Lloydminster

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Lloydminster
City
City of Lloydminster
Lloydminster City Hall.jpg
An aerial view of Lloydminster City Hall looking north along the Alberta / Saskatchewan border
Lloydminster flag.png
Flag
Lloydminster Seal.svg
Logo
Nicknames: 
"Border City" or "Canada's Border City", "Heavy Oil Capital of Canada" [1] [2]
Canada Lloydminster City Map - Clean.svg
Boundaries of Lloydminster
Lloydminster Location.png
Location in Alberta and Saskatchewan
Coordinates: 53°16′41″N109°58′49″W / 53.27806°N 109.98028°W / 53.27806; -109.98028 [3]
CountryCanada
Provinces Alberta (AB)
Saskatchewan (SK)
Regions Central Alberta,
West Central Saskatchewan
Census divisions 10 (AB), 17 (SK)
Adjacent municipal district County of Vermilion River
Adjacent rural municipalities RM of Wilton No. 472
RM of Britannia No. 502
Incorporated [4]  
 •  Village (SK) November 25, 1903
 •  Village (AB) July 6, 1906
 •  Town (SK) April 1, 1907
 •  Amalgamation May 22, 1930
 •  City January 1, 1958
Government
[5]
 • MayorGerald Aalbers
 • Governing body
Lloydminster City Council
  • Jason Whiting
  • Lorelee Marin
  • David Lopez
  • Michael Diachuk
  • Jonathan Torresan
  • (one vacancy)
 • City ManagerDion Pollard
 •  MP Shannon Stubbs (C)
Rosemarie Falk (C)
 •  MLA Garth Rowswell (AB, UCP)
Colleen Young (SK, SP)
Area
 (2021) [6] [7]
 • Land42.04 km2 (16.23 sq mi)
Elevation
[8]
645 m (2,116 ft)
Population
 (2021) [6] [7]
 • Total31,582
 – 19,739 (AB)
 – 11,843 (SK)
 • Density751.2/km2 (1,946/sq mi)
 •  Municipal census (2015)
31,377 [9]
 – 19,740 (AB)
 – 11,637 (SK)
Time zone UTC−07:00 (MST)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−06:00 (MDT)
Forward sortation areas
T9V (AB), S9V (SK)
Area code(s) 780, 587, 825, 368 (AB)
306, 639 (SK)
Website lloydminster.ca

Lloydminster is a city in Canada which has the unusual geographic distinction of straddling the provincial border between Alberta [3] and Saskatchewan. [10] [11] The city is incorporated by both provinces as a single city with a single municipal administration.

Contents

Located in the heart of Treaty 6, Lloydminster is the traditional homeland of the Plains Cree, Wood Cree, Dene, Saulteaux and homeland of the Métis. [12]

History

Barr colonists in 1903 BarrColonists.jpg
Barr colonists in 1903

Intended to be an exclusively British utopian settlement centred on the idea of sobriety, Lloydminster was founded in 1903 by the Barr Colonists, who came directly from the United Kingdom. [13] At a time when the area was still part of the North-West Territories, the town was located astride the Fourth Meridian of the Dominion Land Survey. This meridian was intended to coincide with the 110° west longitude, although the imperfect surveying methods of the time led to the surveyed meridian being placed a few hundred metres (yards) west of this longitude. [14]

The town was named for George Lloyd, an Anglican priest who would become Bishop of Saskatchewan in 1922. Lloyd was a strong opponent of non-British immigration to Canada. During a nearly disastrous immigration journey, which was badly planned and conducted, [15] he distinguished himself with the colonists and replaced the Barr Colony's leader and namesake Isaac Montgomery Barr during the colonists' journey to the eventual townsite. [16]

The town developed rapidly: by 1904, there was a telegraph office as well as a log church; in 1905, the Lloydminster Daily Times started publication and the first train arrived on July 28. [17] Its main north–south street, today named Meridian Avenue (or 50th Avenue), along which stores, businesses and the post office began locating, was situated right on the Fourth Meridian, although the actual road right-of-way was located in Saskatchewan.[ citation needed ] To comply with temperance principles, alcohol was not available in Lloydminster for the first few years after its founding.[ citation needed ]

While provincehood of some sort for the prairie territories was seen as inevitable by 1903, it had been widely expected by some, including North-West Territories premier Frederick W. A. G. Haultain, that only one province would eventually be created instead of two. The colonists were not aware of the federal government's deep-rooted opposition to the creation of a single province, largely due to the power such a province would hold rivalling the east, [18] nor plans for a provincial boundary along the Fourth Meridian (110° W).[ citation needed ]

When the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were created in 1905, the Fourth Meridian was selected as the border, bisecting the town right along its main street. [19] Lloydminster residents petitioned for the new border to be revised so as to encompass the entire town within Saskatchewan, without success.[ citation needed ] Lloydminster functioned as two towns with separate municipal administrations until the provincial governments agreed in 1930 to amalgamate the towns into a single town under shared jurisdiction. The provinces, again jointly, reincorporated Lloydminster as a city in 1958. [19]

Commemorating Lloydminster's distinctive bi-provincial status, a monument consisting of four 100-foot survey markers was erected in 1994 near the city's downtown core. [20]

The majority of Lloydminster's population lived on the Saskatchewan side until recent[ when? ] decades; in the 2011 Canadian Census, nearly two-thirds of the city's population lived on the Alberta side. In 2000, the city hall and municipal offices were moved from Saskatchewan to an Alberta location on Meridian Avenue, also known as 50th Avenue, which runs along the Fourth Meridian.[ citation needed ]

Despite its bi-provincial status, Lloydminster was not exempted from anti-smoking legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. Citizens responded by initiating a referendum against the wishes of the mayor, as permitted in the charter, which resulted in the enactment of a citywide anti-smoking bylaw. The matter became moot when Alberta enacted its own anti-smoking legislation, which was the solution that the mayor and council preferred.[ citation needed ]

Geography

The provincial border runs north to south, falling directly on 50th Avenue (Meridian Avenue) in the centre of Lloydminster. Meridian Avenue north of the Yellowhead Highway (also named 44th Street) remains the main downtown street for stores, offices and businesses, with some also located on the intersecting east–west streets. Addresses east of 50th Avenue are considered to be in Lloydminster, Saskatchewan and addresses west of 50th Avenue are considered to be in Lloydminster, Alberta. The city is bordered by the County of Vermilion River, Alberta, on the west, the Rural Municipality (R.M.) of Britannia No. 502, Saskatchewan, on the northeast and the R.M. of Wilton No. 472, Saskatchewan, on the southeast. The majority of the large retail properties serving the city, including larger stores, gas stations and hotels, are located in its Alberta portion, in particular along the Yellowhead Highway west of Meridian Avenue and along the Alberta side of 50th Avenue south of the Yellowhead Highway.

Lloydminster's distinctive situation is reflected in other legal matters, including its time zone. Most of Saskatchewan does not observe daylight saving time, instead staying on Central Standard Time year-round. However, Alberta mandates daylight saving time. Lloydminster's charter allows the city to follow Alberta's use of daylight saving time on both sides of the provincial border in order to keep all clocks within the city in synchronization. This has the effect of placing Lloydminster and the surrounding area in the Mountain Time Zone along with Alberta. During the summer therefore, the entire city is on UTC−06:00—Mountain Daylight Time, which is the same as the rest of Saskatchewan where the time is defined as Central Standard Time. [21] During the winter, Lloydminster is on Mountain Standard Time with the rest of Alberta, which is UTC−07:00, [22] and is therefore one hour behind the time in the rest of Saskatchewan.

The provincial line divides the city in two aspects related to communications. Telephones on the Saskatchewan side are assigned to area codes 306 and 639, the two area codes assigned to that province, while land lines on the Alberta side have numbers in the 780 and 587 area codes, the two area codes assigned to northern Alberta. Similarly, Saskatchewan addresses have a postal code with a forward sortation area designation (first three characters) of "S9V", and addresses in Alberta have postal codes beginning with "T9V". All postal codes in Canada beginning with the letter "S" are assigned to Saskatchewan, and those beginning with "T" belong to Alberta.

Climate

Lloydminster experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb), which approaches a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) due to May and September being only marginally above 10 °C (50 °F). Winters are long, cold and dry, while summers are short, warm and moderately wet. Year-round precipitation is fairly low, with an average of 408 mm (16.06 in), whilst the dry winters restrict snowfall to 98 cm (38.6 in).

The highest temperature ever recorded in Lloydminster was 38.1 °C (100.6 °F) on 12 July 2002. [23] The coldest temperature ever recorded was −50.0 °C (−58.0 °F) on 13 January 1911. [24]

Climate data for Lloydminster Airport, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1904–present [a]
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high humidex 10.48.218.627.134.739.042.538.432.826.516.39.542.5
Record high °C (°F)10.6
(51.1)		12.8
(55.0)		18.6
(65.5)		32.8
(91.0)		36.7
(98.1)		37.8
(100.0)		38.1
(100.6)		37.4
(99.3)		35.0
(95.0)		28.9
(84.0)		19.5
(67.1)		10.0
(50.0)		38.1
(100.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)−9.6
(14.7)		−6.9
(19.6)		−1
(30)		9.9
(49.8)		16.7
(62.1)		20.7
(69.3)		23.1
(73.6)		22.4
(72.3)		16.5
(61.7)		9.1
(48.4)		−2.6
(27.3)		−7.9
(17.8)		7.5
(45.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)−14.3
(6.3)		−11.7
(10.9)		−5.6
(21.9)		4.0
(39.2)		10.1
(50.2)		14.6
(58.3)		17.0
(62.6)		15.9
(60.6)		10.3
(50.5)		3.4
(38.1)		−6.8
(19.8)		−12.5
(9.5)		2.0
(35.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−18.9
(−2.0)		−16.6
(2.1)		−10.3
(13.5)		−2
(28)		3.5
(38.3)		8.5
(47.3)		10.8
(51.4)		9.3
(48.7)		4.0
(39.2)		−2.3
(27.9)		−11
(12)		−17
(1)		−3.5
(25.7)
Record low °C (°F)−50
(−58)		−48.3
(−54.9)		−36.7
(−34.1)		−28.9
(−20.0)		−16.7
(1.9)		−6.7
(19.9)		−3.3
(26.1)		−5
(23)		−13.9
(7.0)		−24
(−11)		−34.4
(−29.9)		−46.7
(−52.1)		−50
(−58)
Record low wind chill −54.6−54.5−49.8−30.3−15.7−4.90.0−6.1−14.7−35.8−50.9−54−54.6
Average precipitation mm (inches)15.8
(0.62)		9.8
(0.39)		14.4
(0.57)		26.3
(1.04)		44.6
(1.76)		70.6
(2.78)		75.3
(2.96)		59.9
(2.36)		42.3
(1.67)		17.8
(0.70)		17.6
(0.69)		14.4
(0.57)		408.8
(16.09)
Average rainfall mm (inches)0.4
(0.02)		0.2
(0.01)		1.6
(0.06)		13.2
(0.52)		40.8
(1.61)		70.6
(2.78)		75.3
(2.96)		59.7
(2.35)		40.5
(1.59)		11.6
(0.46)		2.3
(0.09)		0.5
(0.02)		316.7
(12.47)
Average snowfall cm (inches)17.0
(6.7)		9.8
(3.9)		13.4
(5.3)		13.4
(5.3)		4.2
(1.7)		0.0
(0.0)		0.0
(0.0)		0.1
(0.0)		1.8
(0.7)		6.4
(2.5)		16.7
(6.6)		15.3
(6.0)		98.1
(38.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)9.77.38.07.610.513.212.210.59.07.19.49.8114.2
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)0.70.11.14.89.913.212.210.58.74.91.30.668.0
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)9.47.47.43.91.50.00.00.00.73.08.79.751.7
Average relative humidity (%)74.273.067.448.242.449.653.950.250.054.073.375.959.3
Source: Environment and Climate Change Canada [23] [25] [26] [27] [28]

Demographics

The flags of Saskatchewan and Alberta flanking the flag of Canada in Lloydminster Flags-of-SK-Canada-AB.jpg
The flags of Saskatchewan and Alberta flanking the flag of Canada in Lloydminster
Federal census
population history
YearPop.±%
1906 519—    
1911 663+27.7%
1916788+18.9%
1921755−4.2%
19261,247+65.2%
19311,516+21.6%
19361,420−6.3%
19411,624+14.4%
19461,833+12.9%
19513,938+114.8%
19565,077+28.9%
19615,667+11.6%
19667,071+24.8%
19718,691+22.9%
197610,311+18.6%
198115,031+45.8%
198617,356+15.5%
199117,283−0.4%
1996 18,953+9.7%
2001 20,988+10.7%
2006 24,028+14.5%
2011 27,804+15.7%
2016 31,410+13.0%
2021 31,582+0.5%
Source: Statistics Canada
[29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39]
[40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49] [50] [51]

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Alberta portion of the City of Lloydminster had a population of 19,739 living in 7,636 of its 8,530 total private dwellings, a change of

In the 2016 Census of Population, the Alberta portion of the City of Lloydminster had a population of 19,645 living in 7,444 of its 8,444 total private dwellings, a change of

The City of Lloydminster's 2015 municipal census counted a population of 31,377, [54] a change of −0.3% from its 2013 municipal census population of 31,483. [9] Of the 31,377 residents, 19,740 (

There are substantial demographic differences between the populations on each side of the border, with the population on the Saskatchewan side being substantially younger; the median age on the Saskatchewan side is 26.6, [55] nearly seven years less than the median age of 33.2 on the Alberta side. Even when combining the median ages for both sides of the city, Lloydminster has the youngest median age in all of Canada. [56] [57] Also, the specific age group of 20–24 is much more concentrated on the Saskatchewan side. The two sides of the city have virtually identical numbers of people in that age group (1,220 in Saskatchewan, [55] 1,230 in Alberta [56] ) even though the total population on the Alberta side is nearly twice that of the Saskatchewan side. This situation has been attributed in part to differential car insurance rates for drivers; because Saskatchewan has a public auto insurance system while Alberta relies on conventional private insurance, young drivers with the highest insurance rates can save thousands of dollars by living in Saskatchewan rather than Alberta. [58]

The census agglomeration of Lloydminster includes both parts of the city, as well as the rural municipality of Wilton No. 472, the town of Lashburn, and the village of Marshall, Saskatchewan.

Language

About 94% of residents identified English as their first language. More than 1.4% of the population identified French as their first language, while 0.8% identified German, 0.7% identified Ukrainian, and 0.5% identified Cree as their first language learned. The next most common languages were Chinese and Spanish at about 0.3% each. [59]

Ethnicity

More than 8% of residents identified themselves as aboriginal at the time of the 2006 census. [60]

Panethnic groups in the City of Lloydminster (2001−2021)
Panethnic group2021 [61] [62] 2016 [63] [64] 2011 [65] [66] 2006 [67] [68] 2001 [69] [70]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%Pop.%
European [b] 21,47022,60023,40021,18018,130
Indigenous 4,1353,3202,1001,9802,000
Southeast Asian [c] 3,3702,6351,00585250
South Asian 1,0051,130330120105
African 4005101257035
East Asian [d] 200240150160100
Middle Eastern [e] 150200306060
Latin American 1301601658030
Other/multiracial [f] 105140401020
Total responses30,99030,91527,36523,75520,715
Total population31,58231,41027,80424,02820,988
Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses

Religion

More than 78% of residents identified as Christian at the time of the 2001 census, while over 18% indicated that they had no religious affiliation. For specific denominations Statistics Canada found that 31% of residents identified as Roman Catholic, and 44% Protestants of which, 18% identified with the United Church of Canada, more than 7% identified as Anglican, about 5% identified as Lutheran, almost 3% identified as Pentecostal, about 2% identified as Baptists, and just over 1% of the population identified as Eastern Orthodox. [71]

Economy

Oil and Gas plaque at the Barr Colony Heritage Cultural Centre OilAndGasPlaque.jpg
Oil and Gas plaque at the Barr Colony Heritage Cultural Centre

The local economy is driven primarily by the petroleum industry. Agriculture remains an important economic activity. The Husky Lloydminster Refinery is also located in the community. An issue in business is the sales tax. The only sales tax applicable in Alberta is the federal Goods and Services Tax (GST). Saskatchewan has, in addition to GST, a provincial sales tax (PST). To ensure that business will not float away from the Saskatchewan side in favour of lower prices in Alberta, PST does not apply in the Saskatchewan side of the city [72] with the exception of hotels, vehicle registration and utility services.

Government

Lloydminster is governed by a seven-member city council, consisting of a mayor and six city councillors. The city follows the Saskatchewan schedule when voting in municipal elections. [73]

Residents on the Alberta side are in the electoral district of Lakeland for elections to the federal House of Commons, and Vermilion-Lloydminster-Wainwright for elections to the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Residents in Saskatchewan are in Battlefords—Lloydminster federally, and Lloydminster for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. [74]

Taxation

Lloydminster's bi-provincial status has resulted in special provisions regarding provincial taxation within the city limits. The Saskatchewan side of the city is exempt from that province's sales tax, preventing businesses located there from being placed at a disadvantage relative to businesses in Alberta, which has no provincial sales tax. [72] There is no exemption for provincial income tax, which is based solely on the taxpayer's province of residence. Other differences surrounding interprovincial costs are reflected within the treatment of automobile insurance, and housing taxes. For example, a driver under age 25 who lives on the Alberta side will pay approximately 2-3 times the average amount required of a Saskatchewan driver of the same age. [75]

Infrastructure

Health care

Lloydminster relies on health care resources from both Alberta Health Services and the Saskatchewan Health Authority. The Lloydminster Hospital was constructed in 1987 on the Saskatchewan side of the border. [76]

In 2013, an independent report found that Lloydminster was underserved by health care services in comparison to similar catchment areas in Alberta. In 2007, Lloydminster was deemed to have outgrown the capacity of its hospital; calls for more operating rooms, acute care beds, and a dedicated MRI unit did not come to fruition, resulting in patients sometimes having to travel to larger cities such as Saskatoon for operations. [76] Due to health data privacy laws in both provinces, the Lloydminster Hospital does not have direct access to AHS patient records, which have led to Alberta-based patients sometimes bringing their own paper records or receiving diagnostic tests a second time. [77]

The city's contracts with WPD to provide ambulance service in Lloydminster have faced criticism over unsatisfactory performance, with some patients having had to wait up to 40 minutes for help to arrive; [78] in August 2021, AHS pulled out of the contract and signed with a different provider, but WPD invoked an arbitration clause in Saskatchewan law that has prevented the SHA from immediately exiting the contract. [76] [79]

Transportation

The city is served by Lloydminster Airport. The Yellowhead Highway, (Alberta Highway 16 and Saskatchewan Highway 16) passes through the city from west to east, and Highway 17 (which is considered part of both Alberta's and Saskatchewan's highway system and is maintained by both provinces) travels along the provincial border from south to north. There is no local public transport serving the city. [80]

Education

Elementary and secondary schools on both sides of the border all use Saskatchewan's curriculum. [81] Lloydminster provides public and catholic education up to grade 12 as well as post-secondary education through Lakeland College, offering one and two year certificate and diploma programs. [82]

Media

Newspapers
Radio
FrequencyCall signBrandingFormatOwnerNotes
AM 540 CBK CBC Radio One Talk radio, public radio Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
FM 95.9 CKSA-FM Real Country 95.9 Country music Stingray Group
FM 97.5 CKUA-FM-15 CKUA Radio Variety, public radio CKUA Radio FoundationRebroadcaster of CKUA-FM (Edmonton)
FM 98.9CILR-FM– Tourist information Stingray Group
FM 106.1 CKLM-FM 106.1 The Goat Active rock Vista Radio
Television

Lloydminster is served by two broadcast television stations, operated as part of a twinstick operation owned by Newcap Radio:

OTA virtual channel (PSIP)OTA channelCall signNetworkNotes
2.12 (VHF) CKSA-DT Citytv Privately owned affiliate
4.14 (VHF) CITL-DT CTV Privately owned affiliate

Notable people

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Alberta</span>

Alberta has experienced a relatively high rate of growth in recent years, due in large part to its economy. Between 2003 and 2004, the province saw high birthrates, relatively high immigration, and a high rate of interprovincial migration when compared to other provinces. Approximately 81% of the population live in urban areas and only about 19% live in rural areas. The Calgary–Edmonton Corridor is the most urbanized area in Alberta and is one of Canada's four most urban regions. Many of Alberta's cities and towns have also experienced high rates of growth in recent history. From a population of 73,022 in 1901, Alberta has grown to 4,262,635 in 2021 and in the process has gone from less than 1.5% of Canada's population to 11.5%. It is the fourth most populated province in Canada. Between the 2016 and 2021 censuses, the Alberta population grew by 4.8%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Saskatchewan</span>

Saskatchewan is the middle province of Canada's three Prairie provinces. It has an area of 651,900 km2 (251,700 mi2) and a population of 1,132,505 (Saskatchewanians) as of 2021. Saskatchewan's population is made of 50.3% women and 49.7% men. Most of its population lives in the Southern half of the province.

Lake Cowichan is a town located on the east end of Cowichan Lake and, by highway, is 27 kilometres (17 mi) west of Duncan, British Columbia. The town of Lake Cowichan was incorporated in 1944. The Cowichan River flows through the middle of the town. Cowichan River is designated as a Heritage River.

According to the 2021 census, the City of Edmonton had a population of 1,010,899 residents, compared to 4,262,635 for all of Alberta, Canada. The total population of the Edmonton census metropolitan area (CMA) was 1,418,118, making it the sixth-largest CMA in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Calgary</span>

In the 2021 Census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,306,784 residents, representing 30.7% of the 4,262,635 residents in all of Alberta, and 3.5% compared to a population of 36,991,981 in all of Canada. The total population of the Calgary census metropolitan area (CMA) was 1,481,806. Calgary is the largest city in Alberta, and the third-largest municipality and fifth-largest metropolitan area in Canada, as of 2021.

References

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  1. ↑ Extreme high and low temperatures in the table are from Lloydminster (June 1904 to December 1970), Lloydminster North (January 1971 to June 1976), Lloydminster 12E (July 1976 to March 1982), and Lloydminster Airport (April 1982 to present).
  2. ↑ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  3. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  4. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  6. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
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