A Coruña metropolitan area | Spain | 28.819 (2020) [2] | 1,121,815 (2020) [3] |
Aachen | Germany | 24.296 (2020) [2] | 249,070 (2021) [4] |
Aalborg | Denmark | 31.855 (2021) [2] | 219,487 (2021) [5] |
Aarhus | Denmark | 54.927 (2021) [2] | 352,751 (2021) [6] |
Abbotsford, British Columbia | Canada | 6.239 (2020) [7] | 203,907 (2020) [8] |
Aberdeen, Scotland | United Kingdom | 23.0 (2020) [9] | 489,840 (2020) [10] |
Abidjan | Ivory Coast | 27 (2017) [11] | 5,600,000 (2020) [12] |
Abilene, TX MSA | United States | 9.469 (2022) [13] | 179,308 (2022) [14] |
Abu Dhabi metropolitan area | United Arab Emirates | 278 (2023) [15] | 1,740,000 (2023) [16] |
Adelaide | Australia | 64.461 (2018–19) [17] | 1,344,368 (2018–19) [18] |
Ahmedabad | India | 68 (2023) [19] | 9,300,000 (2023) [16] |
Aix-Marseille-Provence Metropolis | France | 135.038 (2021) [2] | 1,680,000 (2021) [20] |
Akron, OH MSA | United States | 44.562 (2022) [13] | 697,627 (2022) [14] |
Albany-Lebanon, OR MSA | United States | 6.108 (2022) [13] | 130,467 (2022) [14] |
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY MSA | United States | 80.303 (2022) [13] | 904,617 (2022) [14] |
Albany, GA MSA | United States | 7.312 (2022) [13] | 145,786 (2022) [14] |
Albuquerque, NM MSA | United States | 53.862 (2022) [13] | 919,543 (2022) [14] |
Alexandria | Egypt | 36.000 (2021) [21] | 5,950,000 (2021) [20] |
Alexandria, LA MSA | United States | 7.460 (2022) [13] | 149,189 (2022) [14] |
Alicante metropolitan area | Spain | 38.851 (2020) [2] | 1,915,282 (2020) [22] |
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ MSA | United States | 54.323 (2022) [13] | 871,229 (2022) [14] |
Almaty | Kazakhstan | 41.485 (2022) [23] | 2,250,000 (2022) [24] |
Altoona, PA MSA | United States | 7.238 (2022) [13] | 121,032 (2022) [14] |
Alxa League | China | 4.419 (2020) [25] [26] | 262,361 (2020) [27] |
Amarillo, TX MSA | United States | 17.376 (2022) [13] | 271,171 (2022) [14] |
Ames, IA MSA | United States | 8.104 (2021) [13] | 125,767 (2021) [28] |
Amiens | France | 19.418 (2021) [2] | 304,331 (2021) [29] |
Amsterdam metropolitan area | Netherlands | 237.841 (2022) [2] | 2,500,000 (2022) [24] |
Anápolis | Brazil | 6.740 (2011) [30] | 334,623 (2010) [31] |
Anchorage, AK MSA | United States | 31.570 (2022) [13] | 400,470 (2022) [14] |
Angers Loire Métropole | France | 29.379 (2021) [2] | 394,256 (2021) [32] |
Ankara | Turkey | 74.83 (2021) [33] | 5,150,000 (2021) [20] |
Ann Arbor, MI MSA | United States | 30.556 (2022) [13] | 366,376 (2022) [14] |
Annecy | France | 29.98 (2021) [2] | 183,697 (2021) [34] |
Anniston-Oxford, AL MSA | United States | 5.466 (2022) [13] | 115,788 (2022) [14] |
Anshan | China | 80.968 (2020) [35] | 2,625,000 (2020) [12] |
Antwerp metropolitan area | Belgium | 66.063 (2021) [2] | 1,230,000 (2021) [20] |
Appleton, Wisconsin metropolitan area | United States | 16.977 (2022) [13] | 244,845 (2022) [14] |
Arnhem–Nijmegen metropolitan area | Netherlands | 34.621 (2021) [2] | 774,506 (2022) [36] |
Asheville, NC MSA | United States | 26.228 (2022) [13] | 476,072 (2022) [14] |
Astana | Kazakhstan | 23.115 (2022) [23] | 1,350,228 (2022) [37] |
Asturias metropolitan area | Spain | 27.152 (2022) [38] [39] | 1,009,088 (2022) [40] |
Athens Metropolitan Area | Greece | 85.809 (2020) [2] | 3,350,000 (2020) [12] |
Athens-Clarke County, GA MSA | United States | 12.628 (2022) [13] | 220,405 (2022) [14] |
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Alpharetta, GA MSA | United States | 525.888 (2022) [13] | 6,222,106 (2022) [14] |
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ MSA | United States | 16.851 (2022) [13] | 275,638 (2022) [14] |
Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA | United States | 8.256 (2022) [13] | 180,773 (2022) [14] |
Auckland | New Zealand | 81.227 (2022) [41] | 1,470,000 (2022) [24] |
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC MSA | United States | 34.185 (2022) [13] | 624,083 (2022) [14] |
Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX MSA | United States | 222.054 (2022) [13] | 2,421,115 (2022) [14] |
Bakersfield, CA MSA | United States | 57.541 (2022) [13] | 916,108 (2022) [14] |
Balikpapan-Samarinda Metropolitan | Indonesia | 29.901 (2021) [42] | 2,621,877 (2021) [42] |
Ballarat | Australia | 4.460 (2018–19) [17] | 108,491 (2018–19) [43] |
Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD MSA | United States | 241.399 (2022) [13] | 2,835,672 (2022) [14] |
Bandung Metropolitan | Indonesia | 38.290 (2021) [44] | 7,050,000 (2021) [20] |
Bangkok Metropolitan Region | Thailand | 252.128 (2022) [45] | 19,900,000 (2022) [24] |
Bangor, ME MSA | United States | 8.551 (2022) [13] | 153,704 (2022) [14] |
Banjarmasin Metropolitan | Indonesia | 6.017 (2021) [46] | 2,164,485 (2021) [46] |
Baotou | China | 40.412 (2020) [25] [26] | 2,225,000 (2020) [12] |
Barcelona metropolitan area | Spain | 182.524 (2020) [2] | 4,775,000 (2020) [12] |
Barnstable Town, MA MSA | United States | 16.351 (2022) [13] | 232,457 (2022) [14] |
Barrie | Canada | 6.453 (2020) [7] | 218,377 (2020) [8] |
Batam Metropolitan | Indonesia | 16.006 (2021) [47] | 1,450,000 (2021) [20] |
Baton Rouge, LA MSA | United States | 62.951 (2022) [13] | 873,060 (2022) [14] |
Battle Creek, MI MSA | United States | 7.728 (2022) [13] | 133,289 (2022) [14] |
Bay City, MI MSA | United States | 4.592 (2022) [13] | 102,821 (2022) [14] |
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX MSA | United States | 29.007 (2022) [13] | 393,575 (2022) [14] |
Beckley, WV MSA | United States | 5.187 (2021) [13] | 113,724 (2021) [48] |
Belfast | United Kingdom | 25.5 (2015) [49] | 671,559 (2011) [50] |
Belgrade | Serbia | 25.31 (2021) [51] | 1,430,000 (2021) [20] |
Belleville, Ontario | Canada | 3.814 (2020) [7] | 113,045 (2020) [8] |
Bellingham, WA MSA | United States | 19.595 (2022) [13] | 230,677 (2022) [14] |
Belo Horizonte | Brazil | 54.996 (2011) [30] | 4,744,599 (2010) [52] |
Bend, OR MSA | United States | 13.878 (2022) [13] | 206,549 (2022) [14] |
Bendigo | Australia | 3.961 (2018–19) [17] | 99,416 (2018–19) [53] |
Bengaluru | India | 110 (2023) [54] | 13,700,000 (2023) [16] |
Bergamo metropolitan area | Italy | 40.539 (2020) [2] | 1,102,286 (2020) [55] |
Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region | Germany | 271.818 (2021) [56] | 4,750,000 (2021) [20] |
Bhopal | India | 5.35 (2023) [57] | 2,600,000 (2023) [16] |
Bielefeld | Germany | 16.19 (2020) [2] | 591,862 (2021) [58] |
Bielsko-Biała | Poland | 10.147 (2020) [2] | 169,756 (2020)Source: Polska w liczbach web site |
Bilbao metropolitan area | Spain | 37.568 (2020) [2] | 1,014,366 (2020) [59] |
Billings, MT MSA | United States | 13.208 (2022) [13] | 190,208 (2022) [14] |
Binghamton, NY MSA | United States | 12.659 (2022) [13] | 244,889 (2022) [14] |
Birmingham | United Kingdom | 39.1 (2020) | 3,150,000 (2020) [12] |
Birmingham-Hoover, AL MSA | United States | 79.098 (2022) [13] | 1,116,857 (2022) [14] |
Bismarck, ND MSA | United States | 8.881 (2022) [13] | 134,846 (2022) [14] |
Blacksburg-Christiansburg, VA MSA | United States | 9.060 (2022) [13] | 165,812 (2022) [14] |
Bloomington, IL MSA | United States | 14.431 (2022) [13] | 171,141 (2022) [14] |
Bloomington, IN MSA | United States | 9.085 (2022) [13] | 161,227 (2022) [14] |
Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA MSA | United States | 5.205 (2022) [13] | 83,017 (2022) [14] |
Bocholt metropolitan area | Germany | 16.488 (2020) [2] | 71,074 (2021) [60] |
Boise, ID MSA | United States | 49.947 (2022) [13] | 811,336 (2022) [14] |
Bologna metropolitan area | Italy | 45.648 (2020) [2] | 1,017,225 (2020) |
Bordeaux | France | 73.813 (2021) [2] | 1,100,000 (2021) [20] |
Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH MSA | United States | 504.167 (2022) [13] | 4,900,550 (2022) [14] |
Boulder, CO MSA | United States | 35.608 (2022) [13] | 327,468 (2022) [14] |
Bowling Green, KY MSA | United States | 9.794 (2022) [13] | 185,682 (2022) [14] |
Brantford | Canada | 4.58 (2020) [7] | 151,620 (2020) [8] |
Brasília | Brazil | 65.338 (2015)(8th) | 3,548,438 (2017) [61] |
Brașov | Romania | 8.472 (2020) [2] | 371,802 (2021) [62] |
Bratislava metropolitan area | Slovakia | 33.072 (2021) [2] | 719,537 (2021) [63] |
Breda | Netherlands | 33.23 (2020) [2] | 324,812 (2014) [64] |
Bremen | Germany | 56.517 (2020) [2] | 1,000,000 (2020) [12] |
Bremerton-Silverdale-Port Orchard, WA MSA | United States | 15.477 (2022) [13] | 277,673 (2022) [14] |
Brescia metropolitan area | Italy | 46.603 (2020) [2] | 1,250,527 (2020) [55] |
Brest Métropole | France | 32.956 (2021) [2] | 381,226 (2021) [65] |
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT MSA | United States | 104.368 (2022) [13] | 962,946 (2022) [14] |
Brisbane | Australia | 177 (2018–19) [17] | 2,388,038 (2018–19) [66] |
Bristol | United Kingdom | 22.3 (2020) [49] | 465,866 (2020) [67] |
Brno | Czech Republic | 30.963 (2021) [2] | 398,510 (2021) [68] |
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX MSA | United States | 14.259 (2022) [13] | 425,208 (2022) [14] |
Brunswick, GA MSA | United States | 5.933 (2022) [13] | 114,442 (2022) [14] |
Brussels metropolitan area | Belgium | 237.08 (2022) [2] | 2,725,000 (2022) [24] |
Bucharest Metropolitan Area | Romania | 78.052 (2021) [69] | 2,200,000 (2021) [20] |
Budapest metropolitan area | Hungary | 86.93 (2021) [2] | 2,625,000 (2021) [20] |
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY MSA | United States | 84.673 (2022) [13] | 1,161,192 (2022) [14] |
Burlington-South Burlington, VT MSA | United States | 17.478 (2022) [13] | 227,521 (2022) [14] |
Burlington, NC MSA | United States | 7.889 (2022) [13] | 176,353 (2022) [14] |
Bursa | Turkey | 33.641 (2021) [70] | 2,125,000 (2021) [20] |
Busan-Gyeongnam Area | South Korea | 252.145 (2022) [45] | 5,115,000 (2022) [24] |
Bydgoszcz–Toruń metropolitan area | Poland | 12.417 (2020) [2] | 752,655 (2019) [71] |
Cádiz-Jerez metropolitan area | Spain | 22.971 (2020) [2] | 639,560 (2022) INE |
Caen | France | 25.054 (2021) [2] | 395,885 (2021) [72] |
Cairns | Australia | 10.709 (2018–19) [17] | 153,951 (2019) [73] |
Calgary Metropolitan Region | Canada | 76.548 (2020) [7] | 1,542,956 (2020) [8] |
California-Lexington Park, MD MSA | United States | 8.849 (2022) [13] | 114,877 (2022) [14] |
Campinas | Brazil | 40.525 (2011) [30] | 1,874,487 (2011) [74] |
Campo Grande | Brazil | 9.59 (2013) [75] | 786,797 (2010) [76] |
Campos dos Goytacazes | Brazil | 5.358 (2016) [77] | 511,168 (2020) [78] |
Canberra | Australia | 30.909 (2018–19) [17] | 465,118 (2018–19) [79] |
Canton-Massillon, OH MSA | United States | 22.880 (2022) [13] | 399,316 (2022) [14] |
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL MSA | United States | 44.629 (2022) [13] | 822,453 (2022) [14] |
Cape Girardeau, MO-IL MSA | United States | 5.282 (2022) [13] | 98,275 (2022) [14] |
Cape Town | South Africa | 56.300 (2022) [80] | 4,375,000 (2022) [24] |
Caracas | Venezuela | 70 (2012) [81] | 1,942,652 (2011) [82] |
Carbondale-Marion, IL MSA | United States | 6.801 (2022) [13] | 132,693 (2022) [14] |
Cardiff-Newport | United Kingdom | 49.5 (2020) [49] | 1,552,527 (2020) [67] |
Carson City, NV MSA | United States | 4.285 (2022) [13] | 58,130 (2022) [14] |
Casablanca | Morocco | 47.000 (2022) [83] | 4,625,000 (2022) [24] |
Casper, WY MSA | United States | 6.273 (2022) [13] | 79,601 (2022) [14] |
Cedar Rapids, IA MSA | United States | 22.009 (2022) [13] | 275,592 (2022) [14] |
Central German Metropolitan Region | Germany | 109.582 (2020) [56] | 2,411,051 (2020) [84] |
Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA MSA | United States | 7.457 (2022) [13] | 156,902 (2022) [14] |
Champaign-Urbana, IL MSA | United States | 14.328 (2022) [13] | 223,265 (2022) [14] |
Chandigarh | India | 6 (2023)| GDP_rank = 25th | 2,575,000 (2023) [16] |
Changchun | China | 96.240 (2020) [25] [85] | 3,700,000 (2020) [12] |
Changde | China | 54.355 (2020) [25] | 1,160,000 (2020) [12] |
Changji Prefecture | China | 20.113 (2020) [25] [86] | 1,613,585 (2020) [87] |
Changsha | China | 208 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 10,420,600 (2022) [91] |
Charleroi | Belgium | 16.93 (2021) [2] | 396,820 (2021) [92] |
Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA | United States | 56.933 (2022) [13] | 830,529 (2022) [14] |
Charleston, WV MSA | United States | 14.891 (2022) [13] | 251,914 (2022) [14] |
Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC MSA | United States | 228.913 (2022) [13] | 2,756,069 (2022) [14] |
Charlottesville, VA MSA | United States | 17.190 (2022) [13] | 223,825 (2022) [14] |
Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA | United States | 40.042 (2022) [13] | 574,507 (2022) [14] |
Chengdu | China | 260.409 (2023) | 16,600,000 (2023) [16] |
Chennai | India | 128.3 (2023) [93] | 12,200,000 (2023) [16] |
Cheyenne, WY MSA | United States | 7.545 (2022) [13] | 100,723 (2022) [14] |
Chicago–Naperville, IL–IN–WI CSA | United States | 832.899 (2022) [13] | 9,806,184 (2022) [14] |
Chico, CA MSA | United States | 11.077 (2022) [13] | 207,303 (2022) [14] |
Chittagong | Bangladesh | 25.5 (2019) [94] | 4,925,000 (2020) [12] |
Chongqing | China | 407.562 (2022) [95] | 10,100,000 (2022) [24] |
Chuzhou | China | 43.960 (2020) [25] | 3,937,868 (2020) [96] |
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN MSA | United States | 186.141 (2022) [13] | 2,265,051 (2022) [14] |
Clarksville, TN-KY MSA | United States | 16.209 (2022) [13] | 336,605 (2022) [14] |
Clermont-Ferrand | France | 26.492 (2021) [2] | 362,578 (2021) [97] |
Cleveland-Elyria, OH MSA | United States | 162.788 (2022) [13] | 2,063,132 (2022) [14] |
Cleveland, TN MSA | United States | 6.296 (2022) [13] | 128,479 (2022) [14] |
Cluj-Napoca | Romania | 13.155 (2020) [2] | 286,598 (2021) [98] |
Cocos (Keeling) Islands | Cocos (Keeling) Islands | 0.011 (2010) [99] | 561 (2011) [100] |
Coeur d'Alene, ID MSA | United States | 9.609 (2022) [13] | 183,578 (2022) [14] |
Coimbatore | India | 42 (2023) | 2,925,000 (2023) [16] |
Coimbra | Portugal | 9.837 (2021) [2] | 140,796 (2021) [101] |
College Station-Bryan, TX MSA | United States | 18.181 (2022) [13] | 277,824 (2022) [14] |
Colorado Springs, CO MSA | United States | 47.905 (2022) [13] | 765,424 (2022) [14] |
Columbia, MO MSA | United States | 12.514 (2022) [13] | 214,630 (2022) [14] |
Columbia, SC MSA | United States | 54.072 (2022) [13] | 847,686 (2022) [14] |
Columbus, GA-AL MSA | United States | 17.038 (2022) [13] | 324,110 (2022) [14] |
Columbus, IN MSA | United States | 7.979 (2022) [13] | 83,540 (2022) [14] |
Columbus, OH MSA | United States | 169.123 (2022) [13] | 2,161,511 (2022) [14] |
Communauté d'agglomération Nîmes Métropole | France | 23.471 (2021) [2] | 564,024 (2021) [102] |
Communauté d'agglomération Pau Béarn Pyrénées | France | 26.427 (2021) [2] | 311,949 (2021) [103] |
Constanța | Romania | 9.159 (2020) [2] | 263,688 (2021) [104] |
Copenhagen metropolitan area | Denmark | 179.846 (2021) [2] | 1,690,000 (2021) [20] |
Córdoba metropolitan area | Spain | 14.929 (2020) [2] | 326,039 (2020) [105] |
Corpus Christi, TX MSA | United States | 28.228 (2022) [13] | 421,628 (2022) [14] |
Corvallis, OR MSA | United States | 5.443 (2022) [13] | 97,630 (2022) [14] |
Coventry | United Kingdom | 13.9 (2020) [106] [39] | 379,387 (2020) [107] |
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL MSA | United States | 21.491 (2022) [13] | 299,786 (2022) [14] |
Cumberland, MD-WV MSA | United States | 4.342 (2022) [13] | 94,122 (2022) [14] |
Curitiba | Brazil | 58.082 (2011) [30] | 3,054,076 (2010) [108] |
Daegu | South Korea | 50.400 (2022) [109] | 2,750,000 (2022) [24] |
Daejeon | South Korea | 40.000 (2022) [109] | 1,540,000 (2022) [24] |
Dalian | China | 125 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 5,050,000 (2022) [24] |
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA | United States | 688.928 (2022) [13] | 7,943,685 (2022) [14] |
Dalton, GA MSA | United States | 8.726 (2022) [13] | 143,604 (2022) [14] |
Danville, IL MSA | United States | 3.946 (2022) [13] | 72,337 (2022) [14] |
Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL MSA | United States | 10.811 (2022) [13] | 246,435 (2022) [14] |
Daqing | China | 33.362 (2020) [25] [110] | 1,620,000 (2020) [12] |
Dar es Salaam | Tanzania | 10.4 (2019) [111] | 6,450,000 (2020) [12] |
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL MSA | United States | 25.774 (2022) [13] | 379,374 (2022) [14] |
Dayton, OH MSA | United States | 41.111 (2022) [13] | 812,595 (2022) [14] |
Decatur, AL MSA | United States | 8.038 (2022) [13] | 157,425 (2022) [14] |
Decatur, IL MSA | United States | 8.181 (2022) [13] | 101,483 (2022) [14] |
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL MSA | United States | 28.134 (2022) [13] | 705,897 (2022) [14] |
Denpasar Metropolitan | Indonesia | 9.941 (2021) [112] | 1,580,000 (2021) [20] |
Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO MSA | United States | 288.800 (2022) [13] | 2,985,871 (2022) [14] |
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA MSA | United States | 67.334 (2022) [13] | 729,053 (2022) [14] |
Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area | United States | 305.412 (2022) [13] | 4,345,761 (2022) [14] |
Deyang | China | 34.855 (2020) [25] [113] | 3,456,161 (2020) [114] |
Dijon Métropole | France | 23.472 (2021) [2] | 368,440 (2021) [115] |
Dongying | China | 43.222 (2020) [25] [116] | 2,193,518 (2020) [117] |
Dothan, AL MSA | United States | 8.410 (2022) [13] | 152,517 (2022) [14] |
Dover, DE MSA | United States | 9.920 (2022) [13] | 186,946 (2022) [14] |
Dresden | Germany | 50.788 (2020) [2] | 1,343,747 (2020) [59] |
Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area | United Arab Emirates | 202.800 (2022) [118] | 6,050,000 (2022) [24] |
Dubuque, IA MSA | United States | 8.184 (2022) [13] | 98,677 (2022) [14] |
Duluth, MN-WI MSA | United States | 16.822 (2022) [13] | 291,323 (2022) [14] |
Durban | South Africa | 64.700 (2022) [80] | 3,525,000 (2022) [24] |
Durham-Chapel Hill, NC MSA | United States | 63.950 (2022) [13] | 664,310 (2022) [14] |
East Stroudsburg, PA MSA | United States | 10.009 (2022) [13] | 167,198 (2022) [14] |
Eau Claire, WI MSA | United States | 10.839 (2022) [13] | 173,644 (2022) [14] |
Edinburgh | United Kingdom | 32.9 (2020) [49] | 527,620 (2020) [119] |
Edmonton Metropolitan Region | Canada | 65.23 (2020) [7] | 1,467,219 (2020) [8] |
Eindhoven | Netherlands | 48.257 (2020) [2] | 300,751 (2020) [120] |
El Centro, CA MSA | United States | 11.064 (2022) [13] | 178,713 (2022) [14] |
El Paso, TX MSA | United States | 43.283 (2022) [13] | 872,195 (2022) [14] |
Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY MSA | United States | 7.500 (2022) [13] | 157,026 (2022) [14] |
Elkhart-Goshen, IN MSA | United States | 21.094 (2022) [13] | 206,890 (2022) [14] |
Elmira, NY MSA | United States | 4.337 (2022) [13] | 81,426 (2022) [14] |
Enid, OK MSA | United States | 3.319 (2022) [13] | 61,920 (2022) [14] |
Enschede | Netherlands | 27.337 (2020) [2] | 315,807 (2014) [121] |
Erfurt | Germany | 20.347 (2020) [2] | 213,227 (2021) [122] |
Erie, PA MSA | United States | 13.171 (2022) [13] | 267,689 (2022) [14] |
Eugene-Springfield, OR MSA | United States | 20.913 (2022) [13] | 382,353 (2022) [14] |
European Metropolis of Lille | France | 101.806 (2021) [2] | 1,300,000 (2021) [20] |
Evansville, IN-KY MSA | United States | 25.278 (2022) [13] | 314,038 (2022) [14] |
Ezhou | China | 14.574 (2020) [25] [123] | 1,079,353 (2020) [124] |
Fairbanks, AK MSA | United States | 6.804 (2022) [13] | 95,356 (2022) [14] |
Faisalabad | Pakistan | 43 (2013) [125] | 3,204,704 (2017) [126] |
Fangchenggang | China | 10.624 (2020) [25] [127] | 1,046,068 (2020) [128] |
Fargo, ND-MN MSA | United States | 18.792 (2022) [13] | 258,663 (2022) [14] |
Farmington, NM MSA | United States | 6.594 (2022) [13] | 120,418 (2022) [14] |
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR MSA | United States | 37.749 (2022) [13] | 576,403 (2022) [14] |
Fayetteville, NC MSA | United States | 25.960 (2022) [13] | 529,318 (2022) [14] |
Flagstaff, AZ MSA | United States | 9.080 (2022) [13] | 144,060 (2022) [14] |
Flensburg | Germany | 10.839 (2020) [2] | 113,800 (2021) [129] |
Flint, MI MSA | United States | 17.635 (2022) [13] | 401,983 (2022) [14] |
Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL MSA | United States | 6.540 (2022) [13] | 153,911 (2022) [14] |
Florence, SC MSA | United States | 11.807 (2022) [13] | 199,119 (2022) [14] |
Fond du Lac, WI MSA | United States | 6.203 (2022) [13] | 103,836 (2022) [14] |
Fort Collins, CO MSA | United States | 25.923 (2022) [13] | 366,778 (2022) [14] |
Fort Smith, AR-OK MSA | United States | 12.024 (2022) [13] | 247,072 (2022) [14] |
Fort Wayne, IN MSA | United States | 28.565 (2022) [13] | 426,076 (2022) [14] |
Fort-de-France | France | 10.741 (2021) [2] | 74,921 (2021) [130] |
Fortaleza | Brazil | 21.7 (2012) [131] | 3,326,820 (2010) [132] |
Freiburg im Breisgau | Germany | 30.404 (2020) [2] | 656,753 (2021) |
Fresno, CA MSA | United States | 55.427 (2022) [13] | 1,015,190 (2022) [14] |
Fukuoka–Kitakyushu | Japan | 182.952 (2019) [133] | 4,750,000 (2020) [12] |
Fuzhou | China | 183 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 4,450,000 (2022) [24] |
Gadsden, AL MSA | United States | 3.489 (2022) [13] | 103,088 (2022) [14] |
Gainesville, FL MSA | United States | 19.655 (2022) [13] | 348,282 (2022) [14] |
Gainesville, GA MSA | United States | 15.264 (2022) [13] | 212,692 (2022) [14] |
Gdansk metropolitan area | Poland | 23.448 (2020) [2] | 1,098,379 (2021) [134] |
Geelong | Australia | 8.725 (2018–19) [17] | 271,848 (2018–19) [135] |
Geneva | Switzerland | 55.423 (2020) [136] | 506,343 (2020) [137] |
George Town | Malaysia | 27.535 (2022) [138] [139] | 2,050,000 (2022) [24] |
Gettysburg, PA MSA | United States | 4.429 (2022) [13] | 106,027 (2022) [14] |
Ghent metropolitan area | Belgium | 39.015 (2021) [2] | 561,524 (2021) [140] |
Gibraltar | Gibraltar | 3.265 (2022) [141] [142] | 32,688 (2022) [143] |
Gladstone | Australia | 4.464 (2018–19) [17] | 45,130 (2018) [144] |
Glasgow | United Kingdom | 67.7 (2020) [49] | 1,680,000 (2020) [12] |
Glens Falls, NY MSA | United States | 8.034 (2022) [13] | 126,440 (2022) [14] |
Goiânia | Brazil | 22.763 (2011) [30] | 2,078,438 (2011) [145] |
Gold Coast | Australia | 26.669 (2018–19) [17] | 679,127 (2018) [146] |
Goldsboro, NC MSA | United States | 6.049 (2022) [13] | 117,286 (2022) [14] |
Gothenburg | Sweden | 104.766 (2021) [2] | 1,051,345 (2020) [59] |
Granada metropolitan area | Spain | 18.091 (2020) [2] | 495,900 (2020) [147] |
Grand Besançon Métropole | France | 19.018 (2021) [2] | 197,494 (2021) [148] |
Grand Forks, ND-MN MSA | United States | 6.580 (2022) [13] | 103,144 (2022) [14] |
Grand Island, NE MSA | United States | 5.387 (2022) [13] | 76,333 (2022) [14] |
Grand Junction, CO MSA | United States | 8.218 (2022) [13] | 158,636 (2022) [14] |
Grand Poitiers communauté urbaine | France | 15.217 (2021) [2] | 266,160 (2021) [149] |
Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI MSA | United States | 77.296 (2022) [13] | 1,094,198 (2022) [14] |
Grand Reims | France | 23.619 (2021) [2] | 297,068 (2021) [150] |
Grants Pass, OR MSA | United States | 3.658 (2022) [13] | 87,730 (2022) [14] |
Graz | Austria | 32.416 (2020) [2] | 351,369 (2021) [151] |
Great Falls, MT MSA | United States | 4.781 (2022) [13] | 84,864 (2022) [14] |
Greater Buenos Aires | Argentina | 235.600 (2023) [152] | 16,700,000 (2023) [16] |
Greater Cairo | Egypt | 190.200 (2021) [21] | 21,500,000 (2021) [20] |
Dhaka | Bangladesh | 258.2 (2022) [153] | 20,900,000 (2022) [24] |
Greater Dublin Area | Ireland | 272.454 (2022) [2] | 1,420,000 (2022) [24] |
Greater Helsinki | Finland | 125.166 (2022) [69] | 1,500,000 (2022) [24] |
Greater Manchester | United Kingdom | 108.000 (2021) [154] | 3,075,000 (2021) [20] |
Greater Manila Area | Philippines | 162.3 (2022) [155] | 26,400,000 (2022) [24] |
Greater Mexico City | Mexico | 340.800 (2022) [156] | 24,700,000 (2022) [24] |
Greater Montreal | Canada | 170.53 (2020) [7] | 4,336,487 (2020) [8] |
Greater São Paulo | Brazil | 314.500 (2022) [157] | 22,700,000 (2022) [24] |
Greater Sudbury | Canada | 7.242 (2020) [7] | 172,476 (2020) [8] |
Greater Tokyo Area | Japan | 2,080.758 (2020) [158] | 40,400,000 (2020) [12] |
Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area | Canada | 349.201 (2020) [159] | 7,281,694 (2021) [8] |
Greater Vancouver | Canada | 122.113 (2020) [7] | 2,743,765 (2020) [8] |
Greeley, CO MSA | United States | 27.344 (2022) [13] | 350,176 (2022) [14] |
Green Bay, WI MSA | United States | 24.565 (2022) [13] | 330,292 (2022) [14] |
Greensboro-High Point, NC MSA | United States | 49.029 (2022) [13] | 784,101 (2022) [14] |
Greenville-Anderson, SC MSA | United States | 57.403 (2022) [13] | 958,958 (2022) [14] |
Greenville, NC MSA | United States | 10.921 (2022) [13] | 173,542 (2022) [14] |
Grenoble metropolitan area | France | 53.606 (2021) [2] | 760,823 (2021) [160] |
Groningen | Netherlands | 22.301 (2020) [2] | 232,874 (2020) [161] |
Guadalajara | Mexico | 65.800 (2023) [162] | 5,750,000 (2023) [16] |
Shenzhen | China | 455.694 (2022) [95] | 14,678,000 (2022) [24] |
Guangzhou | China | 429 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 18,676,000 (2022) [74] |
Tianjin | China | 243 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 11,200,000 (2022) [24] |
Suzhou | China | 356 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 12,748,000 (2022) [74] |
Ningbo | China | 234 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 6,850,000 (2022) [24] |
Foshan | China | 189 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 9,499,000 (2022) [74] |
Nantong | China | 169 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 3,125,000 (2022) [24] |
Dongguan | China | 167 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 10,466,000 (2022) [74] |
Changzhou | China | 142 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 5,278,000 (2022) [74] |
Guelph | Canada | 7.891 (2020) [7] | 167,658 (2020) [8] |
Guiyang | China | 62.511 (2020) [25] [163] | 3,300,000 (2020) [12] |
Gujranwala | Pakistan | 15.681 (2016) [164] | 5,011,066 (2017) [165] |
Gulfport-Biloxi, MS MSA | United States | 23.511 (2022) [13] | 420,782 (2022) [14] |
Gwangju | South Korea | 36.000 (2022) [109] | 1,630,000 (2022) [24] |
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV MSA | United States | 13.990 (2022) [13] | 302,510 (2022) [14] |
Haifa | Israel | 25.082 (2019) [166] | 1,050,000 (2019) [167] |
Haixi Prefecture | China | 8.986 (2020) [25] [168] | 468,216 (2020) [169] |
Halifax, Nova Scotia | Canada | 18.228 (2020) [7] | 450,910 (2020) [8] |
Hamamatsu | Japan | 54.3 (2010) [170] [171] | 800,866 (2010) [172] |
Hamburg Metropolitan Region | Germany | 261.306 (2020) [56] | 2,875,000 (2020) [12] |
Hami | China | 8.814 (2020) [25] [86] | 673,383 (2020) [87] |
Hammond, LA MSA | United States | 5.447 (2022) [13] | 137,048 (2022) [14] |
Hanford-Corcoran, CA MSA | United States | 8.146 (2022) [13] | 152,981 (2022) [14] |
Hangzhou | China | 279.000 (2022) [95] | 11,936,010 (2020) [173] |
Hannover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region | Germany | 186.167 (2020) [56] | 3,845,271 (2015) [174] |
Hanoi | Vietnam | 42.04 (2019) [175] | 8,053,663 (2019) [176] |
Harbin | China | 94.1 (2017) [177] | 10,009,854 (2020) [178] |
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA MSA | United States | 47.815 (2022) [13] | 603,493 (2022) [14] |
Harrisonburg, VA MSA | United States | 10.226 (2022) [13] | 136,555 (2022) [14] |
Hartford-East Hartford-Middletown, CT MSA | United States | 114.887 (2022) [13] | 1,221,725 (2022) [14] |
Hattiesburg, MS MSA | United States | 7.901 (2022) [13] | 173,359 (2022) [14] |
Hefei | China | 179 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 7,150,000 (2022) [24] |
Heidelberg | Germany | 34.067 (2020) [2] | 1,544,830 (2020) [179] |
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC MSA | United States | 18.281 (2022) [13] | 368,347 (2022) [14] |
Hilton Head Island-Bluffton, SC MSA | United States | 12.497 (2022) [13] | 228,410 (2022) [14] |
Hinesville, GA MSA | United States | 4.768 (2022) [13] | 86,378 (2022) [14] |
Hiroshima | Japan | 61.3 (2010) [170] [171] | 2,860,750 (2010) [180] |
Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area | Vietnam | 96.399 (2022) [181] | 10,900,000 (2022) [24] |
Hobart | Australia | 11.388 (2018–19) [17] | 218,874 (2018–19) [182] |
Hohhot | China | 40.605 (2020) [25] [26] | 1,870,000 (2020) [12] |
Homosassa Springs, FL MSA | United States | 5.664 (2022) [13] | 162,529 (2022) [14] |
Hong Kong | China | 406.775 (2024) [183] | 7,588,000 (2024) [183] |
Hot Springs, AR MSA | United States | 4.200 (2022) [13] | 100,089 (2022) [14] |
Houma-Thibodaux, LA MSA | United States | 10.812 (2022) [13] | 200,656 (2022) [14] |
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX MSA | United States | 633.184 (2022) [13] | 7,340,118 (2022) [14] |
Hsinchu | Taiwan | 11.980 (2016) [184] | 448,207 (2020) [185] |
Huai'an | China | 58.361 (2020) [25] [186] | 1,980,000 (2020) [12] |
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH MSA | United States | 18.046 (2022) [13] | 354,304 (2022) [14] |
Huntsville, AL MSA | United States | 38.101 (2022) [13] | 514,465 (2022) [14] |
Hyderabad | India | 74 (2023) [187] | 11,100,000 (2023) [16] |
Iași | Romania | 8.682 (2020) [2] | 423,154 (2021) [62] |
Idaho Falls, ID MSA | United States | 11.248 (2022) [13] | 165,608 (2022) [14] |
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN MSA | United States | 184.394 (2022) [13] | 2,141,779 (2022) [14] |
Indore | India | 8.1 (2020–21) [188] | 3,175,000 (2020) [12] |
Innsbruck | Austria | 15.921 (2020) [2] | 228,866 (2021) [189] |
Iowa City, IA MSA | United States | 12.900 (2022) [13] | 178,991 (2022) [14] |
Iserlohn | Germany | 16.739 (2020) [2] | 91,873 (2021) [190] |
Istanbul metropolitan area | Turkey | 275.365 (2022) [191] | 16,500,000 (2022) [24] |
Ithaca, NY MSA | United States | 7.274 (2022) [13] | 104,777 (2022) [14] |
İzmir | Turkey | 51.460 (2021) [70] | 3,050,000 (2021) [20] |
Jackson, MI MSA | United States | 7.990 (2022) [13] | 160,066 (2022) [14] |
Jackson, MS MSA | United States | 34.043 (2022) [13] | 583,197 (2022) [14] |
Jackson, TN MSA | United States | 10.814 (2022) [13] | 181,579 (2022) [14] |
Jacksonville, FL MSA | United States | 117.162 (2022) [13] | 1,675,668 (2022) [14] |
Jacksonville, NC MSA | United States | 10.737 (2022) [13] | 207,298 (2022) [14] |
Jaipur | India | 15 (2021) [192] | 4,050,000 (2021) [20] |
Jakarta metropolitan area | Indonesia | 323.030 (2022) [193] [194] [195] | 28,600,000 (2022) [24] |
Janesville-Beloit, WI MSA | United States | 9.277 (2022) [13] | 164,060 (2022) [14] |
Jeddah | Saudi Arabia | 138.970 (2022) [196] | 5,300,000 (2022) [24] |
Jefferson City, MO MSA | United States | 9.698 (2022) [13] | 150,350 (2022) [14] |
Jerusalem | Israel | 48.0 (2015) [197] | 1,008,400 (2013) [198] |
Jiayuguan | China | 4.083 (2020) [25] [199] | 312,663 (2020) [200] |
Jinan | China | 179 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 6,200,000 (2022) [24] |
Jinchang | China | 5.199 (2020) [25] [199] | 438,026 (2020) [200] |
Beijing | China | 618.648 (2022) [201] | 20,500,000 (2022) [24] |
Jingmen | China | 27.640 (2020) [25] [123] | 2,596,927 (2020) [124] |
Jiujiang | China | 46.981 (2020) [25] [202] | 4,600,276 (2020) [203] |
Johannesburg | South Africa | 134.682 (2022) [80] | 8,400,042 (2022) [74] |
Johnson City, TN MSA | United States | 9.943 (2022) [13] | 210,256 (2022) [14] |
Johnstown, PA MSA | United States | 5.499 (2022) [13] | 131,441 (2022) [14] |
Jonesboro, AR MSA | United States | 7.016 (2022) [13] | 135,512 (2022) [14] |
Joplin, MO MSA | United States | 9.407 (2022) [13] | 184,086 (2022) [14] |
Jundiaí | Brazil | 20.081 (2011) [30] | 698,679 (2010) [204] |
Kabul | Afghanistan | 6.000 | 4,800,000 (2023) [16] |
Kagoshima | Japan | 53.0 (2019) [158] | 1,588,256 (2020) [205] |
Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI MSA | United States | 11.649 (2022) [13] | 164,351 (2022) [14] |
Kaiserslautern | Germany | 9.577 (2020) [2] | 124,300 (2021) [206] |
Kalamazoo-Portage, MI MSA | United States | 18.786 (2022) [13] | 261,173 (2022) [14] |
Kankakee, IL MSA | United States | 8.320 (2022) [13] | 106,074 (2022) [14] |
Kansas City, MO-KS MSA | United States | 169.501 (2022) [13] | 2,209,494 (2022) [14] |
Kaohsiung | Taiwan | 58.071 (2016) [207] | 2,775,000 (2020) [12] |
Karachi | Pakistan | 176.2 (2022) [208] | 18,600,000 (2022) [24] |
Karamay | China | 12.858 (2020) [25] [86] | 490,348 (2020) [87] |
Karlsruhe | Germany | 43.054 (2020) [2] | 504,030 (2020) [209] |
Kassel | Germany | 19.433 (2020) [2] | 340,200 (2021) [210] |
Katowice metropolitan area | Poland | 52.713 (2021) [2] | 2,325,000 (2021) [20] |
Kaunas urban area | Lithuania | 14.406 (2022) [211] [39] | 298,753 (2021) [212] |
Kelowna | Canada | 8.401 (2020) [7] | 223,529 (2020) [8] |
Kennewick-Richland, WA MSA | United States | 19.553 (2022) [13] | 311,469 (2022) [14] |
Kiel | Germany | 26.831 (2020) [2] | 325,300 (2021) [213] |
Kielce | Poland | 9.144 (2020) [2] | 192,468 (2021)(18th) [214] |
Killeen-Temple, TX MSA | United States | 24.105 (2022) [13] | 496,228 (2022) [14] |
Kingsport-Bristol, TN-VA MSA | United States | 17.596 (2022) [13] | 311,272 (2022) [14] |
Kingston, NY MSA | United States | 9.053 (2022) [13] | 182,319 (2022) [14] |
Kingston, Ontario | Canada | 6.873 (2020) [7] | 176,176 (2020) [8] |
Kitchener, Ontario | Canada | 24.529 (2020) [7] | 593,397 (2020) [8] |
Knoxville, TN MSA | United States | 58.893 (2022) [13] | 907,968 (2022) [14] |
Koblenz | Germany | 17.01 (2020) [2] | 113,638 (2021) [215] |
Kokomo, IN MSA | United States | 5.079 (2022) [13] | 83,574 (2022) [14] |
Kolkata | India | 160.2 (2022) [216] | 17,200,000 (2022) [24] |
Konstanz, metropolitan area | Germany | 12.212 (2020) [2] | 288,097 (2021) |
Košice | Slovakia | 14.243 (2021) [2] | 228,249 (2021) [217] |
Kraków metropolitan area | Poland | 29.165 (2020) [2] | 1,498,499 (2020) |
Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | 59.831 (2019) [218] | 8,900,000 (2020) [12] |
Kumamoto | Japan | 39.8 (2010) [170] [219] | 1,817,426 (2010) [220] |
Kunming | China | 97.628 (2020) [25] [221] | 4,250,000 (2020) [12] |
Kuwait City | Kuwait | 118.000 (2020) [222] | 4,750,000 (2020) [12] |
Kyiv | Ukraine | 27.5 (2020) [223] | 3,475,000 (2020) [12] |
Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe | Japan | 699.474 (2022) [45] | 17,700,000 (2022) [24] |
La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN MSA | United States | 9.693 (2022) [13] | 139,094 (2022) [14] |
Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN MSA | United States | 14.002 (2022) [13] | 226,452 (2022) [224] |
Lafayette, LA MSA | United States | 24.996 (2022) [13] | 481,125 (2022) [14] |
Lagos metropolitan area | Nigeria | 102.010 (2021) [225] | 20,100,000 (2021) [20] |
Lahore | Pakistan | 40.000 (2022) [226] | 13,900,000 (2022) [24] |
Lake Charles, LA MSA | United States | 18.574 (2022) [13] | 207,320 (2022) [14] |
Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ MSA | United States | 7.715 (2022) [13] | 220,816 (2022) [14] |
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL MSA | United States | 37.305 (2022) [13] | 787,404 (2022) [14] |
Lancaster, PA MSA | United States | 36.312 (2022) [13] | 556,629 (2022) [14] |
Lansing-East Lansing, MI MSA | United States | 32.633 (2022) [13] | 540,870 (2022) [14] |
Laredo, TX MSA | United States | 17.010 (2022) [13] | 267,780 (2022) [14] |
Las Cruces, NM MSA | United States | 9.336 (2022) [13] | 223,337 (2022) [14] |
Las Palmas metropolitan area | Spain | 16.93 (2020) [2] | 556,159 (2020) [227] |
Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV MSA | United States | 160.728 (2022) [13] | 2,322,985 (2022) [14] |
Launceston | Australia | 3.961 (2018–19) [17] | 89,532 (2018-19) [228] |
Lawrence, KS MSA | United States | 6.176 (2022) [13] | 119,964 (2022) [14] |
Lawton, OK MSA | United States | 6.198 (2022) [13] | 128,523 (2022) [14] |
Le Mans Métropole | France | 18.533 (2021) [2] | 267,560 (2021) [229] |
Lebanon, PA MSA | United States | 7.510 (2022) [13] | 144,011 (2022) [14] |
Leeds | United Kingdom | 37.1 (2020) [106] [39] | 2,175,000 (2020) [12] |
Leeuwarden metropolitan area | Netherlands | 11.749 (2020) [2] | 124,084 (2020) [230] |
Leiden | Netherlands | 18.472 (2020) [2] | 270,225 (2018) [231] |
Les Abymes | France | 10.807 (2020) [2] | 52,118 (2021) [232] |
Lethbridge | Canada | 5.059 (2020) [7] | 128,795 (2020) [8] |
Lewiston-Auburn, ME MSA | United States | 6.001 (2022) [13] | 113,023 (2022) [14] |
Lewiston, ID-WA MSA | United States | 3.641 (2022) [13] | 65,512 (2022) [14] |
Lexington-Fayette, KY MSA | United States | 35.670 (2022) [13] | 517,916 (2022) [14] |
Lhasa | China | 9.832 (2020) [25] [233] | 867,891 (2020) [234] |
Lianyungang | China | 47.512 (2020) [25] [186] | 1,150,000 (2020) [12] |
Liège | Belgium | 31.085 (2021) [2] | 500,903 (2021) [235] |
Lima | Peru | 114.400 (2023) [236] | 11,600,000 (2023) [16] |
Lima, OH MSA | United States | 10.789 (2022) [13] | 101,115 (2022) [14] |
Limoges metropolitan area | France | 12.558 (2021) [2] | 296,099 (2021) [237] |
Lincoln, NE MSA | United States | 25.459 (2022) [13] | 342,448 (2022) [14] |
Linz | Austria | 43.918 (2020) [2] | 271,234 (2020) [238] |
Lisbon metropolitan area | Portugal | 103.33 (2021) [2] | 2,500,000 (2021) [20] |
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR MSA | United States | 47.322 (2022) [13] | 757,615 (2022) [14] |
Liuzhou | China | 46.060 (2020) [25] [127] | 2,000,000 (2020) [12] |
Liverpool | United Kingdom | 21.9 (2021) [239] [39] | 1,880,000 (2021) [20] |
Ljubljana | Slovenia | 23.937 (2021) [2] | 294,464 (2021) [240] |
Łódź metropolitan area | Poland | 21.779 (2021) [2] | 1,112,069 (2011) [241] |
Logan, UT-ID MSA | United States | 8.009 (2022) [13] | 155,362 (2022) [14] |
London metropolitan area | United Kingdom | 978.402 (2022) [45] | 14,800,000 (2022) [24] |
London, Ontario | Canada | 20.818 (2020) [7] | 550,605 (2020) [8] |
Longview, TX MSA | United States | 20.259 (2022) [13] | 291,219 (2022) [14] |
Longview, WA MSA | United States | 6.626 (2022) [13] | 111,956 (2022) [14] |
Longyan | China | 41.623 (2020) [25] [242] | 2,723,637 (2020) [243] |
Los Angeles–Long Beach, CA CSA | United States | 1,566.296 (2022) [13] | 18,372,485 (2022) [244] |
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN MSA | United States | 90.836 (2022) [13] | 1,284,553 (2022) [14] |
Lubbock, TX MSA | United States | 18.116 (2022) [13] | 328,283 (2022) [14] |
Lublin | Poland | 10.065 (2020) [2] | 664,000 (2021) |
Lucknow | India | 3.83 (2023) [245] | 4,000,000 (2023) [16] |
Luoyang | China | 74.352 (2020) [25] | 2,550,000 (2020) [12] |
Luxembourg metropolitan area | Luxembourg | 85.503 (2021) [2] | 643,941 (2021) [246] |
Lynchburg, VA MSA | United States | 12.464 (2022) [13] | 263,613 (2022) [14] |
Maanshan | China | 31.706 (2020) [25] | 2,159,930 (2020) [247] |
Macao | China | 54.677 (2024) [183] | 692,000 (2024) [183] |
Mackay | Australia | 6.540 (2018–19) [17] | 80,148 (2018) [248] |
Macon-Bibb County, GA MSA | United States | 12.760 (2022) [13] | 233,916 (2022) [14] |
Madera, CA MSA | United States | 7.738 (2022) [13] | 160,256 (2022) [14] |
Madison, WI MSA | United States | 60.909 (2022) [13] | 687,077 (2022) [14] |
Madrid Metropolitan Area | Spain | 277.508 (2021) [69] | 6,700,000 (2021) [20] |
Magdeburg | Germany | 18.25 (2020) [2] | 295,200 (2021) [249] |
Makassar Metropolitan | Indonesia | 17.052 (2021) [250] | 1,920,000 (2021) [20] |
Málaga metropolitan area | Spain | 32.26 (2020) [2] | 1,030,000 (2020) [12] |
Malmö | Sweden | 64.427 (2020) [2] | 748,433 (2020) [251] |
Manado Metropolitan | Indonesia | 5.487 (2021) [252] | 1,008,126 (2021) [252] |
Manaus | Brazil | 30.375 (2014) [253] | 1,802,014 (2010) [254] |
Manchester-Nashua, NH MSA | United States | 34.533 (2022) [13] | 426,594 (2022) [14] |
Manhattan, KS MSA | United States | 8.457 (2022) [13] | 133,072 (2022) [14] |
Mankato, MN MSA | United States | 6.831 (2022) [13] | 104,072 (2022) [14] |
Mansfield, OH MSA | United States | 5.494 (2022) [13] | 125,319 (2022) [14] |
Mataram Metropolitan | Indonesia | 5.491 (2021) [255] | 3,808,908 (2021) [255] |
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX MSA | United States | 27.685 (2022) [13] | 888,367 (2022) [14] |
Medan Metropolitan | Indonesia | 28.248 (2021) [256] | 4,075,000 (2021) [20] |
Medellín | Colombia | 35.000 (2023) [257] | 4,225,000 (2023) [16] |
Medford, OR MSA | United States | 12.024 (2022) [13] | 221,644 (2022) [14] |
Melbourne | Australia | 318.677 (2021) [45] | 5,050,000 (2021) [20] |
Memphis, TN-MS-AR MSA | United States | 96.183 (2022) [13] | 1,332,305 (2022) [14] |
Merced, CA MSA | United States | 11.560 (2022) [13] | 290,014 (2022) [14] |
Métropole du Grand Nancy | France | 24.59 (2021) [2] | 427,697 (2021) [258] |
Métropole Nice Côte d'Azur | France | 47.361 (2021) [2] | 1,101,039 (2021) [67] |
Métropole Rouen Normandie | France | 49.637 (2021) [2] | 499,830 (2021) [259] |
Metropolis of Lyon | France | 116.412 (2021) [260] | 1,990,000 (2021) [20] |
Metropolitan Area of Bogotá | Colombia | 121.800 (2023) [257] | 10,200,000 (2023) [16] |
Metropolitan City of Bari | Italy | 30.011 (2020) [2] | 1,223,102 (2023) [261] |
Metropolitan City of Cagliari | Italy | 12.645 (2020) [2] | 419,553 (2023) [262] |
Metropolitan City of Catania | Italy | 22.017 (2020) [2] | 1,068,482 (2023) [263] |
Metropolitan City of Florence | Italy | 39.496 (2020) [2] | 1,010,000 (2020) [12] |
Metropolitan City of Genoa | Italy | 30.556 (2020) [2] | 564,981 (2021) [264] |
Metropolitan City of Messina | Italy | 12.441 (2020) [2] | 598,811 (2023) [265] |
Metropolitan City of Palermo | Italy | 25.53 (2020) [2] | 647,160 (2021) [266] |
Metropolitan Cork | Ireland | 117.882 (2020) [2] | 270,000 (2020) [267] |
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA | United States | 483.755 (2022) [13] | 6,139,340 (2022) [14] |
Michigan City-La Porte, IN MSA | United States | 5.286 (2022) [13] | 111,675 (2022) [14] |
Midland, MI MSA | United States | 7.047 (2022) [13] | 83,674 (2022) [14] |
Midland, TX MSA | United States | 55.015 (2022) [13] | 177,216 (2022) [14] |
Milan metropolitan area | Italy | 233.596 (2020) [2] | 6,200,000 (2020) [12] |
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI MSA | United States | 120.563 (2022) [13] | 1,559,792 (2022) [14] |
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI MSA | United States | 333.102 (2022) [13] | 3,693,729 (2022) [14] |
Minsk | Belarus | 19.913 (2023) [268] [39] | 2,050,000 (2023) [16] |
Missoula, MT MSA | United States | 7.710 (2022) [13] | 121,041 (2022) [14] |
Mobile, AL MSA | United States | 27.361 (2022) [13] | 426,533 (2022) [14] |
Modesto, CA MSA | United States | 28.674 (2022) [13] | 551,275 (2022) [14] |
Monaco | Monaco | 6.816 (2020) [269] | 39,150 (2021) [270] |
Moncton | Canada | 6.031 (2020) [7] | 159,177 (2020) [8] |
Monroe, LA MSA | United States | 9.650 (2022) [13] | 202,869 (2022) [14] |
Monroe, MI MSA | United States | 7.119 (2022) [13] | 155,609 (2022) [14] |
Monterrey | Mexico | 140 (2015) [271] | 5,324,281 (2020) [272] |
Montevideo | Uruguay | 53.9 (2022) [273] | 1,870,000 (2022) [24] |
Montgomery, AL MSA | United States | 22.080 (2022) [13] | 385,460 (2022) [14] |
Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole | France | 45.031 (2021) [2] | 487,519 (2021) [259] |
Morgantown, WV MSA | United States | 9.657 (2022) [13] | 141,041 (2022) [14] |
Morristown, TN MSA | United States | 6.730 (2022) [13] | 146,172 (2022) [14] |
Moscow metropolitan area | Russia | 504.808 (2022) [45] | 17,400,00 (2022) [24] |
Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA MSA | United States | 8.773 (2022) [13] | 131,179 (2022) [14] |
Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération | France | 27.213 (2021) [2] | 356,125 (2021) [274] |
Multan | Pakistan | 12.000 (2022) [275] | 2,225,000 (2022) [24] |
Mumbai | India | 277.98 (2021) [276] [45] | 25,600,000 (2021) [20] |
Muncie, IN MSA | United States | 5.102 (2022) [13] | 112,031 (2022) [14] |
Munich Metropolitan Region | Germany | 384.582 (2020) [2] | 2,250,000 (2020) [12] |
Murcia metropolitan area | Spain | 33.946 (2020) [2] | 1,528,828 (2020) [277] |
Muskegon, MI MSA | United States | 7.408 (2022) [13] | 176,565 (2022) [14] |
Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC MSA | United States | 25.132 (2022) [13] | 536,165 (2022) [14] |
Nagoya | Japan | 379.301 (2021) [45] | 10,500,000 (2021) [20] |
Nagpur | India | 19 (2021–22) [278] | 3,325,000 (2021) [20] |
Nairobi | Kenya | 30 (2023) [279] | 6,550,000 (2023) [16] |
Namur metropolitan area | Belgium | 12.559 (2021) [2] | 319,355 (2021) [280] |
Nanchang | China | 83.300 (2020) [25] [202] | 3,875,000 (2020) [12] |
Nanjing | China | 251.000 (2022) [95] | 7,519,814 (2020) [281] |
Nanning | China | 54.299 (2015) [282] [283] | 7,765,411 (2015) [284] |
Nanping | China | 29.104 (2020) [25] [242] | 2,680,645 (2020) [243] |
Nantes | France | 65.457 (2021) [2] | 859,972 (2021) [285] |
Napa, CA MSA | United States | 13.166 (2022) [13] | 134,300 (2022) [14] |
Naples metropolitan area | Italy | 64.296 (2020) [2] | 4,225,000 (2020) [12] |
Naples-Marco Island, FL MSA | United States | 28.083 (2022) [13] | 397,994 (2022) [14] |
Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN MSA | United States | 187.781 (2022) [13] | 2,046,828 (2022) [14] |
National Capital Region (Delhi) | India | 272.603 (2021) [45] | 31,300,000 (2021) [20] |
Neubrandenburg | Germany | 8.714 (2020) [2] | 63,043 (2021) [286] |
New Bern, NC MSA | United States | 6.619 (2022) [13] | 122,488 (2022) [287] |
New Haven-Milford, CT MSA | United States | 61.456 (2022) [13] | 869,527 (2022) [14] |
New Orleans-Metairie, LA MSA | United States | 94.031 (2022) [13] | 1,246,176 (2022) [14] |
New York–Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA | United States | 2,163.208 (2022) [13] | 21,914,996 (2022) [288] |
Newcastle | Australia | 11.554 (2018–19) [17] | 492,805 (2018–19) [289] |
Nicosia | Cyprus | 28.407 (2021) [2] | 350,824 (2021) [290] |
Niigata | Japan | 43.3 (2010) [291] [219] | 2,374,450 (2010) [292] |
Niles, MI MSA | United States | 9.030 (2022) [13] | 152,900 (2022) [14] |
Ningde | China | 37.971 (2020) [25] [242] | 3,146,789 (2020) [243] |
North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL MSA | United States | 49.369 (2022) [13] | 891,411 (2022) [14] |
Northwest Metropolitan Region | Germany | 115.73 (2020) [56] | 2,797,706 (2020) [56] |
Norwich-New London, CT MSA | United States | 22.049 (2022) [13] | 268,681 (2022) [14] |
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region | Germany | 169.195 (2020) [56] | 1,200,000 (2020) [12] |
Nyingchi | China | 2.774 (2020) [25] [293] | 238,936 (2020) [294] |
Ocala, FL MSA | United States | 14.033 (2022) [13] | 396,415 (2022) [14] |
Ocean City, NJ MSA | United States | 6.533 (2022) [13] | 95,634 (2022) [14] |
Odense | Denmark | 25.361 (2021) [2] | 205,509 (2021) [295] |
Odessa, TX MSA | United States | 14.192 (2022) [13] | 160,869 (2022) [14] |
Offenburg | Germany | 20.259 (2020) [2] | 88,600 (2021) [296] |
Ogden-Clearfield, UT MSA | United States | 39.168 (2022) [13] | 713,839 (2022) [14] |
Okayama | Japan | 63.1 (2010) [170] [219] | 1,945,276 (2010) [297] |
Oklahoma City, OK MSA | United States | 94.742 (2022) [13] | 1,459,380 (2022) [14] |
Olympia-Lacey-Tumwater, WA MSA | United States | 17.927 (2022) [13] | 298,758 (2022) [14] |
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA MSA | United States | 85.021 (2022) [13] | 976,671 (2022) [14] |
Opole | Poland | 8.559 (2020) [2] | 146,522 (2021) |
Orange | Australia | 3.204 (2018–19) [17] | 40,493 (2018) [146] |
Ordos | China | 51.232 (2020) [25] [26] | 2,153,638 (2020) [27] |
Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL MSA | United States | 194.472 (2022) [13] | 2,764,182 (2022) [14] |
Orléans | France | 27.499 (2021) [2] | 453,067 (2021) [298] |
Oshawa | Canada | 10.321 (2020) [7] | 424,757 (2020) [8] |
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI MSA | United States | 12.398 (2022) [13] | 170,718 (2022) [14] |
Oslo | Norway | 73.715 (2020) [299] | 1,190,000 (2020) [12] |
Osnabrück | Germany | 23.005 (2020) [2] | 272,674 (2021) [300] |
Ostrava metropolitan area | Czech Republic | 25.054 (2021) [2] | 949,291 (2021) [301] |
Ottawa–Gatineau | Canada | 67.042 (2020) [7] | 1,462,582 (2020) [8] |
Owensboro, KY MSA | United States | 6.742 (2022) [13] | 121,348 (2022) [14] |
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA MSA | United States | 62.329 (2022) [13] | 832,605 (2022) [14] |
Padang Metropolitan | Indonesia | 6.213 (2021) [302] | 1,441,760 (2021) [302] |
Paderborn | Germany | 12.659 (2020) [2] | 309,380 (2021) [303] |
Padua–Treviso–Venice metropolitan area | Italy | 34.796 (2020) [2] | 2,748,420 (2020) [304] |
Palembang Metropolitan | Indonesia | 16.561 (2021) [305] | 1,740,000 (2021) [20] |
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL MSA | United States | 34.626 (2022) [13] | 630,693 (2022) [14] |
Palma de Mallorca metropolitan area | Spain | 24.507 (2020) [2] | 422,587 (2020) [306] |
Pamplona metropolitan area | Spain | 21.636 (2020) [2] | 359,435 (2020) [307] |
Panama City, FL MSA | United States | 11.683 (2022) [13] | 185,134 (2022) [14] |
Panjin | China | 18.900 (2020) [25] | 1,030,000 (2020) [12] |
Panzhihua | China | 15.090 (2020) [25] [113] | 1,212,203 (2020) [114] |
Paris metropolitan area | France | 934.168 (2022) [308] [309] [310] [311] | 11,400,000 (2022) [24] |
Parkersburg-Vienna, WV MSA | United States | 4.354 (2022) [13] | 88,431 (2022) [14] |
Parma | Italy | 19.202 (2020) [2] | 450,854 (2023) [312] |
Patna | India | 30 (2022) [313] | 2,800,000 (2022) [24] |
Pekanbaru Metropolitan | Indonesia | 25.279 (2021) [314] | 1,250,000 (2021) [20] |
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL MSA | United States | 27.080 (2022) [13] | 523,146 (2022) [14] |
Peoria, IL MSA | United States | 26.282 (2022) [13] | 396,466 (2022) [14] |
Perpignan Méditerranée Métropole | France | 14.43 (2021) [2] | 292,142 (2021) [315] |
Perth | Australia | 111.056 (2018–19) [17] | 2,087,086 (2018–19) [316] |
Perugia metropolitan area | Italy | 18.509 (2020) [2] | 637,598 (2023) [317] |
Peterborough, Ontario | Canada | 3.657 (2020) [7] | 131,665 (2020) [8] |
Pforzheim | Germany | 12.932 (2020) [2] | 215,100 (2021) [318] |
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD MSA | United States | 518.485 (2022) [13] | 6,241,164 (2022) [14] |
Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler, AZ MSA | United States | 362.087 (2022) [13] | 5,015,678 (2022) [14] |
Pine Bluff, AR MSA | United States | 4.122 (2022) [13] | 84,629 (2022) [14] |
Pittsburgh, PA MSA | United States | 181.485 (2022) [13] | 2,349,172 (2022) [14] |
Pittsfield, MA MSA | United States | 8.155 (2022) [13] | 127,859 (2022) [14] |
Ploiești | Romania | 8.827 (2020) [2] | 180,540 (2021) [62] |
Plzeň | Czech Republic | 13.742 (2021) [2] | 174,007 (2021) [319] |
Pocatello, ID MSA | United States | 4.229 (2022) [13] | 97,585 (2022) [14] |
Port St. Lucie, FL MSA | United States | 24.146 (2022) [13] | 520,710 (2022) [14] |
Portland-South Portland, ME MSA | United States | 43.764 (2022) [13] | 561,576 (2022) [14] |
Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA MSA | United States | 204.319 (2022) [13] | 2,509,489 (2022) [14] |
Porto Alegre | Brazil | 45.506 (2011) [30] | 3,701,525 (2010) [320] |
Porto metropolitan area | Portugal | 40.868 (2021) [2] | 1,550,000 (2021) [20] |
Poznań metropolitan area | Poland | 33.829 (2022) [2] | 546,859 (2021) [321] |
Prague metropolitan area | Czech Republic | 130.085 (2022) [2] | 1,470,000 (2022) [24] |
Prato | Italy | 8.564 (2020) [2] | 195,213 (2023) [322] |
Prescott Valley–Prescott, AZ MSA | United States | 6.111 (2017) [13] | 236,209 (2020) [323] |
Pretoria | South Africa | 56.286 (2022) [80] | 7,426,673 (2022) |
Providence-Warwick, RI-MA MSA | United States | 105.571 (2022) [13] | 1,673,802 (2022) [14] |
Provo-Orem, UT MSA | United States | 40.761 (2022) [13] | 715,001 (2022) [14] |
Puebla | Mexico | 31.102 (2019) [324] | 3,903,485 (2020) [325] |
Pueblo, CO MSA | United States | 7.836 (2022) [13] | 169,544 (2022) [14] |
Pune | India | 69 (2016) [326] [327] [328] | 9,429,408 (2011) [329] |
Punta Gorda, FL MSA | United States | 7.714 (2022) [13] | 202,661 (2022) [14] |
Putian | China | 38.333 (2020) [25] [242] | 1,380,000 (2020) [12] |
Qingdao | China | 222 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 7,050,000 (2022) [24] |
Quanzhou | China | 180 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 8,782,285 (2022) [330] |
Quebec City | Canada | 35.742 (2020) [7] | 832,021 (2020) [8] |
Quzhou | China | 23.764 (2020) [25] [331] | 2,276,184 (2020) [332] |
Racine, WI MSA | United States | 9.909 (2022) [13] | 195,846 (2022) [14] |
Raleigh-Cary, NC MSA | United States | 119.675 (2022) [13] | 1,484,338 (2022) [14] |
Rapid City, SD MSA | United States | 8.459 (2022) [13] | 145,159 (2022) [14] |
Reading, PA MSA | United States | 23.751 (2022) [13] | 430,449 (2022) [14] |
Recife | Brazil | 22.81 (2014) [333] | 3,741,898 (2010) [334] |
Redding, CA MSA | United States | 9.921 (2022) [13] | 180,930 (2022) [14] |
Regensburg | Germany | 25.618 (2020) [2] | 243,200 (2021) [335] |
Reggio Emilia metropolitan area | Italy | 21.133 (2020) [2] | 525,366 (2023) [336] |
Regina, Saskatchewan | Canada | 13.02 (2020) [7] | 263,236 (2020) [8] |
Rennes Métropole | France | 48.287 (2021) [2] | 624,744 (2021) [337] |
Reno, NV MSA | United States | 40.095 (2022) [13] | 500,915 (2022) [14] |
Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region | Germany | 197.259 (2020) [56] | 3,250,000 (2020) [12] |
Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region | Germany | 113.354 (2020) [56] | 2,362,000 (2020) [56] |
Richmond, VA MSA | United States | 109.513 (2022) [13] | 1,339,182 (2022) [14] |
Riga metropolitan area | Latvia | 25.207 (2021) [2] | 663,012 (2021) [338] |
Rio de Janeiro metropolitan area | Brazil | 195.095 (2021) [339] | 13,300,000 (2021) [20] |
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA | United States | 237.913 (2022) [13] | 4,667,558 (2022) [14] |
Riyadh | Saudi Arabia | 243.793 (2022) [196] | 8,800,000 (2022) [24] |
Roanoke, VA MSA | United States | 19.936 (2022) [13] | 314,340 (2022) [14] |
Rochester, MN MSA | United States | 16.500 (2022) [13] | 228,073 (2022) [14] |
Rochester, NY MSA | United States | 75.085 (2022) [13] | 1,081,152 (2022) [14] |
Rockford, IL MSA | United States | 18.129 (2022) [13] | 335,342 (2022) [14] |
Rockhampton | Australia | 5.342 (2018–19) [17] | 78,592 (2018) [340] |
Rocky Mount, NC MSA | United States | 8.097 (2022) [13] | 144,090 (2022) [14] |
Rome metropolitan area | Italy | 175.336 (2020) [2] | 3,575,000 (2020) [12] |
Rome, GA MSA | United States | 4.947 (2022) [13] | 99,443 (2022) [14] |
Rostock | Germany | 15.661 (2020) [2] | 243,000 (2021) [341] |
Rotterdam | Netherlands | 112.578 (2021) [2] | 1,876,165 (2020) [59] |
Rzeszów | Poland | 8.547 (2020) [2] | 195,871 (2021) [342] |
Saarbrücken | Germany | 33.295 (2020) [2] | 700,000 (2021) [343] |
Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA MSA | United States | 176.276 (2022) [13] | 2,416,702 (2022) [14] |
Saginaw, MI MSA | United States | 10.091 (2022) [13] | 188,330 (2022) [14] |
Saguenay, Quebec | Canada | 6.345 (2020) [7] | 163,335 (2020) [8] |
Saint John, New Brunswick | Canada | 4.747 (2020) [7] | 131,935 (2020) [8] |
Saint Petersburg | Russia | 128.000 (2021) [344] | 5,650,000 (2021) [20] |
Saint-Étienne Métropole | France | 26.675 (2021) [2] | 425,495 (2021) [345] |
Salem, OR MSA | United States | 24.075 (2022) [13] | 436,317 (2022) [14] |
Salinas, CA MSA | United States | 33.249 (2022) [13] | 432,858 (2022) [14] |
Salisbury, MD-DE MSA | United States | 28.573 (2022) [13] | 439,032 (2022) [14] |
Salt Lake City, UT MSA | United States | 135.409 (2022) [13] | 1,266,191 (2022) [14] |
Salvador | Brazil | 17.98 (2016) [346] [347] | 3,600,000 (2020) [12] |
Salzburg | Austria | 23.287 (2020) [2] | 157,245 (2020) [348] |
San Angelo, TX MSA | United States | 9.238 (2022) [13] | 121,839 (2022) [14] |
San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX MSA | United States | 163.061 (2022) [13] | 2,655,342 (2022) [14] |
San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA MSA | United States | 295.645 (2022) [13] | 3,276,208 (2022) [14] |
San Jose-San Francisco–Oakland, CA CSA | United States | 1,383.000 (2022) [13] | 6,518,123 (2022) [14] |
San Juan | Puerto Rico | 45.461 (2021) [349] | 1,920,000 (2021) [20] |
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA MSA | United States | 21.713 (2022) [13] | 282,013 (2022) [14] |
San Marino | San Marino | 2.034 (2024) [183] | 34,000 (2024) [183] |
San Sebastián metropolitan area | Spain | 24.897 (2020) [2] | 428,187 (2020) [350] |
Sanmenxia | China | 21.033 (2020) [25] | 2,034,872 (2020) [351] |
Sanming | China | 39.177 (2020) [25] [242] | 2,486,450 (2020) [243] |
Santa Cruz de Tenerife metropolitan area | Spain | 19.575 (2020) [2] | 434,083 (2020) [352] |
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA MSA | United States | 19.176 (2022) [13] | 264,370 (2022) [14] |
Santa Fe, NM MSA | United States | 8.797 (2022) [13] | 155,664 (2022) [14] |
Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA MSA | United States | 36.081 (2022) [13] | 443,837 (2022) [14] |
Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA MSA | United States | 36.877 (2022) [13] | 482,650 (2022) [14] |
Santander metropolitan area | Spain | 14.665 (2020) [2] | 256,025 (2020) [353] |
Santiago Metropolitan Region | Chile | 128.800 (2023) [354] | 8,050,000 (2023) [16] |
Santiago de Cali | Colombia | 22.100 (2023) [257] | 2,925,000 (2023) [16] |
Santos | Brazil | 28.609 (2011) [30] | 1,556,718 (2010) [355] |
São José dos Campos | Brazil | 30.148 (2011) [30] | 1,419,657 (2010) [356] |
São José dos Pinhais | Brazil | 14.726 (2011) [30] | 264,210 (2010) [357] |
Sapporo | Japan | 84.7 (2010) [170] [219] | 1,913,545 (2010) [358] |
Saskatoon | Canada | 15.059 (2020) [7] | 336,850 (2020) [8] |
Savannah, GA MSA | United States | 29.452 (2022) [13] | 418,373 (2022) [14] |
Schweinfurt | Germany | 12.847 (2020) [2] | 100,500 (2021) [359] |
Scranton–Wilkes-Barre, PA MSA | United States | 32.328 (2022) [13] | 567,998 (2022) [14] |
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA MSA | United States | 517.803 (2022) [13] | 4,034,248 (2022) [14] |
Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL MSA | United States | 9.573 (2022) [13] | 167,352 (2022) [14] |
Sebring-Avon Park, FL MSA | United States | 3.215 (2022) [13] | 105,618 (2022) [14] |
Semarang Metropolitan | Indonesia | 26.057 (2021) [360] | 2,275,000 (2021) [20] |
Sendai | Japan | 50 (2015) [361] | 1,082,159 (2015) [362] |
Seoul Capital Area | South Korea | 878.535 (2022) [109] | 24,800,000 (2022) [24] |
Seville metropolitan area | Spain | 42.016 (2020) [2] | 1,290,000 (2020) [12] |
Shanghai | China | 663.874 (2022) [95] | 24,890,106 (2020) |
Shantou | China | 34.8 (2017) [363] | 5,502,031 (2020) [364] |
Shaoxing | China | 86.999 (2020) [25] [331] | 5,270,977 (2020) [173] |
Sheboygan, WI MSA | United States | 8.087 (2022) [13] | 117,841 (2022) [14] |
Sheffield | United Kingdom | 40.6 (2020) [106] [39] | 1,570,000 (2020) [12] |
Shenyang | China | 95.276 (2020) [25] | 8,000,000 (2020) [12] |
Sherbrooke | Canada | 7.02 (2020) [7] | 224,456 (2020) [8] |
Sherman-Denison, TX MSA | United States | 6.331 (2022) [13] | 143,131 (2022) [14] |
Shijiazhuang | China | 81.252 (2018) [363] | 11,235,086 (2020) [365] |
Shizuishan | China | 7.853 (2020) [25] [366] | 751,389 (2020) [367] |
Shizuoka | Japan | 45.8 (2010) [170] [219] | 3,765,007 (2010) [368] |
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA MSA | United States | 27.363 (2022) [13] | 385,154 (2022) [14] |
Shuozhou | China | 15.955 (2020) [25] [369] | 1,593,444 (2020) [370] |
Siegen | Germany | 16.336 (2020) [2] | 101,516 (2021) [371] |
Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ MSA | United States | 5.698 (2022) [13] | 125,663 (2022) [14] |
Singapore | Singapore | 525.228 (2024) [183] | 5,938,000 (2024) [183] |
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD MSA | United States | 10.918 (2022) [13] | 149,240 (2022) [14] |
Sioux Falls, SD MSA | United States | 27.770 (2022) [13] | 289,592 (2022) [14] |
Sofia metropolitan area | Bulgaria | 33.042 (2020) [2] | 1,300,000 (2020) [12] |
Sorocaba | Brazil | 21.313 (2011) [30] | 779,704 (2010) [372] |
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI MSA | United States | 19.042 (2022) [13] | 323,637 (2022) [14] |
Spartanburg, SC MSA | United States | 19.485 (2022) [13] | 345,831 (2022) [14] |
Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA MSA | United States | 35.689 (2022) [13] | 597,919 (2022) [14] |
Springfield, IL MSA | United States | 13.952 (2022) [13] | 206,655 (2022) [14] |
Springfield, MA MSA | United States | 40.110 (2022) [13] | 694,523 (2022) [14] |
Springfield, MO MSA | United States | 26.687 (2022) [13] | 487,061 (2022) [14] |
Springfield, OH MSA | United States | 5.500 (2022) [13] | 134,831 (2022) [14] |
St. Catharines–Niagara Falls | Canada | 12.979 (2020) [7] | 437,080 (2020) [8] |
St. Cloud, MN MSA | United States | 12.943 (2022) [13] | 201,868 (2022) [14] |
St. George, UT MSA | United States | 9.561 (2022) [13] | 197,680 (2022) [14] |
St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador | Canada | 9.628 (2020) [7] | 213,919 (2020) [8] |
St. Joseph, MO-KS MSA | United States | 6.873 (2022) [13] | 119,690 (2022) [14] |
St. Louis, MO-IL MSA | United States | 209.936 (2022) [13] | 2,801,319 (2022) [14] |
State College, PA MSA | United States | 10.325 (2022) [13] | 158,425 (2022) [14] |
Staunton, VA MSA | United States | 6.332 (2022) [13] | 126,776 (2022) [14] |
Stockholm metropolitan area | Sweden | 203.899 (2021) [69] | 2,250,000 (2021) [20] |
Stockton, CA MSA | United States | 40.228 (2022) [13] | 793,229 (2022) [14] |
Strasbourg | France | 49.09 (2021) [2] | 1,150,899 (2021) [373] |
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region | Germany | 294.957 (2020) [56] | 2,400,000 (2020) [12] |
Sumter, SC MSA | United States | 5.801 (2022) [13] | 134,925 (2022) [14] |
Sunshine Coast | Australia | 13.813 (2018–19) [17] | 333,436 (2018) [374] |
Surabaya Metropolitan | Indonesia | 88.821 (2021) [375] | 6,150,000 (2021) [20] |
Surat | India | 59.8 (2017) [376] | 6,600,000 (2020) [12] |
Sydney | Australia | 398.037 (2021) [45] | 5,400,000 (2021) [20] |
Syracuse, NY MSA | United States | 49.281 (2022) [13] | 653,633 (2022) [14] |
Szczecin metropolitan area | Poland | 13.822 (2020) [377] | 750,000 (2020) |
Taichung | Taiwan | 63.910 (2016) [378] | 3,033,840 (2020) [379] |
Tainan | Taiwan | 37.038 (2016) [380] | 1,875,076 (2020) [381] |
Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area | Taiwan | 407.838 (2021) [45] | 9,150,000 (2021) [20] |
Taiyuan | China | 60.215 (2020) [25] [382] | 4,125,000 (2020) [12] |
Taizhou, Jiangsu | China | 77.015 (2020) [25] [186] | 4,512,762 (2020) [383] |
Taizhou, Zhejiang | China | 76.300 (2020) [25] [331] | 6,622,888 (2020) [332] |
Tallahassee, FL MSA | United States | 22.394 (2022) [13] | 390,992 (2022) [14] |
Tallinn metropolitan area | Estonia | 22.797 (2022) [384] [39] | 638,076 (2023) [385] |
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA | United States | 219.414 (2022) [13] | 3,290,730 (2022) [14] |
Tampere | Finland | 23.987 (2020) [2] | 241,009 (2020) [386] |
Tangshan | China | 132 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 2,600,000 (2022) [24] |
Taoyuan | Taiwan | 52.010 (2016) [387] | 2,254,363 (2020) [185] |
Taranto metropolitan area | Italy | 11.518 (2020) [2] | 555,999 (2023) [388] |
Tbilisi | Georgia | 8.0 (2017) [389] | 1,184,818 (2020) [390] |
Tel Aviv metropolitan area | Israel | 310.00 (2022) [391] [392] | 2,775,000 (2022) [24] |
Terre Haute, IN MSA | United States | 9.774 (2022) [13] | 184,875 (2022) [14] |
Texarkana, TX-AR MSA | United States | 6.746 (2022) [13] | 146,408 (2022) [14] |
The Hague | Netherlands | 60.105 (2020) [2] | 1,116,798 (2020) [59] |
The Villages, FL MSA | United States | 5.785 (2022) [13] | 144,970 (2022) [14] |
Thessaloniki | Greece | 16.452 (2020) [2] | 1,104,023 (2020) [393] |
Thunder Bay | Canada | 4.658 (2020) [7] | 126,502 (2020) [8] |
Tilburg | Netherlands | 21.869 (2020) [2] | 221,947 (2021) [394] |
Timișoara metropolitan area | Romania | 11.526 (2020) [2] | 430,071 (2021) [395] |
Tokelau | Tokelau | 0.009 (2015–16) [396] | 1,499 (2016) [397] |
Toledo, OH MSA | United States | 45.846 (2022) [13] | 640,384 (2022) [14] |
Toowoomba | Australia | 7.118 (2018–19) [17] | 136,861 (2018) [340] |
Topeka, KS MSA | United States | 14.388 (2022) [13] | 231,783 (2022) [14] |
Toulouse Métropole | France | 65.456 (2020) [2] | 1,040,000 (2020) [12] |
Tours Métropole Val de Loire | France | 23.795 (2021) [2] | 392,030 (2021) [398] |
Townsville | Australia | 9.075 (2018–19) [17] | 180,820 (2018) [399] |
Trenton-Princeton, NJ MSA | United States | 49.620 (2022) [13] | 380,688 (2022) [14] |
Trois-Rivières | Canada | 5.134 (2020) [7] | 163,374 (2020) [8] |
Tucson, AZ MSA | United States | 55.800 (2022) [13] | 1,057,597 (2022) [14] |
Tulsa, OK MSA | United States | 61.966 (2022) [13] | 1,034,123 (2022) [14] |
Turin metropolitan area | Italy | 78.268 (2020) [2] | 1,640,000 (2020) [12] |
Turku metropolitan area | Finland | 21.939 (2020) [2] | 346,662 (2020) |
Tuscaloosa, AL MSA | United States | 13.818 (2022) [13] | 277,494 (2022) [14] |
Twin Falls, Idaho | United States | 5.878 (2021) [13] | 116,645 (2021) [400] |
Tyler, TX MSA | United States | 14.729 (2022) [13] | 241,922 (2022) [14] |
Uberlandia | Brazil | 14.728 (2011) [30] | 604,013 (2010) [401] |
Ulm | Germany | 26.464 (2020) [2] | 126,949 (2021) [402] |
Uppsala | Sweden | 19.237 (2020) [2] | 388,394 (2020) [403] |
Urban Honolulu, HI MSA | United States | 74.422 (2022) [13] | 995,638 (2022) [14] |
Ürümqi | China | 48.385 (2020) [25] [86] | 4,050,000 (2020) [12] |
Utica-Rome, NY MSA | United States | 15.115 (2022) [13] | 288,668 (2022) [14] |
Utrecht | Netherlands | 88.005 (2020) [2] | 1,356,430 (2020) [404] |
Valdosta, GA MSA | United States | 7.132 (2022) [13] | 149,849 (2022) [14] |
Valencia metropolitan area | Spain | 64.435 (2020) [2] | 2,000,000 (2020) [12] |
Valladolid | Spain | 15.309 (2020) [2] | 371,861 (2020) [405] |
Vallejo, CA MSA | United States | 35.408 (2022) [13] | 448,747 (2022) [14] |
Valletta | Malta | 17.72 (2021) [2] | 480,134 (2020) [406] |
Verona metropolitan area | Italy | 34.169 (2020) [2] | 915,975 (2020) [407] |
Victoria, British Columbia | Canada | 16.789 (2020) [7] | 409,398 (2020) [8] |
Victoria, TX MSA | United States | 5.907 (2022) [13] | 98,196 (2022) [14] |
Vienna | Austria | 165.968 (2022) [2] | 3,004,660 (2020) [2] |
Vigo metropolitan area | Spain | 22.987 (2020) [2] | 321,748 (2020) [408] |
Vilnius urban area | Lithuania | 30.915 (2022) [409] [39] | 868,341 (2022) [410] |
Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ MSA | United States | 7.831 (2022) [13] | 151,356 (2022) [14] |
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA | United States | 116.686 (2022) [13] | 1,806,840 (2022) [14] |
Visalia, CA MSA | United States | 22.794 (2022) [13] | 477,544 (2022) [14] |
Vishakhapatnam | India | 43.5 (2017) [376] | 2,200,000 (2020) [12] |
Vitória | Brazil | 28.357 (2011) [30] | 1,582,418 (2010) [411] |
Vitoria-Gasteiz | Spain | 13.403 (2020) [2] | 253,996 (2020) [412] |
Waco, TX MSA | United States | 16.276 (2022) [13] | 283,885 (2022) [14] |
Wagga Wagga | Australia | 4.392 (2018–19) [17] | 56,442 (2018) [146] |
Walla Walla, WA MSA | United States | 4.134 (2022) [13] | 61,890 (2022) [14] |
Warner Robins, GA MSA | United States | 9.812 (2022) [13] | 198,193 (2022) [14] |
Warsaw metropolitan area | Poland | 135.343 (2022) [69] | 2,375,000 (2022) [24] |
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA | United States | 660.626 (2022) [13] | 6,373,756 (2022) [14] |
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA MSA | United States | 11.824 (2022) [13] | 167,889 (2022) [14] |
Watertown-Fort Drum, NY MSA | United States | 7.598 (2022) [13] | 116,637 (2022) [14] |
Wausau-Weston, WI MSA | United States | 12.065 (2022) [13] | 166,334 (2022) [14] |
Weihai | China | 43.753 (2020) [25] [116] | 1,200,000 (2020) [12] |
Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH MSA | United States | 7.446 (2022) [13] | 114,235 (2022) [14] |
Wellington | New Zealand | 26.607 (2022) [413] | 440,900 (2022) [74] |
Wenatchee, WA MSA | United States | 8.355 (2022) [13] | 124,118 (2022) [14] |
Wenzhou | China | 119.2 (2022) [414] | 5,050,000 (2022) [24] |
Wetzlar | Germany | 9.957 (2020) [2] | 278,200 (2021) [415] |
Wheeling, WV-OH MSA | United States | 12.603 (2022) [13] | 136,708 (2022) [14] |
Wichita Falls, TX MSA | United States | 7.590 (2022) [13] | 149,299 (2022) [14] |
Wichita, KS MSA | United States | 43.935 (2022) [13] | 650,039 (2022) [14] |
Williamsport, PA MSA | United States | 7.040 (2022) [13] | 113,104 (2022) [14] |
Wilmington, NC MSA | United States | 20.127 (2022) [13] | 300,658 (2022) [14] |
Winchester, VA-WV MSA | United States | 9.181 (2022) [13] | 146,455 (2022) [14] |
Windsor, Ontario | Canada | 12.243 (2020) [7] | 353,572 (2020) [8] |
Winnipeg Metropolitan Region | Canada | 33.557 (2020) [7] | 850,558 (2020) [8] |
Winston-Salem, NC MSA | United States | 40.940 (2022) [13] | 688,471 (2022) [14] |
Wollongong | Australia | 5.624 (2018–19) [17] | 300,332 (2018–19) [416] |
Worcester, MA-CT MSA | United States | 60.343 (2022) [13] | 980,137 (2022) [14] |
Wrocław metropolitan area | Poland | 17.387 (2020) [2] | 672,929 (2021) [417] |
Wuhai | China | 8.165 (2020) [25] [26] | 556,621 (2020) [27] |
Wuhan | China | 281.000 (2022) [95] | 10,800,000 (2022) [24] |
Wuhu | China | 54.412 (2020) [25] | 1,480,000 (2020) [12] |
Xi'an | China | 171 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 11,600,000 (2022) [24] |
Xiamen | China | 92.557 (2020) [25] [242] | 10,000,000 (2020) [12] |
Xiangtan | China | 33.971 (2020) [25] | 1,400,000 (2020) [12] |
Xiangyang | China | 66.720 (2020) [25] [123] | 1,880,000 (2020) [12] |
Xilingol League | China | 12.176 (2020) [25] [26] | 1,107,075 (2020) [27] |
Xinyu | China | 14.517 (2020) [25] [202] | 1,202,499 (2020) [203] |
Xuchang | China | 50.008 (2020) [25] | 4,379,998 (2020) [418] |
Xuzhou | China | 126 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 3,050,000 (2022) [24] |
Yakima, WA MSA | United States | 13.038 (2022) [13] | 257,001 (2022) [14] |
Yan'an | China | 23.219 (2020) [25] | 2,282,581 (2020) [419] |
Yancheng | China | 86.314 (2020) [25] [186] | 1,420,000 (2020) [12] |
Yangzhou | China | 87.690 (2020) [25] [186] | 1,950,000 (2020) [12] |
Yantai | China | 142 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 2,450,000 (2022) [24] |
Yerevan | Armenia | 5.23 (2018) [420] | 1,500,000 (2020) [12] |
Yichang | China | 61.783 (2020) [25] [123] | 1,380,000 (2020) [12] |
Yingtan | China | 14.290 (2020) [25] [202] | 1,154,223 (2020) [203] |
York-Hanover, PA MSA | United States | 25.187 (2022) [13] | 461,058 (2022) [14] |
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA MSA | United States | 24.990 (2022) [13] | 535,499 (2022) [14] |
Yuba City, CA MSA | United States | 8.608 (2022) [13] | 182,813 (2022) [14] |
Yueyang | China | 58.015 (2020) [25] | 1,150,000 (2020) [12] |
Yulin, Shaanxi | China | 59.293 (2020) [25] | 3,624,750 (2020) [421] |
Yuma, AZ MSA | United States | 9.883 (2022) [13] | 207,842 (2022) [14] |
Yuxi | China | 29.840 (2020) [25] [221] | 2,249,502 (2020) [422] |
Zagreb metropolitan area | Croatia | 29.63 (2021) [2] | 1,189,279 (2021) [423] |
Zaragoza metropolitan area | Spain | 29.702 (2020) [2] | 681,877 (2020) [424] |
Zhangzhou | China | 65.903 (2020) [25] [242] | 5,054,328 (2020) [243] |
Zhengzhou | China | 192 (2022) [88] [89] [90] | 8,950,000 (2022) [24] |
Zhenjiang | China | 61.182 (2020) [25] [186] | 1,150,000 (2020) [12] |
Zhuzhou | China | 45.029 (2020) [25] | 1,330,000 (2020) [12] |
Zibo | China | 53.260 (2020) [25] [116] | 3,525,000 (2020) [12] |
Zürich Metropolitan Area | Switzerland | 158.913 (2020) [136] | 1,430,000 (2020) [12] |
Zwolle | Netherlands | 17.936 (2020) [2] | 129,840 (2021) [425] |
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