Twin cities

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High-rise buildings in Minneapolis's Cedar-Riverside neighborhood, with the Downtown Saint Paul skyline visible in the background ten miles away. Minneapolis' city limits border those of Saint Paul, the capital of Minnesota. This gave birth to the nickname of the region, the "Twin Cities" metropolitan area. Cedar-Riverside and Saint Paul skyline seen from the Foshay Tower observation deck, May 2018.jpg
High-rise buildings in Minneapolis's Cedar-Riverside neighborhood, with the Downtown Saint Paul skyline visible in the background ten miles away. Minneapolis' city limits border those of Saint Paul, the capital of Minnesota. This gave birth to the nickname of the region, the "Twin Cities" metropolitan area.
A view of the town of Tornio (Finland), which forms a twin city with Haparanda (Sweden) View from Suensaari water tower Tornio 20150806 04.JPG
A view of the town of Tornio (Finland), which forms a twin city with Haparanda (Sweden)

There are no formal criteria, but twin cities are generally comparable in status and size, though not necessarily equal; a city and a substantially smaller suburb would not typically qualify, even if they were once separate. Tri-cities and quad cities are similar groups of three or four municipalities.

Contents

A common – but not universal – scenario is two cities that developed concurrently on opposite sides of a river. For example, Minneapolis and Saint Paul in Minnesota – one of the most widely known pairs of "Twin Cities" – were founded several miles apart on opposite sides of the Mississippi River, and competed for prominence as they grew.

In some cases, twin cities are separated by a state border, such as Albury (New South Wales) and Wodonga (Victoria) in Australia, on opposite sides of the Murray River. In Pakistan, Islamabad and Rawalpindi are twin cities located in northwestern Punjab region: Islamabad is administratively being part of the Islamabad Capital Territory, and Rawalpindi is in the province of Punjab. Cities on opposite sides of international borders sometimes share enough cultural and historical identity to be seen as twins, such as Haparanda (Sweden) and Tornio (Finland), Leticia (Colombia) and Tabatinga (Brazil), or Valga (Estonia) and Valka (Latvia).

In some cases twin cities eventually merge into a single legal municipality, such as Buda and Pest merging in 1873 into Budapest, Hungary; Brooklyn and New York City being consolidated in 1898; and the three ancient cities of Hankou, Hanyang, and Wuchang joining in 1927 into Wuhan.

As a single urban area, twin cities may share an airport whose airport codes include both cities' initials, e.g. DFW (Dallas–Fort Worth), LBA (Leeds Bradford), MSP (Minneapolis–Saint Paul), RDU (Raleigh and Durham), and CAK (AkronCanton).

Twin cities

Cross-border example of twin cities: Plaza Internacional of the Frontera de la Paz. On the left, Santana do Livramento (Brazil); on the right, Rivera (Uruguay). Obelisco - Plaza Internacional - Frontera de la Paz - Livramento - Rivera.jpeg
Cross-border example of twin cities: Plaza Internacional of the Frontera de la Paz . On the left, Santana do Livramento (Brazil); on the right, Rivera (Uruguay).

List of International border towns and cities

Africa

Border townsCountries
Kinshasa and Brazzaville Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo / Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Republic of the Congo
Goma and Gisenyi Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo / Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda
Kousséri and N’Djamena Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon / Flag of Chad.svg Chad
Aflao and Lomé Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana / Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo
Victoria Falls and Livingstone Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe / Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia

Asia

Border townsCountries
Astara and Astara Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan / Flag of Iran.svg Iran
Erenhot and Zamyn-Üüd Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China / Flag of Mongolia.svg Mongolia
Dandong and Sinuiju Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China / Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea
Changbai and Hyesan
Ji'an and Manpo
Manzhouli and Zabaykalsk Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China / Flag of Russia.svg Russia
Heihe and Blagoveshchensk
Dongxing and Mong Cai Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China / Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam
Hekou and Lao Cai
Johor Bahru and Singapore [1] Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia / Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore
Vientiane and Nong Khai Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand / Flag of Laos.svg Laos
Dansavan and Lao Bao Flag of Laos.svg Laos / Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam
Al Ain and Al Buraimi Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates / Flag of Oman.svg Oman
Agartala and Akhaura Flag of India.svg India / Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh
Eilat and Aqaba Flag of Israel.svg Israel / Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan
Jincheng and Xiamen Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan / Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China

Europe

Border townsCountries
Vienna and Bratislava [Europe 1] Flag of Austria.svg Austria / Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia
Bad Radkersburg and Gornja Radgona Flag of Austria.svg Austria / Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia
Comines and Comines Flag of France.svg France / Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium
Mouscron and Tourcoing
Wervik and Wervicq-Sud
Slavonski Brod and Bosanski Brod Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia / Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina
Český Těšín and Cieszyn Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic / Flag of Poland.svg Poland
Copenhagen and Malmö Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark / Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Helsingør and Helsingborg
Valga and Valka Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia / Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia
Narva and Ivangorod Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia / Flag of Russia.svg Russia
Imatra and Svetogorsk Flag of Finland.svg Finland / Flag of Russia.svg Russia
Tornio and Haparanda Flag of Finland.svg Finland / Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Strasbourg and Kehl Flag of France.svg France / Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Hendaye and Irun Flag of Spain.svg Spain / Flag of France.svg France
Frankfurt (Oder) and Słubice Flag of Poland.svg Poland / Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Görlitz and Zgorzelec
Guben and Gubin
Heringsdorf and Świnoujście
Konstanz and Kreuzlingen Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland / Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Laufenburg (Baden) and Laufenburg, Aargau [Europe 2]
Esztergom and Štúrovo Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary / Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia
Komárno and Komárom
Strabane and Lifford Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland / Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Gorizia and Nova Gorica Flag of Italy.svg Italy / Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia
Rome and Vatican City [Europe 3] Flag of Italy.svg Italy / Flag of Vatican City (2023-present).svg Vatican
Kerkrade and Herzogenrath Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands / Flag of Germany.svg Germany
La Línea de la Concepción and Gibraltar Flag of Spain.svg Spain / Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Basel, Weil am Rhein and Saint Louis Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg  Switzerland / Flag of Germany.svg Germany / Flag of France.svg France
Tui and Valença Flag of Spain.svg Spain / Portugal
Aubange, Longwy and Pétange Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium / Flag of France.svg France / Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg
Notes
  1. This is an example of capital cities of neighboring nations being twin cities of one another.
  2. Separated by the Rhine River (used to be one city until 1801/1802).
  3. Vatican City is the only sovereign state surrounded entirely by a single city, Rome. The Vatican is an area in Rome. It was part of Italy until 1929, when Pope Pius XI and Benito Mussolini signed the Lateran Treaty.

North America

Border townsBordering countries
Niagara Falls, Ontario and Niagara Falls, New York Flag of the United States.svg United States / Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario and Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
Stanstead, Quebec and Derby Line, Vermont
North Portal, Saskatchewan and Portal, North Dakota
Tecate, Baja California and Tecate, California Flag of the United States.svg United States / Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
Boquillas del Carmen, Coahuila and Boquillas, Texas
Naco, Sonora and Naco, Arizona
Nogales, Sonora and Nogales, Arizona
San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora and San Luis, Arizona
Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas and Laredo, Texas
Nuevo Progreso, Río Bravo, Tamaulipas and Progreso, Texas
Calexico, California and Mexicali, Baja California (Calexico–Mexicali)
Ciudad Hidalgo, Chiapas and Ayutla, San Marcos Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico / Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala
Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario (Detroit–Windsor)Flag of the United States.svg United States / Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
International Falls, Minnesota and Fort Frances, Ontario
Douglas, Arizona and Agua Prieta, Sonora Flag of the United States.svg United States / Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico
Yuma, Arizona and San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora
San Diego, California and Tijuana, Baja California see San Diego–Tijuana
Brownsville, Texas and Matamoros, Tamaulipas see Brownsville–Matamoros
Del Rio, Texas and Ciudad Acuña, Coahuila
Eagle Pass, Texas and Piedras Negras, Coahuila
El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua see El Paso–Juárez
Presidio, Texas and Manuel Ojinaga, Chihuahua

South America

Border townCountries
Sant'Ana do Livramento and Rivera Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil / Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay
Chuí and Chuy Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil / Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay
Puerto Iguazú, Foz do Iguaçu, Ciudad del Este, and Presidente Franco Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina / Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil / Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay
Posadas and Encarnación Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina / Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay
Concordia and Salto Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina / Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay
Salvador Mazza and Yacuiba Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina / Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia

List of internal border towns and cities

Africa

Twin townsCountry
Cairo and Giza. [2] Triple cities if counting Shubra El Kheima.Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt
Port Said and Port Fuad
Sekondi-Takoradi Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana
Asaba and Onitsha Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria
Jimeta and Yola
Johannesburg and Pretoria, Gauteng ProvinceFlag of South Africa.svg South Africa

Asia

Twin townsCountry
Dhaka and Narayanganj Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh
Guangzhou and Foshan Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Xi'an and Xianyang
Beijing and Langfang
Wuxi and Suzhou
Chaozhou and Shantou
Haifeng and Lufeng
Hong Kong and Shenzhen [3]
Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar, Gujarat [4] Flag of India.svg India
Allahabad and Naini, Uttar Pradesh [4]
Bangalore, Karnataka and Hosur, Tamil Nadu
Bishangarh and Jalore, Rajasthan
Chümoukedima and Dimapur, Nagaland
Cuttack and Bhubaneswar, Odisha [5]
Durg and Bhilai, Chhattisgarh [5]
Hubli and Dharwad, Karnataka [5]
Mysore and Srirangapatna, Karnataka
Kankroli and Rajsamand, Rajasthan [5]
Kochi and Ernakulam, Kerala [5] [6]
Coimbatore and Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu
Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal [5]
Mumbai and Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra [5]
Kalyan and Dombivli, Maharashtra [4]
Mira and Bhayandar, Maharashtra [5]
Vasai and Virar, Maharashtra [5]
Ambarnath and Badlapur, Maharashtra [5]
Pimpri and Chinchwad, Maharashtra [5]
Sangli and Miraj, Maharashtra
Munger and Jamalpur, Bihar [5]
Noida and Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh [5]
Pondicherry and Cuddalore
Ranchi and Hatia, Jharkhand [5]
Surat and Navsari, Gujarat
Sumerpur and Sheoganj, Rajasthan
Thrissur and Guruvayur, Kerala [5]
Vijayawada and Guntur, Andhra Pradesh [5]
Bangarpet and Kolar Gold Fields, Karnataka
Harihar and Davangere, Karnataka
Shivamoga and Bhadravati, Karnataka
Attur and Narasingapuram, Tamil Nadu
Bhavani and Komarapalayam, Tamil Nadu
Dharmapuri and Nallampalli, Tamil Nadu
Erode and Pallipalayam, Tamil Nadu
Namakkal and Karur, Tamil Nadu
Tiruchirappalli and Srirangam, Tamil Nadu
Tirunelveli and Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu [5]
Hyderabad and Secunderabad, Telangana
Asansol and Durgapur, West Bengal
Barrackpore and Barasat, West Bengal
Coochbehar and Alipurduar, West Bengal
Jalpaiguri and Mainaguri, West Bengal
Siliguri and Jalpaiguri, West Bengal
Berhampore and Murshidabad, West Bengal
Erbil and Mosul Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq
Seleucia and Ctesiphon [n 1]
Ramla and Lod Flag of Israel.svg Israel
Tel Aviv and Jaffa
Aomori and Hakodate Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Kamisu and Kashima [n 2]
Kitakyushu and Shimonoseki
Kyoto and Otsu
Maebashi and Takasaki
Nasushiobara and Otawara [n 3]
Okayama and Kurashiki [n 4]
Osaka and Sakai [n 5]
Sanjo and Tsubame
Toyohashi and Toyokawa
Tsukuba and Tsuchiura [n 6]
Yokkaichi and Suzuka
Karagandy and Temirtau Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan
Beirut and Jounieh, LebanonFlag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon
Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya,Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia
Bharatpur and Gaindakot Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal
Butwal and Tilottama
Nepalgunj and Kohalpur
Rason and Chongjin Flag of North Korea.svg North Korea
Jhelum and Sarai Alamgir Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan
Peshawar and Mardan
Rawalpindi and Islamabad
Ramallah and al-Bireh Flag of Palestine.svg Palestine
Baguio and La Trinidad Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines
Bantay and Vigan
Bayombong and Solano
Dagupan and Lingayen
Daraga and Legazpi
Dipolog and Dapitan
Laoag and San Nicolas
Lemery and Taal
Palo and Tacloban
Santo Tomas and Batangas
Dammam and Khobar Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia
Seoul and Incheon, South KoreaFlag of South Korea.svg South Korea
Busan and Ulsan, South Korea
Sejong City and Daejeon, South Korea
Yangyang and Sokcho, South Korea
Taipei and New Taipei, TaiwanFlag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan
Kaohsiung and Tainan, Taiwan
Zhubei and Hsinchu, Taiwan
Bangkok and Nonthaburi, ThailandFlag of Thailand.svg Thailand
Chiang Mai and Lamphun, Thailand
Songkhla and Hatyai, Thailand
Ho Chi Minh City and Binh Duong Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam
Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm
Historic
Twin townsCountry
Victoria and Kowloon, colonial Hong Kong although, in both colonial Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Victoria is the only city recognised by law; they were widely considered to be separate cities until at least the mid-1970s. [7] Flag of Hong Kong (1959-1997).svg British Hong Kong
Wuhan (merger of Wuchang, Hankou, Hanyang)Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Chirala-Perala Flag of India.svg India
Bangalore Cantonment and Bengaluru Pete along with their suburbs merged to form modern Bangalore
Fukuoka (merger of east side of Naka river, Hakata, and the west side, Fukuoka)Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Ise (merger of Uji, Yamada)
Joetsu (merger of Takada, Naoetsu)
Naha and Shuri, Okinawa, once separate cities. Shuri became integrated as a district of Naha.
Zhongli and Taoyuan, merged into Taoyuan City.Flag of the Republic of China.svg Taiwan
Saigon and Cholon, merged into Saigon-Cholon, now Ho Chi Minh City.Flag of South Vietnam.svg South Vietnam

Europe

Twin townsCountry
Nørresundby and Aalborg Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark
Kotka and Hamina Flag of Finland.svg Finland
Frejus and Saint-Raphaël Flag of France.svg France
Lyon and Villeurbanne
Frankfurt and Offenbach Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Ludwigshafen and Mannheim
Mainz and Wiesbaden
Mönchengladbach and Rheydt
Nuremberg and Fuerth
Sindelfingen and Böblingen
Ulm and Neu-Ulm
Villingen-Schwenningen
Ballybofey and Stranorlar, in County Donegal, Ireland are often called the Twin Towns and form the built up area of Ballybofey and Stranorlar Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland
Fredrikstad and Sarpsborg Flag of Norway.svg Norway
Porsgrunn and Skien. Together with Tollnes, Gulset and Åfoss they form the Grenland urban area.
Sandnes and Stavanger
Bydgoszcz and Toruń Flag of Poland.svg Poland
Kalisz and Ostrów Wielkopolski
Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal
Póvoa de Varzim and Vila do Conde
Novi Sad and Petrovaradin,Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia
Temerin and Bački Jarak
Zemun and New Belgrade
Alcobendas and San Sebastián de los Reyes Flag of Spain.svg Spain
Aldaia and Alaquàs
Coslada and San Fernando de Henares
Elda and Petrer
Llombai and Catadau
Santa Cruz de Tenerife and San Cristóbal de la Laguna
Jönköping and Huskvarna,Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Donetsk and Makiivka Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine
Kramatorsk and Sloviansk
Sievierodonetsk and Lysychansk
Pokrovsk and Myrnohrad
Brighton and Hove Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Chatham and Rochester [8]
Leeds and Bradford
Manchester and Salford
Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead
Liverpool and Birkenhead
Warwick and Leamington Spa
Historic
Twin townsCountry
Knokke and Heist-aan-Zee. United into Knokke-Heist Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium
Gradec and Kaptol. United into Zagreb Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia
Frýdek and Místek. United into Frýdek-Místek Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic
Barmen and Elberfeld. United into Wuppertal.Flag of Germany.svg Germany
Kouvola and Kuusankoski. United into Kouvola.Flag of Finland.svg Finland
Äänekoski and Suolahti. United into Äänekoski.
West Berlin, West Germany and East Berlin. United into Berlin.Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany
Buda and Pest. United into Budapest.Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary
Bielsko and Biała. United into Bielsko-Biała.Flag of Poland.svg Poland
Skanör and Falsterbo. United into Skanör med Falsterbo.Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
City of London and City of Westminster. Absorbed into London.Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
Berwick-upon-Tweed and Tweedmouth, until the former was taken by England from Scotland.

North America

Twin townsCountry
Halifax and Dartmouth, Nova Scotia [n 7] Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Kitchener and Waterloo, Ontario
Battleford and North Battleford, Saskatchewan "The Battlefords" [n 8]
Toronto and Mississauga, Ontario
Ottawa, Ontario and Gatineau, Quebec
Phenix City, Alabama and Columbus, Georgia Flag of the United States.svg United States
Lookout Mountain, Georgia and Lookout Mountain, Tennessee
Texarkana, Arkansas and Texarkana, Texas [n 9]
San Bernardino and Riverside, California
Fort Collins and Loveland, Colorado
Hartford and New Britain, Connecticut
Fort Myers and Cape Coral, Florida
Fort Lauderdale and Miami, Florida
St. Petersburg and Tampa, Florida [n 10]
Augusta, Georgia and North Augusta, South Carolina
Boulder and Longmont, Colorado
Champaign and Urbana, Illinois [n 11]
Bloomington and Normal, Illinois
Lafayette and West Lafayette, Indiana
South Bend and Mishawaka, Indiana
Waterloo and Cedar Falls, Iowa
Bangor and Brewer, Maine
Lewiston and Auburn, Maine [n 12]
Benton Harbor and St. Joseph, Michigan
Montague and Whitehall, Michigan
Houghton and Hancock, Michigan
Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin [n 13]
Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota [n 14]
Natchez, Mississippi and Vidalia, Louisiana [n 15]
Crystal City and Festus, Missouri
New York, New York and Jersey City, New Jersey
Raleigh and Durham, North Carolina
Winston-Salem and Greensboro, North Carolina
Piscataway and New Brunswick, New Jersey
Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota [n 16]
Grand Forks, North Dakota and East Grand Forks, Minnesota
Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky
Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington
Delmar, Maryland and Delmar, Delaware
Scranton and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania [n 17]
Allentown and Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Greenville and Spartanburg, South Carolina [n 18]
Bristol, Tennessee and Bristol, Virginia
Memphis, Tennessee and West Memphis, Arkansas
Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas [n 19]
Midland and Odessa, Texas [n 20]
Bluefield, Virginia and Bluefield, West Virginia
Neenah and Menasha, Wisconsin
Marinette, Wisconsin, and Menominee, Michigan
Seattle and Tacoma, Washington
Wahpeton, North Dakota and Breckenridge, Minnesota
Christiansted and Frederiksted, United States Virgin Islands [n 21] Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg United States Virgin Islands
Historic
Twin cityCountry
Lloydminster, Alberta/Saskatchewan Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
Thunder Bay, Ontario [n 22]
Saginaw and East Saginaw, Michigan [n 23] Flag of the United States.svg United States
Stanwood and East Stanwood, Washington [n 24] Flag of the United States.svg United States
Brooklyn and New York City, New York [n 25] Flag of the United States.svg United States

South America

Twin citiesCountry
Carmen de Patagones and Viedma Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina
Paraná and Santa Fe
Corrientes and Resistencia
Americana and Santa Bárbara d'Oeste Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil
Juazeiro and Petrolina
Olinda and Recife
Vila Velha and Vitória
Ponta Porã and Mato Grosso do Sul
Concepción and Talcahuano Flag of Chile.svg Chile
Coquimbo and La Serena
Valparaiso and Viña del Mar
Pedro Juan Caballero and Amambay Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay
Callao and Lima Flag of Peru.svg Peru
Acarigua and Araure Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela
Guarenas and Guatire

Oceania

Twin cityCountry
Albury and Wodonga Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
Canberra and Queanbeyan
Darwin and Palmerston
Echuca and Moama
Forster and Tuncurry
Gold Coast and Tweed Heads
Harden and Murrumburrah
Kalgoorlie and Boulder
Perth and Fremantle
Townsville and Thuringowa
Napier and Hastings Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand
Lower Hutt and Upper Hutt

Tri-cities

Border townsBordering countries
Brisbane; Gold Coast; and Sunshine Coast, Queensland— see South East Queensland Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia
Sydney; Wollongong; and Newcastle, in the geological region known as the Sydney Basin
The Tri-cities of British Columbia consist of Coquitlam, Port Coquitlam, and Port Moody Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada
The Tri-citites of Kitchener; Waterloo; and Cambridge, Ontario, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the K-W Tri-City Area
Tri-Town, Ontario- Cobalt, Haileybury and New Liskeard
Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, FujianFlag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Wuppertal, Remscheid, Solingen, Rhineland, originally a quad-city until 1929, when Elberfeld and Barmen merged to form WuppertalFlag of Germany.svg Germany
Chandigarh; Mohali; and Panchkula [9] Flag of India.svg India
Vijayawada; Amaravati; and Guntur
Chennai, Avadi and Tambaram
Ranipet, Walajapet and Arcot
Warangal; Hanamkonda; Kazipet — see Warangal Tri-City
Kyoto; Osaka; Kobe - see Keihanshin Flag of Japan.svg Japan
Parit Buntar, Perak; Nibong Tebal, Penang; and Bandar Baharu, Kedah Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia
Guadalajara; Tlaquepaque; Zapopan, JaliscoFlag of Mexico.svg Mexico
Bhaktapur; Kathmandu; and Patan Flag of Nepal.svg   Nepal
Tricity, consisting of the cities of Baglung, Beni and Kushma
Bacolod; Silay; Talisay Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines
Cebu City; Mandaue; and Lapu-Lapu City
Angeles City; Mabalacat; and San Fernando
Gdańsk; Gdynia; and Sopot — see Tricity Flag of Poland.svg Poland
Wejherowo; Rumia; and Reda — see Kashubian Tricity
The Dammam metropolitan area, consisting of Dammam; Dhahran; and Khobar Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg Saudi Arabia
The metropolitan municipalities of Johannesburg, Tshwane (Pretoria) and Ekurhuleni (East Rand), Gauteng ProvinceFlag of South Africa.svg South Africa
Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth), Kariega (Uitenhage) and Despatch in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape Province
East London, Bhisho and Qonce (King William's Town) in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape Province
Khartoum; North Khartoum; and Omdurman Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan
Stockholm; Solna; and Sundbyberg Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden
Trollhättan; Uddevalla; and Vänersborg
The Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area, consisting of Dubai; Sharjah; and Ajman, United Arab EmiratesFlag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates
Burbank; Glendale; and Pasadena, in Los Angeles County, California Flag of the United States.svg United States
Fremont; Newark; and Union City, in Alameda County, California
Oceanside; Vista; and Carlsbad, in San Diego County, California
Riverside; San Bernardino; and Ontario, California, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the Inland Empire
San Jose; San Francisco; and Oakland, California [n 26]
College Park; East Point; and Hapeville, Georgia, all of which are near Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport
Bay City; Saginaw; and Midland, Michigan, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the Greater Tri Cities, the Great Lakes Bay Region or the MBS region
Ferrysburg; Grand Haven; and Spring Lake, Michigan
Iron River, Caspian, and Gaastra, Michigan
Ironwood; Bessemer; and Wakefield, Michigan
Grand Island; Kearney; and Hastings, in south-central Nebraska, also known as Tri-Cities, Nebraska
Rochester; Dover; and Somersworth, New Hampshire
Farmington; Bloomfield; and Aztec, New Mexico
Albany, Troy, and Schenectady, New York, in the region known as the Capital District
Binghamton; Endicott; and Johnson City, New York, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the Triple Cities
New York, New York; Newark; and Jersey City, New Jersey
Greensboro; Winston-Salem; and High Point, North Carolina, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the Piedmont Triad
Raleigh; Durham; and Chapel Hill, North Carolina, the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called the Research Triangle
Tuttle; Newcastle; and Blanchard, Oklahoma, also known as the Tri-City Area
Johnson City; Kingsport; and Bristol, Tennessee/Bristol, Virginia, also known as Tri-Cities, Tennessee
Beaumont; Port Arthur; and Orange, Texas, also known as the Golden Triangle (Texas)
Dallas; Fort Worth; and Arlington, Texas
Petersburg; Colonial Heights; and Hopewell, Virginia, also known as Tri-Cities, Virginia
Pasco; Richland; and Kennewick, Washington, also known as Tri-Cities, Washington
Washington, D.C., Alexandria, Virginia, and Arlington County, Virginia

Quad cities

Border townsBordering countries
Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping, and Enping together formed Siyi area in Jiangmen, Guangdong Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China
Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen and Vantaa in Uusimaa; together form the largest metropolis in the country and its actual capital area.Flag of Finland.svg Finland
Pattaya-Chonburi Metropolitan Area consists of the City of Pattaya, Town of Chonburi, Portal town of Laem Chabang and Town of Sattahip on the west coast of Chonburi Province, ThailandFlag of Thailand.svg Thailand
The West Yorkshire Built-up Area consists of the cities of Leeds, Bradford and Wakefield, and the large town of Huddersfield, United Kingdom.Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom
The Florence-Muscle Shoals Metropolitan Area in Alabama, is locally referred to as "the Quad Cities", with Florence, Muscle Shoals, Sheffield, and Tuscumbia, Alabama. Formerly, when Muscle Shoals was a mere village, this region was known as "Tri-Cities", Alabama. In fact, all except Florence are incorporated as towns.Flag of the United States.svg United States
Quad Cities of Davenport and Bettendorf, Iowa, and Rock Island and Moline, Illinois. It also includes a fifth member, East Moline, Illinois.
Allentown/Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and Easton, Pennsylvania/Phillipsburg, New Jersey; the collective area is often called the Lehigh Valley
The Quad Cities of Minnesota, consist of Virginia, Eveleth, Gilbert, and Mountain Iron.
The cities of Pullman, Washington, Moscow, Idaho, Lewiston, Idaho and Clarkston, Washington, have marketed themselves as "Quad Cities." [10]

More than four cities

Border townsCountry
The Triangle Region, consisting of Billund, Fredericia, Haderslev, Kolding, Middelfart, Vejen and Vejle.Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark
The Ruhr district consisting of Dortmund, Essen, Duisburg, Bochum, Oberhausen, Mülheim, Bottrop, Gelsenkirchen and Herne in its core.Flag of Germany.svg Germany
The cities of New Delhi, Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Faridabad have formed a huge metropolitan area known as National Capital Region (India).Flag of India.svg India
The cities of Mumbai, Thane, Navi Mumbai, Kalyan-Dombivli, Mira-Bhayandar, Vasai-Virar, Panvel, Bhiwandi, Ulhasnagar, Ambarnath and Badlapur have formed a huge Mumbai Metropolitan Region.
The cities of Kuala Lumpur, Petaling Jaya, Subang Jaya, Puchong, Shah Alam, Klang, Port Klang, Putrajaya, Cyberjaya and Kajang have formed a huge metropolitan area (around the size of Singapore) known as Greater Kuala Lumpur.Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia
The cities of Karaganda, Temirtau, Shakhtinsk, Abai, Saran, Topar, Dolinka, Shahan, Kokpekti, and Novodolinsky form an industrial-mining area known since Soviet times as Karbass (Karaganda coal basin).Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan
The cities of Będzin, Bytom, Chorzów, Czeladź, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Gliwice, Jaworzno, Katowice, Knurów, Mikołów, Mysłowice, Piekary Śląskie, Ruda Śląska, Siemianowice Śląskie, Świętochłowice, Sosnowiec, Tychy, Tarnowskie Góry, and Zabrze form the Katowice urban area.Flag of Poland.svg Poland
Illinois and Iowa: The cities of Davenport and Bettendorf in Iowa; Rock Island, Moline and East Moline in Illinois form a metropolitan area known as the Quad Cities.Flag of the United States.svg United States
Michigan and Wisconsin include the 6 cities of Iron Mountain, Kingsford, Quinnesec (in Michigan), Aurora, and Niagara (in Wisconsin). The area is collectively known as the Iron Mountain Area.
Virginia: Norfolk, Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Portsmouth, Suffolk, and Virginia Beach; the cities' collective metropolitan area is often called Hampton Roads

Examples of cities formed by amalgamation

Asia

China
India
Japan
  • Fukuoka in Japan, a city of 1.4 million people, formerly the twin cities of Hakata and Fukuoka until the late 19th century.
  • Kitakyushu in Japan, a city of 900,000 people, created in 1963 by the merger of Yahata, Kokura, Moji, Wakamatsu, and Tobata. Yahata and Kokura had formerly been major cities in their own right.
  • Saitama in Japan, a city of 1.2 million people, created in 2001 by the merger of the cities of Urawa, Omiya, Yono, and later Iwatsuki. Urawa and Omiya could formerly have been considered twin cities.
Pakistan
  • Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan, has been expanded to include smaller towns including Rawat in its territory.
  • Lahore, the second largest city of Pakistan, has, as of 2013, grown out so much that small towns by this giant city, such as Shahdara, have been absorbed in its city limits.
Taiwan
  • The former cities of Taoyuan and Zhongli, Taiwan, which merged along with the entire county in 2014 to form a single municipality city of Taoyuan, the two cities sit directly next to each other and shares almost the same population.
Thailand
  • Bangkok, the capital and largest city of Thailand, was created in 1971, when the previous Bangkok province (Phra Nakhon) was merged with Thonburi province.
Vietnam
  • The cities of Saigon and Cholon merged in 1931 to form a single city named Saigon-Cholon; in 1956, the name Cholon was dropped and the city became known as Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City).
  • The city of Hà Đông, capital of Hà Tây Province was merged into Hà Nội upon the latter's amalgamation into Hà Nội in August 2008. Since then, Hà Đông became an urban district (quận) of Hà Nội.

Europe

Germany
Greece
  • Athens incorporated dozens of villages and towns and absorbed whole of Athens basin and parts outside of it, notably Piraeus.
Hungary
The Netherlands
Spain
United Kingdom

North America

Canada
United States
  • Helena–West Helena, Arkansas was formed in 2006 by the merger of the previous cities of Helena and West Helena.
  • Fremont, California was formed in 1956 by the combination of the five towns of Centerville, Irvington, Niles, Mission San Jose, and Warm Springs, California. The town of Newark has always refused to merge into Fremont, and Newark is completely surrounded by Fremont.
  • Boston, Massachusetts is made up of the former towns of Boston, Dorchester, Brighton, Roxbury, Charlestown, and Hyde Park.
  • Iron River, Michigan absorbed the nearby city of Stambaugh and village of Mineral Hills in July 2000.
  • Minneapolis, Minnesota. St. Anthony (not to be confused with St. Anthony Village, a modern city which is a suburb) was a twin city to Minneapolis in the two cities' youth. Minneapolis annexed St. Anthony in the late 1800s.
  • Park Hills, Missouri was formed in 1994 by a four-way municipal merger involving the cities of Flat River, Elvins, and Esther, plus the village of Rivermines.
  • Jersey City, New Jersey, was incorporated in 1820, and slowly grew by annexing surrounding municipalities: Van Vorst Twp. (1851), Bergen City (1869), Hudson City (1869), Bergen Twp. (1869) and finally Greenville Twp. (1873).
  • New York City, New York (five boroughs, historically especially between Manhattan and Brooklyn)
  • What is now the city of Winston-Salem, North Carolina was once two separate towns called Winston and Salem that were combined into one. [n 27]
  • Cleveland (Cleveland and Ohio City) in Ohio
  • Lincoln City, Oregon was formed in 1965 by merging the extant seaside towns of Oceanlake, Delake, and Taft, with the adjoining unincorporated areas of Nelscott and Cutler City.
  • Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, which absorbed the cities of South Bethlehem, and West Bethlehem. The former Bethlehem and South Bethlehem are situated in Northampton County, and West Bethlehem is in Lehigh County. As a result, present-day Bethlehem straddles the county line.
  • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, annexed Allegheny City, which is now the quarter of the city that lies north of the Allegheny and Ohio rivers. Also annexed was Birmingham, now referred to as the "South Side".
  • Richmond (Richmond and Manchester) in central Virginia
  • Bellingham, Washington was formed from four cities, Fairhaven, Sehome, Bellingham and Whatcom.

Fictional twin cities

See also

Notes

  1. Formed historic Al-Mada'in.
  2. Co-centers of a shared micropolitan area.
  3. Co-centers of a shared micropolitan area.
  4. Kurashiki is somewhat more of a suburb
  5. Co-centers of a shared major metropolitan area. See Keihanshin
  6. Co-centers of a shared major metropolitan area.
  7. Main cities of Metropolitan Halifax, they are geographically separated by Halifax Harbour
  8. Separated by the North Saskatchewan River. While the communities are commonly referred to by the collective "The Battlefords," they retain distinctive identities.
  9. The cities meet at the border between Texas and Arkansas, and their name is a portmanteau of those states' names as well as that of Louisiana, whose border lies approximately 25 miles to the south. See Texarkana metropolitan area and Ark-La-Tex.
  10. Main cities of the Tampa Bay Area.
  11. Champaign was originally known as West Urbana but has since outgrown its neighbor. See Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area.
  12. Also called the Twin Cities or L–A. See Lewiston–Auburn
  13. Nicknamed the Twin Ports, these form the world's largest freshwater port.
  14. Also known as the Twin Cities
  15. The cities are connected by two twin cantilever bridges which merge the two cities together as sister cities. The cities meet on the Mississippi and Louisiana state border and along the Mississippi River adjacent to each other. They both share long history together. Natchez, Mississippi is also a historical part of Concordia Parish, Louisiana, to which Vidalia is the seat of Concordia Parish. See Natchez–Vidalia Bridge, Concordia Parish and Adams County, Mississippi.
  16. See Fargo–Moorhead.
  17. The core cities of the Wyoming Valley in northeastern Pennsylvania.
  18. The two largest cities of Upstate South Carolina. Their shared international airport is named after both cities (Greenville–Spartanburg International Airport).
  19. Twin cores of the Metroplex of northern Texas.
  20. Nicknamed the Petroplex in a nod to the DFW region's nickname, as well as its strong reliance on the oil industry.
  21. The island in which these cities inhabit, Saint Croix, is often referred to as “Twin City” even saying so on its Wikipedia page.
  22. Fort William and Port Arthur amalgamated
  23. East Saginaw annexed by Saginaw in 1889.
  24. The two Stanwoods consolidated in 1960.
  25. Prior to their consolidation into a single city in 1898 - as noted in the poem "The New Colossus", which is inscribed on a plaque at the Statue of Liberty.
  26. the principal cities of the San Francisco Bay area.
  27. Nicknamed the Twin City.

References

  1. "Johor Bahru & Singapore: Is the conurbation defining megaregion in the South-East Asia?". Young Academic network. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
  2. "5 Famous Sets of Twin Cities From Around the Globe". Trip Trivia. 2019-10-03. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
  3. "The Chief Executive's 2021 Policy Address - Policy Address".
  4. 1 2 3 "10 Twin Towns and Sister Cities of Indian States". walkthroughindia.com. 26 September 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "10 Twin Towns and Sister Cities of Indian States". walkthroughindia.com. 26 September 2013. Retrieved 9 January 2014.
  6. Weather story from 2006 The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved 2006-12-31
  7. "It's a wise man who knows where Chatham ends and Rochester begins." Charles Dickens
  8. "Tricity residents to get Emaar MGF's Central Plaza soon". The Financial Express . Jan 6, 2014.
  9. "Quad Cities too generic a name for ID, WA cities". The Seattle Times . 28 April 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  10. "Juan Manuel Grijalvo - Madrid - Barrios desaparecidos y actuales - Antiguos municipios independientes".
  11. See e.g. the introduction of The Hogfather q:Terry Pratchett's Hogfather
  12. The Flash (volume 1) #123, DC Comics, September 1961
  13. Starr, Joe (2015-08-05). "Nerd Rabbit Hole: A Guide To Disney's Duck Universe". Pajiba. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  14. "San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge". www.visitcalifornia.com. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  15. Action Comics #451, DC Comics, September 1975
  16. New Adventures of Superboy #22, DC Comics, October 1981
  17. World's Finest Comics #259, DC Comics, October–November 1979
  18. Burroughs, Edgar Rice (1917). A Princess of Mars . A. C. McClurg & Co. pp. 279–80, 305, 313–14.