Over the centuries, cities in Europe have changed a great deal, rising and falling in size and influence. These tables give an idea of estimated population at various dates from the earliest times to the most recent:
City | 7000 | 6500 – 6000 | 5000 | 4000 | 3800 | 3000 – 2500 | 2000 | 1600 | 1300 | 1000 | 700 | 600 | 500 – 400 | 300 | 200 | 100 – 1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Athens | 10,000 – 15,000 | 2,500 – 5,000 | 5,000 – 10,000 | 70,000 – 100,000 – 130,000 | 150,000 – 350,000 – 610,000 | 120,000 – 200,000 – 300,000 – 431,000 | 100,000 – 200,000 | [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] | |||||||||
Argos | 600 – 1,200 | 5,000 – 10,000 | 30,000 – 60,000 | [3] [14] [22] [23] [24] [25] | |||||||||||||
Aegina | 20,000 – 40,000 | [26] | |||||||||||||||
Akrotiri | 8,000 – 15,000 – 30,000 | [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] | |||||||||||||||
Agrigento | 200,000 – 800,000 | [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] | |||||||||||||||
Avaricum | 40,000 [41] | ||||||||||||||||
Bibracte | 30,000 [42] | ||||||||||||||||
Cerveteri | 25,000 – 40,000 | [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] | |||||||||||||||
Capua | 100,000 | 300,000 | 100,000 | [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] | |||||||||||||
Choirokoitia | 300 – 600 | 2,000 | [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] | ||||||||||||||
Corinth | 5,000 [61] | 50,000 – 90,000 – 100,000 | [62] [63] [64] | ||||||||||||||
Crotone | 50,000 – 80,000 | [65] | |||||||||||||||
Dobrovody | 10,000 – 16,000 | [66] [67] | |||||||||||||||
Dimini | 300 | [68] | |||||||||||||||
Durrington Walls | 4,000 | [69] [70] [71] | |||||||||||||||
Fedorovka | 6,000 | [67] | |||||||||||||||
Gournia | 4,000 | [72] [73] | |||||||||||||||
Heuneburg | 10,000 | [74] [75] [76] [77] | |||||||||||||||
Ischia | 5,000 – 10,000 | [78] [79] [80] | |||||||||||||||
Knossos | 100 | 1,000 | 1,300 – 2,000 | 18,000 | 20,000 – 40,000 – 100,000 | 30,000 | 5,000 – 10,000 | [3] [14] [27] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] | |||||||||
Lepenski Vir | 150 – 1,000 | [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] | |||||||||||||||
Mycenae | 20,000 [94] | 30,000 – 35,000 | [87] [95] | ||||||||||||||
Manika (Greece) | 6000 – 15,000 | [96] [97] [98] [99] [100] [101] | |||||||||||||||
Malia | 700 – 1,000 | 5,000 – 10,000 – 12.500 | [27] | ||||||||||||||
Maydanets | 10,000 – 29,000 – 46,000 | [66] [102] [103] | |||||||||||||||
Nea Nikomedeia | 500 – 700 | [104] | |||||||||||||||
Okolište | 1000 – 3000 | [102] | |||||||||||||||
Palaikastro | 18,000 | [27] [105] | |||||||||||||||
Populonia | 25,000 – 40,000 | [45] [46] [106] [107] | |||||||||||||||
Tarquinia | 20,000 – 25,000 – 40,000 | [45] [46] [106] [107] | |||||||||||||||
Vinča-Belo Brdo | 2000 – 2500 | [108] [109] | |||||||||||||||
Veii | 25,000 – 40,000 – 100,000 | [45] [46] [106] [107] [110] [111] [112] | |||||||||||||||
Volsinii | 13,000 – 25,000 – 40,000 | [45] [46] [106] [107] | |||||||||||||||
Vulci | 15,000 – 25,000 – 40,000 | [45] [46] [106] [107] | |||||||||||||||
Sesklo | 300 | 1000 – 5000 | [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] | ||||||||||||||
Sparta | 40,000 – 50,000 | [2] [118] | |||||||||||||||
Syracuse, Sicily | 200,000 – 800,000 – 1,200,000 | 200,000 – 400,000 | [40] [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] | ||||||||||||||
Sybaris | 100,000 – 300,000 | [126] [65] [127] [128] [129] [130] | |||||||||||||||
Solnitsata | 350 | [131] [132] | |||||||||||||||
Tiryns | 1,200 – 1,800 | 10,000 | 15,000 | [133] [134] [62] | |||||||||||||
Nebelivka | 17,000 | [67] | |||||||||||||||
Taranto | 100,000 – 300,000 | [53] [135] [136] | |||||||||||||||
Talianki | 15,000 – 30,000 | [67] [137] [138] [139] | |||||||||||||||
Thebes, Greece | 4,000 – 6,000 | 8,000 | 30,000 – 60,000 | [140] | |||||||||||||
Los Millares | 1,000 – 2,300 | [145] [146] [147] | |||||||||||||||
Pavlopetri | 500 | 2,000 | [148] [149] | ||||||||||||||
Rome | 3,145 – 7,400 | 24,240 – 60,600 | 80,000 | 130,000 | 250,000 – 300,000 | 350,000 | 500,000 – 1,000,000 | [53] [150] [151] [152] [153] | |||||||||
Rhodes | 100,000 – 200,000 | 100,000 | [20] [21] [162] | ||||||||||||||
City | 1 – 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | 1000 | 1100 | 1200 | 1300 | 1400 | 1500 | 1600 | 1700 | 1800 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agrigento | 50,000 | [163] | |||||||||||||||||
Athens | 30,000 – 90,000 | 110,000 | 25,000 | 35,000 – 50,000 | 40,000 | [164] [165] [166] [167] | |||||||||||||
Aquileia | 12,000 – 100,000 | 100,000 | [168] [169] [170] | ||||||||||||||||
Augsburg | 25,000 – 50,000 | 25,000 – 50,000 | 12,000 | 50,000 | 30,000 – 50,000 | 45,000 – 50,000 – 100,000 | 26,000 | 28,000 – 32,000 | [171] [172] [173] [174] [175] [176] [177] | ||||||||||
Amalfi | 80,000 | [178] | |||||||||||||||||
Antwerp | 5,000 | 20,000 | 100,000 – 200,000 | 46,000 – 90,000 | 75,000 | [179] [180] [181] [182] [183] | |||||||||||||
Arles | 75,000 – 100,000 | [184] [185] [186] | |||||||||||||||||
Autun | 40,000 – 100,000 | [187] [188] [189] | |||||||||||||||||
Amsterdam | 30,000 | 65,000 – 100,000 – 175,000 | 175,000 – 200,000 – 210,000 | 195,000 – 201,000 | [182] [190] [191] [192] | ||||||||||||||
Barcelona | 50,000 | 60,000 – 70,000 | 100,000 | [192] [193] [194] [195] | |||||||||||||||
Bruges | 50,000 | 125,000 – 200,000 | [196] [197] | ||||||||||||||||
Bucharest | 60,000 | 50,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||||||
Brussels | 30,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 | 70,000 | [181] [191] [199] | ||||||||||||||
Bordeaux | 15,000 | 30,000 – 40,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 | [200] [201] [202] [166] [170] | ||||||||||||||
Berlin | 6,000 | 12,000 | 20,000 | 172,000 | [191] [203] | ||||||||||||||
Bologna | 35,000 | 50,000 – 70,000 | [166] [204] [205] | ||||||||||||||||
Bolgar | 25,000 – 30,000 | 50,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||||||
Capua | 30,000 | [170] | |||||||||||||||||
Carnuntum | 12,000 – 50,000 | 50,000 | 50,000 | [206] [207] [208] | |||||||||||||||
Cádiz | 100,000 | 87,000 | [189] [209] | ||||||||||||||||
Corinth | 100,000 – 200,000 – 700,000 | 45,000 + in 856 AD. [210] | [62] [211] [212] [213] [214] | ||||||||||||||||
Constantinople | 12,000 | 400,000 | 400,000 – 800,000 | 100,000 – 800,000 | 100,000 – 800,000 | 100,000 – 250,000 | 500,000 – 1,000,000 | 500,000 | 300,000 | 400,000 | 70,000 | 100,000 | 400,000 – 660,000 | 700,000 | 300,000 – 700,000 | 400,000 – 570,000 | [215] [216] [217] [218] [219] [220] [221] [222] [223] [224] [166] [167] | ||
Córdoba | 45,000 | 350,000 | 60,000 | [189] [204] [225] | |||||||||||||||
Cologne | 40,000 | 40,000 | 15,000 – 20,000 | 21,000 | 20,000 | 21,000 – 50,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 | 40,000 | 45,000 | 40,000 | 50,000 | [205] [226] [227] [228] [229] [230] | ||||||
Danzig | 30,000 | 60,000 – 80,000 | [171] [231] | ||||||||||||||||
Dublin | 1,000 – 2,000 | 4,000 – 5,000 | 10,000 | 20,000 | 75,000 | 200,000 | [232] [233] [234] [235] | ||||||||||||
Edirne (Adrianople) | 10,000 | 28,000 | 125,000 | 160,000 – 183,000 | 93,000 | 100,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||
Feodosia | 40,000 | 85,000 – 88,000 | 50,000 | 40,000 | 36,000 – 44,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||
Florence | 15,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 | 80,000 – 120,000 | 70,000 | 70,000 | [236] [182] [205] [226] [237] [238] | |||||||||||||
Gela | 30,000 | [163] | |||||||||||||||||
Genoa | 80,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 | 60,000 | 70,000 | 90,000 | [236] [182] [205] [239] [240] [241] | |||||||||||
Ghent | 5,000 | 10,000 | 60,000 – 80,000 | 70,000 – 80,000 | 80,000 – 150,000 – 175,000 – 200,000 | [180] [196] [242] [243] [244] [245] [246] [247] [193] | |||||||||||||
Gortyna | 22,500 | [248] | |||||||||||||||||
Granada | 26,000 | 150,000 | 100,000 | 70,000 | [249] [250] [200] | ||||||||||||||
Hamburg | 8,000 | 15,000 – 20,000 | 40,000 – 60,000 – 100,000 | 63,000 – 75,000 | 117,000 – 130,000 | [171] [173] [177] [231] [191] [251] | |||||||||||||
Kyiv | 45,000 | 100,000 | [252] [253] | ||||||||||||||||
Lisbon | 35,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 | 60,000 – 70,000 – 120,000 | 120,000 – 140,000 | 200,000 | 237,000 | [209] [254] [255] [256] | ||||||||||||
London | 30,000 | 45,000 – 50,000 – 60,000 | 10,000 – 12,000 | 20,000 – 25,000 | 10,000 – 20,000 | 20,000 – 25,000 | 50,000 – 100,000 | 50,000 – 100,000 – 120,000 | 225,000 – 410,000 | 550,000 – 700,000 | 861,000 – 1,000,000 | [224] [257] [258] [259] [260] [261] [262] [263] [264] | |||||||
Lugdunum (Lyon) | 50,000 – 100,000 – 200,000 | 50,000 – 100,000 – 200,000 | 12,000 | 20,000 | 40,000 – 70,000 | 40,000 – 70,000 | 100,000 | 150,000 | [231] [265] [205] [266] [267] [268] [269] [270] | ||||||||||
Leuven | 45,000 | [271] | |||||||||||||||||
Lublin | 40,000 – 70,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||||
Lübeck | 6,000 | 24,000 | 30,000 – 37,000 | 32,000 | 24,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||
Madrid | 60,000 | 105,000 | 182,000 | [231] [191] [251] | |||||||||||||||
Magdeburg | 30,000 | 40,000 – 45,000 | [171] [230] | ||||||||||||||||
Marseille | 15,000 | 80,000 – 100,000 | 80,000 | 83,000 – 100,000 | [231] [191] [192] [251] [166] [170] | ||||||||||||||
Mainz | 15,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | 25,000 | 24,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 – 42,000 | [272] [166] [170] | |||||||||||
Messina | 100,000 | [190] [251] [273] | |||||||||||||||||
Milan | 30,000 – 40,000 | 40,000 | 100,000 | 90,000 | 200,000 | 125,000 | 100,000 | 180,000 | 113,000 | 122,000 – 250,000 | [50] [236] [274] [189] [191] [240] [251] [275] [276] [277] [278] [170] | ||||||||
Metz | 40,000 | 25,000 | 40,000 | [265] [269] [279] | |||||||||||||||
Montpellier | 30,000 – 40,000 | 15,000 | 40,000 | [265] [280] | |||||||||||||||
Moscow | 20,000 – 30,000 | 30,000 – 40,000 | 100,000 | 200,000 | 200,000 | 270,000 | [281] [282] | ||||||||||||
Narbonne | 20,000 | 30,000 – 50,000 | 31,000 | [187] [205] [166] [170] | |||||||||||||||
Naples | 30,000 | 50,000 | 30,000 | 30,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 | 200,000 | 350,000 | 207,000 | 500,000 | [236] [191] [205] [283] [284] [285] [286] [287] [288] [289] | |||||||||
Nimes | 40,000 – 60,000 | 40,000 | [265] [290] [291] [292] [293] | ||||||||||||||||
Nuremberg | 10,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 – 52,000 | 40,000 – 50,000 – 100,000 | 27,000 | [173] [175] [177] [251] [294] [295] [296] | ||||||||||||
Ostia Antica | 20,000 – 50,000 – 100,000 | 50,000 – 100,000 | [297] [298] [299] [300] [301] [302] | ||||||||||||||||
Ohrid | 40,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||||
Palermo | 60,000 – 350,000 | 150,000 | 150,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 | 124,000 | 135,000 | [303] [190] [191] [304] [256] | |||||||||||
Paris | 8,000 | 30,000 | 20,000 – 30,000 | 20,000 – 30,000 | 20,000 | 50,000 | 110,000 – 160,000 | 228,000 – 275,000 – 300,000 | 280,000 | 225,000 | 245,000 – 420,000 | 515,000 | 546,000 – 830,000 | [205] [224] [305] [306] [307] [265] [308] [309] [166] [310] | |||||
Padua | 25,000 – 40,000 | 25,000 – 40,000 | 25,000 – 40,000 | 40,000 | [166] [311] | ||||||||||||||
Philippi | 10,000 – 100,000 | [312] [167] | |||||||||||||||||
Pliska | 44,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||||
Plovdiv | 20,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||
Pozzuoli | 30,000 – 100,000 | [50] [313] [174] [170] | |||||||||||||||||
Pskov | 35,000 | 52,000 – 60,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||||||
Preslav | 60,000 | 60,000 | [314] | ||||||||||||||||
Prague | 10,000 [315] | 22,000 | 40,000 – 77,000 | 95,000 – 100,000 | 70,000 | 100,000 | 48,000 | 77,000 – 100,000 | [316] [191] [317] | ||||||||||
Regensburg | 25,000 | 40,000 | [274] [269] | ||||||||||||||||
Reims | 30,000 – 50,000 | 30,000 | [187] [265] | ||||||||||||||||
Rome | 1,000,000 – 1,650,000 | 1,000,000 | 1,200,000 | 1,100,000 | 100,000 | 90,000 | 40,000 – 50,000 | 50,000 | 30,000 | 20,000 | 50,000 – 55,000 | 90,000 – 110,000 | 120,000 – 150,000 | 150,000 | [150] [151] [152] [153] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [182] [215] [318] [319] [320] [321] [322] [323] [166] [170] | ||||
Ravenna | 50,000 | 50,000 | [184] | ||||||||||||||||
Rhodes | 40,000 | [167] | |||||||||||||||||
Rouen | 10,000 | 30,000 | 40,000 | 70,000 | 40,000 – 70,000 | 40,000 – 70,000 | 63,000 | 80,000 – 90,000 | [191] [265] [269] [270] [317] [324] [325] | ||||||||||
Saint Petersburg | 100,000+ | 220,000 – 425,000 | [192] [326] | ||||||||||||||||
Salerno | 50,000 | 50,000 | 30,000 | 4,000 | [205] [304] | ||||||||||||||
Smolensk | 20,000 – 30,000 – 40,000 | 25,000 | 50,000 | 64,000 | 40,000 | [327] [328] | |||||||||||||
Sarai | 100,00 – 600,000 | [329] | |||||||||||||||||
Speyer | 30,000+ | 30,000 | 20,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||
Seville | 90,000 | 150,000 | 25,000 | 100,000 – 300,000 | 80,000 | 96,000 | [330] [190] [191] [200] | ||||||||||||
Siena | 50,000 – 120,000 [331] | 25,000 | [332] | ||||||||||||||||
Stara Zagora | 35,000 | 30,000 | 40,000 | 38,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||||
Syracuse, Sicily | 80,000 – 90,000 | [189] [163] | |||||||||||||||||
Thessaloniki | 30,000 – 200,000 | 50,000 | 40,000 | 150,000 | 150,000 | 100,000 – 150,000 | 100,000 – 150,000 | [252] [333] [334] [335] [336] [337] [166] [167] | |||||||||||
Trakai | 50,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||||
Trnovo | 48,000 | 35,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||||||
Targoviste | 25,000 – 40,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 | 45,000 – 60,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||
Trier | 70,000 – 80,000 – 100,000 | 70,000 – 80,000 – 100,000 | 15,000 | 20,000 | [205] [269] [338] [339] [340] [184] | ||||||||||||||
Toulouse | 20,000 | 40,000 | 50,000 | 30,000 | 40,000 | 24,000 | 50,000 | 43,000 | 50,000 | [341] [271] [265] [342] [343] [344] [345] | |||||||||
Venice | 60,000 | 80,000 | 110,000 – 180,000 | 110,000 – 150,000 | 100,000 – 170,000 | 200,000 | 140,000 | 140,000 | [236] [274] [238] [239] [346] | ||||||||||
Verona | 20,000 – 25,000 | 40,000 | [347] [348] | ||||||||||||||||
Veliky Novgorod | 10,000 – 15,000 – 18,000 | 20,000 – 30,000 – 40,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 – 400,000 | 50,000 | [349] [350] [351] [352] | ||||||||||||||
Vienna | 15,000 – 20,000 | 15,000 – 20,000 | 12,000 | 20,000 | 24,000 | 45,000 | 30,000 – 50,000 – 60,000 | 100,000 – 113,000 | 250,000 | [171] [177] [231] [191] [296] [208] [353] [354] | |||||||||
Worms | 28,000 – 60,000 | 20,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||||||
Ypres | 40,000 – 80,000 – 200,000 | 40,000 – 80,000 – 200,000 | [205] [201] [355] [356] [357] [358] [359] [360] | ||||||||||||||||
Zadar | 30,000 | [361] |
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City | Country | 430 B.C. | 200 B.C. | A.D. 100 | A.D. 361 | A.D. 500 | A.D. 622 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seville | Spain | 37–40,000 | 40,000 | ||||
London | United Kingdom | 30,000 | |||||
Syracuse | Italy | 125,000 | 100,000 | 51–60,000 | 45–50,000 | ||
Rome | Italy | 35,000 | 150,000 | 450,000 | 150,000 | 100,000 | 50,000 |
Milan | Italy | 30,000 | 40,000 | ||||
Athens | Greece | 155,000 | 75,000 | 75,000 | 50–60,000 | ||
Corinth | Greece | 70,000 | 70,000 | 50,000 | |||
Byzantium/ Constantinople | Turkey | 36,000 | 300,000 | 400,000 | 350,000 | ||
City | Country | 800 | 900 | 1000 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | 1250 | 1300 | 1350 | 1400 | 1450 | 1500 | 1550 | 1575 | 1600 | 1650 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
London | United Kingdom | 15,000 | 25,000 | 40,000 | 45,000 | 50,000 | 60,000 | 50,000 | 74,000 | 112,000 | 187,000 | 410,000 | |||||
Lisbon | Portugal | 15,000 | 15,000 | 15,000 | 35,000 | 45,000 | 55,000 | 60,000 | 55,000 | 62,000 | 85,000 | 100,000 | 170,000 | ||||
Córdoba | Spain | 160,000 | 200,000 | 450,000 | 60,000 | 60,000 | 60,000 | 40,000 | 36,000 | 30,000 | 32,000 | ||||||
Seville | Spain | 35,000 | 40,000 | 90,000 | 125,000 | 125,000 | 150,000 | 75,000 | 90,000 | 60,000 | 60,000 | 60,000 | 46,000 | 70,000 | 100,000 | 126,000 | 60,000 |
Granada | Spain | 60,000 | 60,000 | 60,000 | 75,000 | 90,000 | 60,000 | 90,000 | 165,000 | 70,000 | 70,000 | 60,000 | 68,000 | ||||
Madrid | Spain | 80,000 | 125,000 | ||||||||||||||
Paris | France | 25,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | 50,000 | 110,000 | 160,000 | 228,000 | 215,000 | 280,000 | 150,000 | 185,000 | 210,000 | 220,000 | 245,000 | 455,000 | |
Amsterdam | Netherlands | 48,000 | 165,000 | ||||||||||||||
Rome | Italy | 50,000 | 40,000 | 35,000 | 35,000 | 35,000 | 30,000 | 33,000 | 38,000 | 58,000 | 70,000 | 102,000 | 110,000 | ||||
Turin | Italy | 25,000 | 30,000 | 30,000 | 35,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 75,000 | 114,000 | 209,000 | 215,000 | 224,000 | 265,000 | |||
Milan | Italy | 25,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | 42,000 | 45,000 | 60,000 | 65,000 | 60,000 | 50,000 | 80,000 | 83,000 | 89,000 | 75,000 | 98,000 | 107,000 | 105,000 |
Palermo | Italy | 35,000 | 75,000 | 90,000 | 125,000 | 150,000 | 75,000 | 35,000 | 25,000 | 39,000 | 60,000 | 70,000 | 105,000 | 132,000 | |||
Venice | Italy | 35,000 | 45,000 | 55,000 | 60,000 | 70,000 | 90,000 | 110,000 | 85,000 | 110,000 | 100,000 | 115,000 | 171,000 | 157,000 | 151,000 | 134,000 | |
Copenhagen | Denmark | 15,000 | 22,000 | 30,000 | 40,000 | 55,000 | 76,000 | 80,000 | 84,000 | 90,000 | 110,000 | ||||||
Prague | Czech Republic | 25,000 | 35,000 | 35,000 | 33,000 | ||||||||||||
Constantinople/ Istanbul | Turkey | 250,000 | 300,000 | 300,000 | 200,000 | 200,000 | 150,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 | 80,000 | 75,000 | 45,000 | 200,000 | 660,000 | 680,000 | 700,000 | 700,000 |
Smolensk | Russia | 80,000 | 100,000 | 120,000 | |||||||||||||
Moscow | Russia | 30,000 | 80,000 | 75,000 | 60,000 | 80,000 | 100,000 | ||||||||||
City | Country | 1675 | 1700 | 1750 | 1775 | 1800 | 1825 | 1850 | 1862 | 1875 | 1900 | 1914 | 1925 | 1936 | 1950 | 1975 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
London | United Kingdom | 485,000 | 550,000 | 676,000 | 710,000 | 861,000 | 1,335,000 | 2,320,000 | 2,803,000 | 4,241,000 | 6,480,000 | 7,419,000 | 7,742,000 | 9,710,000 | 8,860,000 | 10,500,000 |
Lisbon | Portugal | 178,000 | 188,000 | 213,000 | 219,000 | 237,000 | 258,000 | 262,000 | 280,000 | 243,000 | 363,000 | 455,000 | 567,000 | 875,000 | 1,600,000 | |
Córdoba | Spain | 27,000 | 28,000 | 34,000 | 52,000 | |||||||||||
Seville | Spain | 80,000 | 68,000 | 96,000 | 83,000 | 117,000 | 148,000 | 212,000 | 383,000 | 685,000 | ||||||
Granada | Spain | 35,000 | 45,000 | 53,000 | 58,000 | 75,000 | ||||||||||
Madrid | Spain | 115,000 | 105,000 | 110,000 | 132,000 | 182,000 | 201,000 | 216,000 | 303,000 | 373,000 | 539,000 | 623,000 | 791,000 | 1,220,000 | 1,527,000 | 4,150,000 |
Paris | France | 540,000 | 530,000 | 556,000 | 600,000 | 547,000 | 855,000 | 1,314,000 | 1,800,000 | 2,250,000 | 3,330,000 | 4,000,000 | 4,800,000 | 5,950,000 | 5,900,000 | 9,400,000 |
Amsterdam | Netherlands | 195,000 | 210,000 | 219,000 | 209,000 | 195,000 | 196,000 | 225,000 | 268,000 | 289,000 | 510,000 | 601,000 | 718,000 | 859,000 | 1,800,000 | |
Rome | Italy | 105,000 | 138,000 | 146,000 | 148,000 | 142,000 | 125,000 | 158,000 | 194,000 | 251,000 | 438,000 | 570,000 | 758,000 | 1,155,000 | 1,665,000 | 3,600,000 |
Naples | Italy | 170,000 | 207,000 | 310,000 | 355,000 | 430,000 | 350,000 | 413,000 | 447,000 | 450,000 | 563,000 | 691,000 | 852,000 | 1,210,000 | 1,900,000 | |
Milan | Italy | 114,000 | 113,000 | 110,000 | 117,000 | 122,000 | 156,000 | 182,000 | 226,000 | 267,000 | 491,000 | 655,000 | 917,000 | 1,103,000 | 1,400,000 | 3,800,000 |
Palermo | Italy | 128,000 | 125,000 | 111,000 | 127,000 | 135,000 | 154,000 | 170,000 | 175,000 | 188,000 | 255,000 | 370,000 | 470,000 | 672,000 | ||
Venice | Italy | 138,000 | 143,000 | 158,000 | 151,000 | 146,000 | 99,000 | 141,000 | 171,000 | 226,000 | 354,000 | |||||
Berlin | Germany | 26,000 | 113,000 | 136,000 | 172,000 | 222,000 | 446,000 | 582,000 | 1,045,000 | 2,707,000 | 3,500,000 | 4,013,000 | 4,226,000 | 3,707,000 | 2,000,000 | |
Budapest | Hungary | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 309,208 | 733,385 | 880,371 | 960,995 | 1,060,431 | 1,629,000 | 2,026,543 |
Prague | Czech Republic | 48,000 | 58,000 | 77,000 | 98,000 | 117,000 | 474,000 | 670,000 | 745,000 | 951,000 | 1,275,000 | |||||
Copenhagen | Denmark | 30,000 | 181,000 | 571,000 | 1,140,000 | 3,300,000 | ||||||||||
Constantinople/ Istanbul | Turkey | 750,000 | 700,000 | 625,000 | 600,000 | 570,000 | 675,000 | 785,000 | 820,000 | 873,000 | 900,000 | 1,125,000 | 817,000 | 1,035,000 | 3,200,000 | |
Edirne | Turkey | 100,000 | 85,000 | 82,000 | 80,000 | 88,000 | 85,000 | |||||||||
Moscow | Russia | 105,000 | 114,000 | 146,000 | 177,000 | 248,000 | 257,000 | 373,000 | 346,000 | 600,000 | 1,120,000 | 1,805,000 | 1,764,000 | 4,050,000 | 5,100,000 | 10,700,000 |
Saint Petersburg | Russia | 74,000 | 164,000 | 220,000 | 438,000 | 502,000 | 565,000 | 764,000 | 1,439,000 | 2,133,000 | 1,430,000 | 2,983,000 | 2,700,000 | 4,280,000 | ||
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy, southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems.
Homer was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature. Homer is considered one of the most revered and influential authors in history.
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Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts and cultural landscapes.
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Assuwa was a confederation of 22 states in western Anatolia around 1400 BC. The confederation formed to oppose the Hittite Empire, but was defeated under Tudhaliya I/II. The name was recorded in various centres in Mycenaean Greece as Asiwia, which later acquired the form Asia.
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John Richard "Jaś" Elsner, is a British art historian and classicist, who is Professor of Late Antique Art in the Faculty of Classics at the University of Oxford, Humfry Payne Senior Research Fellow in Classical Archaeology and Art at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Visiting Professor of Art History at the University of Chicago. He is mainly known for his work on Roman art, including Late Antiquity and Byzantine art, as well as the historiography of art history, and is a prolific writer on these and other topics. Elsner has been described as "one of the most well-known figures in the field of ancient art history, respected for his notable erudition, extensive range of interests and expertise, his continuing productivity, and above all, for the originality of his mind", and by Shadi Bartsch, a colleague at Chicago, as "the predominant contemporary scholar of the relationship between classical art and ancient subjectivity".
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