Transborder agglomeration

San Diego–Tijuana is an urban agglomeration across the Mexico–United States border.

A transborder agglomeration is an urban agglomeration or conurbation that extends into multiple sovereign states and/or dependent territories. It includes city-states that agglomerate with their neighbouring countries.

List of transborder agglomerations

Africa

Main municipalities	Countries	Total population
Kinshasa–Brazzaville	Democratic Republic of the Congo / Republic of the Congo	19,547,463
Bukavu–Cyangugu	Democratic Republic of the Congo / Rwanda	1,200,000 [1] [2]
Goma–Gisenyi		756,323
Abidjan–Lagos	Côte d'Ivoire / Ghana / Togo / Benin / Nigeria	27,000,000
Lomé–Aflao	Togo / Ghana	1,544,206
N'Djamena–Kousséri	Chad / Cameroon	1,694,819

Asia

Main municipalities	Countries	Total population
Astara and Astara	Iran– Azerbaijan	100,000
Khorramshahr and Abadan and Basra	Iran– Iraq	2,000,000
Dhahran and Jubail and Manama	Saudi Arabia– Bahrain	2,000,000
Tashkent and Saryagash	Uzbekistan– Kazakhstan	3,000,000 [3]
Fergana and Kyzyl-Kiya	Uzbekistan– Kyrgyzstan	300,000
Qorasuv and Kara-Suu		40,000
Heihe and Blagoveshchensk	China– Russia	400,000
Dandong and Sinuiju	China– North Korea	1,000,000
Greater Bay Area (Guangzhou and Dongguan and Shenzhen and Hong Kong– Macau	China– Hong Kong– Macau	71,200,000
Sijori Growth Triangle (Singapore and Johor Bahru and Batam and Bintan)	Singapore– Malaysia– Indonesia	9,000,000
Padang Besar and Padang Besar	Malaysia– Thailand	20,000
Vientiane and Nong Khai	Laos– Thailand	900,000
Al Ain and Al Buraimi, Oman	Uae– Oman	968,589
Savannakhet and Mukdahan	Laos– Thailand	200,000

Europe

Further information: Eurodistrict

Main municipalities	Countries	Total population[ citation needed ]
Øresund Region (Greater Copenhagen and Malmö)	Denmark– Sweden	3,964,522
Haparanda and Tornio	Sweden– Finland	32,000
Pello and Pello		4,500
Karesuando and Karesuvanto		500
Imatra and Svetogorsk	Finland– Russia	45,000
Ivangorod and Narva	Russia– Estonia	69,000
Valga and Valka	Estonia– Latvia	20,000
Como and Chiasso (part of Greater Milan ) [4]	Italy–  Switzerland	189,000 [5]
Gorizia and Nova Gorica	Italy– Slovenia
Basel and Huningue and Weil am Rhein (Trinational Eurodistrict of Basel)	Switzerland– France– Germany	2,400,000
Geneva and Annemasse and Ferney-Voltaire and Nyon ( Grand Genève )	Switzerland– France	890,000
Kreuzlingen and Konstanz	Switzerland– Germany	110,000
Basque Eurocity Bayonne-San Sebastián	France– Spain	620,000
Le Perthus and Els Límits		700
Bourg-Madame and Puigcerdà
Hendaye and Irun
Lille and Roubaix and Tourcoing and Mouscron and Tournai and Kortrijk (Eurometropolis Lille–Kortrijk–Tournai)	France– Belgium	1,850,000
Longwy and Aubange and Pétange	France– Belgium– Luxembourg	80,000
Strasbourg and Kehl (Strasbourg-Ortenau Eurodistrict)	France– Germany	700,000
Forbach and Saarbrücken		700,000
La Línea de la Concepción and Gibraltar	Spain– Gibraltar	95,628
Baarle-Hertog and Baarle-Nassau	Belgium– Netherlands	9,262
Görlitz and Zgorzelec	Germany– Poland	85,000
Guben and Gubin		35,000
Frankfurt (Oder) and Słubice		75,000
Szczecin		763,321
Cieszyn and Český Těšín	Poland– Czech Republic	57,000
Herzogenrath and Kerkrade	Germany– Netherlands	95,000
Freilassing and Salzburg	Germany– Austria	175,000
Vienna and Bratislava	Austria– Slovakia	2,400,000
Komárom and Komárno	Hungary– Slovakia	56,000
Rousse and Giurgiu	Bulgaria– Romania	250,000
Lifford and Strabane	Ireland– United Kingdom	18,500
Brod and Slavonski Brod	Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia	110,000
Zvornik and Mali Zvornik	Bosnia and Herzegovina– Serbia	70,000
Gradiška and Stara Gradiška	Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia	53,000
Novi Grad and Dvor	Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia	30,000
Dubica and Hrvatska Dubica	Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia	23,000
Kostajnica and Hrvatska Kostajnica	Bosnia and Herzegovina– Croatia	8,000

North America

Main municipalities	Countries	Total population
Paso Canoas	Costa Rica / Panama	9,543
Metro Vancouver–Fraser Valley–Bellingham-Whatcom County	United States / Canada	3,350,000
Detroit–Windsor		5,976,595
Buffalo-Niagara Region		1,614,790
Port Huron–Sarnia–Point Edward		105,776
Sault Ste. Marie–Sault Ste. Marie		93,944
San Diego–Tijuana	United States / Mexico	5,105,769 [6]
Calexico–Mexicali		1,143,000
San Luis Río Colorado–San Luis		227,000
Nogales–Nogales		240,000
El Paso–Juárez		2,500,000 [7]
Laredo–Nuevo Laredo		775,481 [8]
Lower Rio Grande Valley		2,671,028 [9]
Reynosa–McAllen		1,500,000 [10]
Brownsville–Matamoros		1,387,985 [11]

South America

Main municipalities	Countries	Total population
Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni–Albina	French Guiana / Suriname
Saint Georges–Oiapoque	French Guiana / Brazil	32,000
Quaraí–Artigas	Brazil / Uruguay	67,000
Santana do Livramento–Rivera		140,000
Chuí–Chuy		15,592 [12] [13]
Corumbá–Puerto Suárez	Brazil / Bolivia	124,000
Tabatinga–Leticia–Santa Rosa	Brazil / Colombia / Peru	107,000
Ponta Porã–Pedro Juan Caballero	Brazil / Paraguay	209,000
Foz do Iguaçu–Ciudad del Este–Puerto Iguazu	Brazil / Paraguay / Argentina	800,000
Barracão–Dionísio Cerqueira–Bernardo de Irigoyen	Brazil / Argentina	36,000
Uruguaiana–Paso de los Libres		170,000
Tulcán–Ipiales	Ecuador /  Colombia	190,000
Cúcuta–San Antonio del Táchira	Colombia / Venezuela	700,000 [14]

See also

• Border town
• Cross-border town naming
• List of divided cities
• Metropolitan area

References

1. "Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo Population (2023) - Population Stat". populationstat.com. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
2. "Explore Cyangugu Town". Nyungwe Forest National Park. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
3. Dankov, Artem. "Central Asian cities are overgrown with slums". centre1.com. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
4. "Archived copy" (PDF). www.espon.eu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
5. "Archived copy" (PDF). www.espon.eu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
6. "San Diego - Tijuana". World Gazetteer. Archived from the original on 2007-10-01. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
7. "The 411 - Fascinating Facts". Guest Life: El Paso/Juarez and Southern New Mexico. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 17 Feb 2010.
8. "Nuevo Laredo Metro area". World Gazetteer. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
9. Gomez, Rodney; Guajardo, Luis; Ely-Ledesma, Edna (June 15, 2022). "It is time to recognize the Rio Grande Valley as a rising borderland metropolis". Rice University: Kinder Institute for Urban Research.
10. "McAllen Overview". McAllen Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
11. "Explore Matamoros". Brownsville South Padre Island International Airport. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
12. "IBGE Cidades (Brazil's Census 2010)".
13. "INE (Uruguay's Census 2011)".
14. http://www.lapatilla.com/site/2016/08/15/cucuta-y-san-antonio-dos-ciudades-unidas-pero-separadas-por-cierre-frontera/ "...que une ambas ciudades formando una conurbación, los 650.000 habitantes de Cúcuta y los 50.000 de San Antonio supieron que comenzaban tiempos difíciles."