officially (constitutionally)[ citation needed ] claim mainland China and the Taiwan Area as part of their respective territories[ citation needed ]. In reality, the PRC rules only mainland China and has no control of but claims Taiwan as part of its territory under its "One China Principle". [2] The ROC, which rules only the Taiwan Area (composed of Taiwan and its nearby minor islands), became known as "Taiwan" after its largest island, (an instance of pars pro toto )[ citation needed ]. Constitutional reform in 1991 amended electoral laws to focus on the territory controlled by the Republic of China, increasingly referred to as "the Republic of China on Taiwan" or simply "Taiwan" . [3] [4]

After the 2008 election of Ma Ying-jeou, he again asserted that mainland China is part of Republic of China territory according to its constitution, and, in 2013, he stated that relations between PRC and ROC are not between countries but "regions of the same country". [5] [6]

In 1971, the People's Republic of China won the United Nations seat as "China" and the ROC withdrew from the UN.[ citation needed ] Since then the term "Taiwan, China" is a designation officially used in international organizations including the United Nations and its associated organs to refer to the Republic of China.[ citation needed ] (The term "Chinese Taipei" was similarly created for the same purpose.[ citation needed ] ) However, the political status of Taiwan is a complex and controversial issue and currently unresolved[ citation needed ] , in large part due to the United States and the Allies of World War II handling of the surrender of Taiwan from Japan in 1945 [ citation needed ] (which was to be a temporary administration by the ROC troops[ citation needed ]), and the Treaty of Peace with Japan ("Treaty of San Francisco") in 1951[ citation needed ], for which neither the ROC nor the PRC was invited[ citation needed ], and left Taiwan's sovereignty legally undefined in international law and in dispute [ citation needed ].

The "Province of Taiwan"

The term "Taiwan, (Province of) China" is also potentially ambiguous because both the ROC and the PRC each has administratively a "Taiwan Province", Taiwan Province, Republic of China and "Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China", and neither of these provinces covers the Matsu Islands, Wuchiu, Kinmen, all of which have been retained by the Republic of China. Geographically speaking, they both refer to the same place. Without more specific indication, it is unclear to which "Taiwan Province" is being directed. However, since China (PRC) has never had sovereignty over Taiwan and its "Taiwan Province" exists only as a claim, as a practical matter, "Taiwan Province" refers only to the Taiwan Province under Republic of China's administration.

Although the word "China" could also possibly be interpreted to mean "Republic of China", this interpretation is no longer common since "China" is typically understood as referring to the PRC after the ROC lost its UN seat as "China" in 1971, and is considered a term distinct from "Taiwan", the name with which the ROC has become identified. Also, only the ROC's Taiwan Province exists in reality and is under the ROC's actual territorial control, whereas the PRC's "Taiwan Province" exists only on paper, under the PRC's administrative structure but without an actual provincial government. Instead, the PRC has a Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council to deal with issues and policy guidelines relating to Taiwan.

The ROC also does not refer to its Taiwan Province as "Taiwan, China" in English but rather as "Taiwan Province, Republic of China" (中華民國臺灣省; Zhōnghuá Mínguó Táiwānshěng), and typically such reference only occurs in the Chinese language in the ROC's official documents and as the marquee in the administrative offices of Taiwan Province government. However, references to the province is now rare since the Taiwan Provincial Government has largely been dissolved and its functions transferred to the central government or county governments since 1997. Therefore, recent uses of the term "Taiwan, Province of China" appears mainly in PRC-controlled media like CCTV (Chinese Central Television) and in the ISO 3166-1 codes. [7]

Taipei, China

The term "Taipei, China" (中國台北/中国台北), sometimes also translated as "China Taipei", [8] is the PRC's unilaterally preferred Chinese translation for the English term "Chinese Taipei" (中華台北/中华台北). It is one of the PRC's officially endorsed terms when referring to Taiwan politically, [9] and has been used in state media in much the same manner as "Taiwan, China" or "Taiwan, Province of China".

Objections

The Government of the Republic of China (Taiwan)

The Republic of China (ROC) is not allowed to use its official name internationally and uses "Chinese Taipei" in other organizations like the Olympics and FIBA. The ROC sees its use as a denial of the ROC's status as a separate sovereign state, diminishing it under "China", which implicitly is the PRC.

In an incident on 10 May 2011, the World Health Organization referred to Taiwan as "Taiwan, China" in its documents. (The ROC participates in the WHO under the name "Chinese Taipei") ROC president Ma Ying-jeou protested the WHO's action and accused the PRC of "pressuring the UN body into calling" the ROC "Chinese territory", and stated that Beijing's moves were "very negative" for bilateral ties. [10]

In August 2023, amid escalating tensions, China strongly objected to Taiwan Vice President William Lai's US visit, vowing forceful actions and labeling Lai a "troublemaker" for advocating Taiwan's independence. The visit coincides with increased Chinese military activity near Taiwan, underscoring the ongoing strained relations and Beijing's determination to suppress sovereignty efforts. [11]

The United States

The US official policy enunciated in 2014 is to recognize the PRC government as the sole legal government of China, but the US does not endorse, only acknowledge, [12] with the PRC's position that Taiwan is a part of China, [13] and has considered Taiwan's political status as “undetermined”. [14] The US also repeatedly refuted the PRC's unilateral interpretation regarding the UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 by "falsely conflating it with China’s ‘one China’ principle, and wrongly asserts that it reflects an international consensus for its ‘one China’ principle", [15] The governments of Taiwan and the US have emphasis that the Resolution 2758 "does not mention Taiwan, does not state that Taiwan is part of the PRC, and does not explicitly authorize Beijing to represent Taiwan in the UN system." And the resolution does not constitute an institutional UN position on the political status of Taiwan and use it to balk at Taiwan's meaningful participation in the UN system. [16] [17]

Usage

The United Nations and the ISO

UN M49

The Chinese and Taiwanese entries in UN M49 would evolve as follows:

Taiwan, China
China map.png
Territory controlled by the People's Republic of China (purple) and the Republic of China (orange). The size of minor islands has been exaggerated in this map for ease of identification.
Transcriptions
Wylie Tha'e wan, Krung-go
Transcriptions
SASM/GNC Taivan Khyatad
Transcriptions
Latin Yëziqi Teywen, Junggo
Teywen, Xitay
Siril Yëziqi Тәйвән, Җунгго
Тәйвән, Хитай
Year versionSource page(s)Code 156Code 158 Chinese representation in the United Nations
1970 8, 19, 28, 33 China (mainland) China (Taiwan) Republic of China based in Taipei
1975 Revision 14China [b] People's Republic of China based in Beijing
1982 Revision 23, 10, 18
1996 Revision 3 [18] 4, 7, 11, 16, 23Taiwan Province of China
1999 Revision 4 [19] 5, 11, 17, 37
Online version in lieu of printsN/A [b] [20]

ISO 3166

The Chinese and Taiwanese entries in the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 3166-1 country codes and ISO 3166-2:TW subdivision codes are as follows because its information source, the publication UN Terminology Bulletin-Country Names, lists Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China" due to the PRC's political influence in the United Nations [21] as a member of the UN Security Council. Since the ISO 3166-1 code is commonly used as the data source for a complete list of country and territory names for computer programs and websites, "Taiwan, Province of China" is sometimes seen on dropdown menus instead of "Taiwan" for this reason. [22] [23]

Governing AuthorityShort name upper case in ISO 3166Short name lower case in ISO 3166Full name in ISO 3166Numeric codeListed as independent in ISO 3166Local short nameLanguage(s)Links to ISO 3166-2
People's Republic of ChinaCHINAChinathe People's Republic of China156Yes [24] ZhongguoPutonghua ISO 3166-2:CN
Republic of ChinaTAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINATaiwan (Province of China) [c] 158No [25] TaiwanGuoyu ISO 3166-2:TW

Taiwanese reactions

The Guidelines for National Unification adopted in 1991 and abrogated in 2006 declared under "III. Principles": [26]

1. Both the mainland and Taiwan areas are parts of Chinese territory. Helping to bring about national unification should be the common responsibility of all Chinese people.

In 2007, the Republic of China filed a lawsuit before a Swiss civil court against the ISO, arguing that the ISO's use of the United Nations name rather than "Republic of China (Taiwan)" violated Taiwan's name rights. [27] On 9 September 2010, a panel of the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland decided, by three votes to two, to dismiss the suit as presenting a political question not subject to Swiss civil jurisdiction. [28] [29] [30] As of 2009, the Chinese and Taiwanese entries in CNS 12842 based on ISO 3166 with some differences are as follows with 11 columns meaning:

  1. English short name upper case
  2. Chinese full name
  3. English full name
  4. Alpha-2 code
  5. Alpha-3 code
  6. Numeric code
  7. Remark
  8. Independent
  9. Administrative language alpha-2
  10. Administrative language alpha-3
  11. Local short name
1234567891011
CHINA中華人民共和國the People's Republic of ChinaCNCHN156 [c] #zhzhoZhongguo [31]
TAIWAN, ROC中華民國the Republic of ChinaTWTWN158包括澎湖群島、金門、馬祖。 [d] #zhzhoTAIWAN, ROC [32]

The Taipei-based government of the Republic of China encodes the subdivisions of Taiwan with some systems different from ISO 3166-2:TW:

People's Republic of China

The term is often used in Chinese media whenever the word "Taiwan" is mentioned, as in news reports and in TV shows. Particularly, when Taiwanese entertainers are on talk shows or being interviewed, the Chinese subtitles on the TV screen would always say "Taiwan, China" (中国台湾 / 中國台灣) despite the fact the person never mentioned the word "China" (中国 / 中國). [34] (It is standard practice for Chinese television to display subtitles in all programs.) Also, there has been controversy about Chinese talent shows forcing Taiwanese contestants to introduce themselves as from "Taiwan, China" or "Taipei, China". For example, Taiwanese singer Uni Yeh  [ zh ] introduced herself as being from "Pingtung District, Taipei, China" (中国台北屏东区 /中國台北屏東區) [e] on her first appearance on The Voice of China in 2013, despite Pingtung and Taipei being completely distinct areas on opposite sides of Taiwan, causing an uproar among Taiwanese netizens. Her response was that she was instructed to say so by the directors and was nervous. [35]

In July 2017, the PRC's state news agency Xinhua issued a style guide stating that for geographical references, the region should be named "Taiwan Area" (台湾地区) or "Taiwan" and that it was 'generally now not called' "Taiwan Province". Its reason for doing so was ostensibly to "[take] into account the psychological feelings of Taiwanese." [9] However, the style guide also asserts "Taiwan Area" and "Taiwan Province" as referring to different geographic boundaries, as "Taiwan Area" includes Kinmen and Matsu which the PRC claims as part of Fujian Province instead. [36] For political references instead of geographic, the style guide prohibits all three of "Taiwan", "Taipei", and "Chinese Taipei" in favor of the PRC's preferred "Taiwan, China" or "Taipei, China". (The PRC only permits the term "Chinese Taipei" in the context of international organizations, such as the IOC and the WTO.) In addition, it stated that for publishing maps or statistics that include the mainland but exclude Taiwan to depict the People's Republic of China solely, any disclaimer should be explicitly labeled "Taiwan Province not included" with the word "province".

United States

If a place of birth on a United States passport application is written as "Taiwan, China", which cannot be shown in passports as per the One-China policy, the United States Department of State requires its officials to contact the applicant to ascertain whether "Taiwan" or "China" is the preferred place of birth to be printed. [37]

Vietnam

In Vietnam, some government documents and some state media [38] [39] may use the forms Đài Loan (Trung Quốc) ["Taiwan (China)"] or Đài Loan, Trung Quốc ("Taiwan, China") to refer to Taiwan or Republic of China in contexts such as music and entertainment coverage. [40] [41] [42] In other media, they often use the term vùng lãnh thổ ("territory") [43] or đảo ("island") [44] [45] to refer to Taiwan when wanting to avoid repeating the term "Taiwan" many times in their article. The term Tỉnh Đài Loan ("Taiwan Province") [46] sometimes appear in media to refer to all of "Taiwan Area" (not only referring to the Taiwan Province of ROC). "Đài Loan" remains the official name of Taiwan in Vietnamese in most cases.

International airlines

In April 2018, the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) wrote a letter to approximately 36 airlines throughout the world, including American Airlines, Air Canada, All Nippon Airways, Air New Zealand, British Airways, Delta Airlines, Japan Airlines, Lufthansa, Qantas, Singapore Airlines, and United Airlines, among others, requesting that they change travel destination cities in Taiwan on their websites to list them under "Taiwan, Province of China", or directly list them as, for example, "Taipei, China" and "Kaohsiung, China" instead of the existing "Taipei, Taiwan" and "Kaohsiung, Taiwan". [47] The request was made under the possibility that if the demands were not met, the airlines could be banned from flying into China or along its airspace.

Most airlines quickly complied, although there was some initial resistance among some U.S. airlines. They requested a time extension to consider the issue, and replied to the Authority that they will confer with the U.S. government regarding the course of action. The White House under the Trump administration responded by labeling the move as "Orwellian nonsense". [48] The CAAC therefore extended the deadline for U.S. airlines to 25 July 2018 for compliance. [49] Eventually, all of the resisting U.S. airlines partially gave in to Beijing's demand by the deadline, and dropped all references to Taiwan as a country, but rather listing the city names only (for example, just "Taipei" or "Kaohsiung" without any mention of which country the city is in). [50]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ There is some debate whether the war has ended since the two Chinas are still fighting for international recognition and assurance of sovereignty. See Chinese Civil War for details.
  2. 1 2 Omitted entries.
  3. 1 2 Blank entries.
  4. ↑ This traditional Chinese phrase means "including Penghu Islands, Kinmen, and Matsu."
  5. ↑ ISO 3166-2:TW considered counties of Taiwan as "districts" before correcting the subdivision category on 15 November 2016.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Foreign relations of Taiwan</span>

Foreign relations of the Republic of China (ROC), more commonly known as Taiwan, are accomplished by efforts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China, a cabinet-level ministry of the Government of the Republic of China. As of January 2024, the ROC has formal diplomatic relations with 11 of the 193 United Nations member states and with the Holy See, which governs the Vatican City State. In addition to these relations, the ROC also maintains unofficial relations with 59 UN member states, one self-declared state (Somaliland), three territories (Guam, Hong Kong, and Macau), and the European Union via its representative offices and consulates. In 2021, the Government of the Republic of China had the 33rd largest diplomatic network in the world with 110 offices.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mainland China</span> Geopolitical area comprising a large part of China

"Mainland China", also referred to as "the Chinese mainland", is a geopolitical term defined as the territory under direct administration of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War. In addition to the geographical mainland, the geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as Hainan, Chongming, and Zhoushan. By convention, territories outside of mainland China include:

The political status of Taiwan or the Taiwan issue is an ongoing geopolitical dispute about Taiwan, currently controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), that arose in the mid-twentieth century. Originally based in mainland China before and during World War II, the ROC government retreated to Taiwan in 1949 after it was defeated by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the Chinese Civil War and the subsequent establishment of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since then, the effective jurisdiction of the ROC has been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and smaller islands.

Taiwan is divided into multi-layered statutory subdivisions. Due to the complex political status of Taiwan, there is a significant difference in the de jure system set out in the original constitution and the de facto system in use today.

ISO 3166-2:TW is the entry for Taiwan, "Taiwan, Province of China", or "Taiwan ", in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

"Chinese Taipei" is the term used in various international organizations and tournaments for groups or delegations representing the Republic of China (ROC), a country commonly known as Taiwan.

ISO 3166-2:CN is the entry for China in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of Taiwan (1945–present)</span>

As a result of the surrender and occupation of Japan at the end of World War II, the islands of Taiwan and Penghu were placed under the governance of the Republic of China (ROC), ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT), on 25 October 1945. Following the February 28 massacre in 1947, martial law was declared in 1949 by the Governor of Taiwan, Chen Cheng, and the ROC Ministry of National Defense. Following the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the ROC government retreated from the mainland as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The KMT retreated to Taiwan and declared Taipei the temporary capital of the ROC. For many years, the ROC and PRC each continued to claim in the diplomatic arena to be the sole legitimate government of "China". In 1971, the United Nations expelled the ROC and replaced it with the PRC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office</span> De facto embassy of Taiwan

The Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office (TECRO), also known as Taipei Economic and Cultural Office (TECO), Taipei Representative Office (TRO) or Taipei Mission, is an alternative diplomatic institution serving as a de facto embassy or a consulate of the Republic of China to exercise the foreign affairs and consular services in specific countries which have established formal diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. The PRC denies the legitimacy of the ROC as a sovereign state and claims the ROC-controlled territories as an integral part of its territory. An exclusive mandate, namely One-China policy, requires that any country wishing to establish a diplomatic relationship with the PRC must first sever any formal relationship with the ROC. According to The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, "non-recognition of the Taiwanese government is a prerequisite for conducting formal diplomatic relations with the PRC—in effect forcing other governments to choose between Beijing and Taipei." As a result, these countries only allow the ROC to establish representative offices instead of a fully-fledged embassy or consulate for the purpose of conducting practical bilateral relations without granting full diplomatic recognition.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taiwan Area</span> Territories under the control of Taiwan

The Taiwan Area, fully the "Taiwan Area of the Republic of China", also the free area of the Republic of China, the "Tai-Min Area ", is a term used to refer to the actual-controlled territories of the Republic of China, usually called "Taiwan". It has been in official use since the Additional articles of the Republic of China constitution took effect to end temporary anti-communist provisions on 1 May 1991. The term is also used in the 1992 Cross-Strait Act.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China</span> Claimed province of China

Taiwan Province refers to a notional administrative division claimed by the People's Republic of China. The PRC constitution asserts Taiwan as part of its territories although the PRC has never controlled Taiwan since the PRC's establishment in 1949. The territory of the claimed province, including the entire island of Taiwan, is in actuality administered by the Republic of China (ROC) but is not coextensive with the smaller Taiwan Province of the ROC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Two Chinas</span> Geopolitical concept

The concept of Two Chinas refers to the political divide between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC). The PRC was established in 1949 by the Chinese Communist Party, while the ROC was founded in 1912 and retreated to Taiwan after losing the Chinese Civil War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cross-strait charter</span> Charter flights flying directly between Taiwan and Mainland China

A cross-strait charter is a charter flight between Taiwan and mainland China, across the Taiwan Strait. After the Chinese Civil War, no direct flights were allowed between Taiwan and mainland China; this remained the case until 2003. Passengers had to transfer in a third city, such as Hong Kong, to complete their trip.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taiwanese nationality law</span>

Taiwanese nationality law details the conditions in which a person is a national of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan. The Nationality Act is based on the principle of jus sanguinis, children born to at least one Taiwanese parent are automatically nationals at birth. Foreign nationals with residency in Taiwan may naturalize after continuously living in the country for at least five (5) years. Certain foreign immediate family members of Taiwanese nationals may naturalize after continuously living in the country for at least three (3) years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Korea–Taiwan relations</span> Bilateral relations

South Korean–Taiwan relations

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of diplomatic relations of the Republic of China</span>

Numerous states have ceased their diplomatic recognition of the Republic of China during the last 70 years, since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Under the One China policy, the ROC is recognized by 11 UN member states and Holy See with 59 UN member states and Somaliland maintaining unofficial cultural and economic relations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Republic of China at the Olympics</span> Sporting event delegation

The Republic of China (ROC) took part in the opening ceremony of the 1924 Summer Olympics, but its four athletes, all of whom were tennis players, withdrew from competition. The ROC participated in its first Olympic Games in 1932 under the name of China. After the World War II, the ROC competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics. The ROC delegation at the 1948 Summer Games is the only ROC delegation composed of athletes from both mainland China and island of Taiwan in Olympic history. In 1932 and 1936, athletes from the island of Taiwan competed as part of the team of Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of Taiwan</span> Overview of and topical guide to Taiwan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Taiwan:

References

  1. ↑ "Taiwan protests to WHO over 'province of China' label". ABS-CBN. Agence France-Presse. May 17, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2017.
  2. ↑ "What is the 'One China' policy?". BBC News. October 6, 2021. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  3. ↑ "A Pivotal President-- Lee Teng-hui's 12 Years". Taiwan Panorama (Sino). June 5, 2000. Archived from the original on April 13, 2023. Retrieved October 7, 2021.
  4. ↑ Ogasawara, Yoshiyuki. "Constitutional Reform and Democratization in Taiwan". Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. Archived from the original on October 7, 2021. Retrieved October 7, 2021.
  5. ↑ "Taiwan and China in 'special relations': Ma". China Post. September 4, 2008. Archived from the original on September 10, 2008. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  6. ↑ "Taiwan President: Mainland China is Still Our Territory". ChinaSmack. October 29, 2013. Archived from the original on February 13, 2014. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
  7. ↑ 请央视自律 关于正确使用涉台宣传用语的意见. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  8. ↑ "Beijing seeks to downgrade Taiwan's status: Report - Taipei Times". August 8, 2021. Archived from the original on August 7, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
  9. 1 2 "China forbids terms 'Formosa' and 'Republic of China'". Taiwan News. July 21, 2017. Archived from the original on October 19, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2020.
  10. ↑ "Taiwan president protests China pressuring UN body into calling island a Chinese territory". The Associated Press. Reading Eagle. May 10, 2011. Archived from the original on February 25, 2019. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  11. ↑ "China vows 'forceful measures' over Taiwan VP's US visit". TARTWORLD. August 13, 2023. Archived from the original on August 28, 2023. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  12. ↑ "China/Taiwan: Evolution of the "One China" Policy—Key Statements from Washington, Beijing, and Taipei" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. October 10, 2014. p. 39. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 10, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2017. In the Chinese text, the word for "acknowledge" is "cheng ren" (recognize), a change from "ren shi" (acknowledge),used in the 1972 Shanghai Communique. During debate on the TRA in February 1979, Senator Jacob Javits noted the difference and said that "it is very important that we not subscribe to the Chinese position on One China either way." Deputy Secretary of State Warren Christopher responded that "we regard the English text as being the binding text. We regard the word 'acknowledge' as being the word that is determinative for the U.S." (Wolff and Simon, pp. 310-311).
  13. ↑ "US Does Not Take a Position on Taiwan's Sovereignty, State Department Says". VOA. September 26, 2022. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
  14. ↑ Shirley A. Kan; Wayne M. Morrison (January 4, 2013). "U.S.-Taiwan Relationship: Overview of Policy Issues" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 11, 2016. Retrieved May 11, 2017. The position of the United States, as clarified in the China/Taiwan: Evolution of the "One China" Policy report of the Congressional Research Service (date: July 9, 2007) is summed up in five points:
    1. The United States did not explicitly state the sovereign status of Taiwan in the three US-PRC Joint Communiques of 1972, 1979, and 1982.
    2. The United States "acknowledged" the "One China" position of both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
    3. U.S. policy has not recognized the PRC's sovereignty over Taiwan;
    4. U.S. policy has not recognized Taiwan as a sovereign country; and
    5. U.S. policy has considered Taiwan's status as undetermined. U.S. policy has considered Taiwan's status as unsettled.
    These positions remained unchanged in a 2013 report of the Congressional Research Service.
  15. ↑ "US official raps China over UN Resolution 2758". CNA. May 1, 2024. Archived from the original on May 1, 2024. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  16. ↑ "H.R.1176 - Taiwan International Solidarity Act". congress.gov. July 25, 2023. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
  17. ↑ Kelvin Chen (April 30, 2024). "US official slams China's use of UN resolution to claim sovereignty over Taiwan". taiwannews.com. Archived from the original on May 1, 2024. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
  18. ↑ Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis Statistics Division (March 31, 1996). "Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistics Use, 1996 (Revision 3)". New York: United Nations. 158 Taiwan Province of China TWN
  19. ↑ Department Of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division (August 31, 1999). "Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistics Use, 1999 (Revision 4)". New York: United Nations. 158 Taiwan Province of China TW TWN
  20. ↑ "UNSD: Standard country or area codes for statistical use (M49) – Questions & Answers". Archived from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved May 4, 2024. On the 25th October 1971, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution (2758) to recognize the representatives of the Government of the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate representatives of China to the United Nations. As a result, within the M49, Taiwan Province of China is considered part of China (numerical code 156). However, for strictly statistical purposes, the numerical code 158 can be used to represent this area.
  21. ↑ "ISO 3166 – FAQs – Specific". ISO. Archived from the original on June 16, 2012.
  22. ↑ Lin, Keng-yu; Tsai, Rex (November 2, 2011). "Taiwan listed as "Taiwan, Province of China"". Launchpad . Canonical Ltd. Archived from the original on October 20, 2016. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
  23. ↑ "Taiwan is not a province of China". Archived from the original on April 20, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  24. ↑ "ISO 3166 information for CN". International Organization for Standardization. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  25. ↑ "ISO 3166 information for TW". International Organization for Standardization. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved December 8, 2020. Independent: No; Administrative language(s) alpha-2: zh; Administrative language(s) alpha-3: zho; Local short name: Taiwan
  26. ↑ The Guidelines for National Unification (in English and Chinese)
  27. ↑ "Taiwan sues ISO over incorrect reference". Taipei Representative Office in the UK. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011.
  28. ↑ Felber, René (September 10, 2010). "Umweg über Zivilrichter unzulässig: Taiwans Kampf um seinen Namen". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). p. 14.
  29. ↑ "Urteil vom 9. September 2010 (5A_329/2009)" [Decision of 9 September 2010 (5A_329/2009)](PDF) (in German). Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 27, 2011.
  30. ↑ "Arrêt du 9 septembre 2010 (5A_329/2009)" [Decision of 9 September 2010 (5A_329/2009)](PDF) (in French). Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 2, 2010.
  31. ↑ "CNS 12842 X5014 Codes for the representation of names of countries". Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection. July 7, 2009. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
  32. ↑ "CNS 12842 X5014 Codes for the representation of names of countries". Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection. July 7, 2009. p. 22. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved December 8, 2020. TAIWAN, ROC | 中華民國 | the Republic of China | TW | TWN | 158 | 包括澎湖群島、金門、馬祖。 | # | zh | zho | TAIWAN, ROC
  33. ↑ "戶役政資訊系統資料代碼內容清單" (in Traditional Chinese). Archived from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
  34. ↑ Mangapower. "Pressured by "higher-ups paying attention", so UNI Yeh said "Taipei, China"". Apple Daily (in Chinese). Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
  35. ↑ Wu, Jianhong (July 21, 2013). "葉瑋庭《好聲音》自我介紹出包 「中國屏東」被譙翻". Apple Daily (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  36. ↑ "新华社发布新闻报道禁用词和慎用词" [Xinhua News Agency releases banned words and cautious words for news reports] (in Chinese). October 6, 2020. Archived from the original on May 26, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
  37. ↑ "8 FAM 403.4 Place of Birth". Foreign Affairs Manual. United States Department of State. June 27, 2018. Archived from the original on July 29, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2018. d. If an applicant born in Taiwan writes "Taiwan, China" as her/his POB on a passport application, you must contact the applicant to ascertain whether she/he prefers either TAIWAN or CHINA as her/his POB (Information Request Letter 707-06)." "f. Passports may not be issued showing the POB as "Taiwan, China," "Taiwan, Republic of China," or "Taiwan, ROC."
  38. ↑ Trần Nga theo Ap. "Đài Loan, Trung Quốc quyên góp 26 triệu USD cho Nhật Bản" (in Vietnamese). Vov.vn. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  39. ↑ "Danh Sách Công Dân Việt Nam Được Thôi Quốc Tịch Việt Nam" (in Vietnamese). Moj.gov.vn. March 25, 2005. Archived from the original on July 5, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  40. ↑ "Trung Quốc, Đài Loan khai trương triển lãm đèn lồng" (in Vietnamese). vietnamplus.vn. February 12, 2010. Archived from the original on October 16, 2014. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  41. ↑ "VietNam Airlines tổ chức đoàn khảo sát điểm đến Đài Loan (Trung Quốc)". Archived from the original on March 28, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2011.
  42. ↑ "Dị nữ Lady Gaga khuấy động thị trường Đài Loan" (in Vietnamese). Vietnamplus.vn. November 9, 2008. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  43. ↑ "Đài Loan dùng sức mạnh mềm chống Trung Quốc?" (in Vietnamese). Baodatviet.vn. October 25, 2010. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  44. ↑ "Tên lửa Hsiungfeng 2E của đảo Đài Loan có gì mạnh?" (in Vietnamese). Baodatviet.vn. October 5, 2010. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  45. ↑ "Tên lửa Hsiungfeng 2E của đảo Đài Loan có gì mạnh?" (in Vietnamese). Vtc.vn. October 5, 2010. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  46. ↑ "4 người Việt bị bắt ở Đài Loan" (in Vietnamese). Vietbao.vn. Archived from the original on January 3, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  47. ↑ JAMES PALMER, BETHANY ALLEN-EBRAHIMIAN (April 27, 2018). "China Threatens U.S. Airlines Over Taiwan References". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
  48. ↑ "White House: China push on Taiwan is 'Orwellian nonsense'". The Seattle Times. May 5, 2018. Archived from the original on July 19, 2018. Retrieved July 19, 2018.
  49. ↑ "Beijing's demand to refer to 'China Taiwan' still being defied by US airlines". South China Morning Post. June 26, 2018. Archived from the original on August 21, 2018. Retrieved July 5, 2018.
  50. ↑ Wee, Sui-Lee (July 25, 2018). "Giving In to China, U.S. Airlines Drop Taiwan (in Name at Least)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.