Over the centuries, cities in Europe have changed a great deal, rising and falling in size and influence. These tables give an idea of estimated population at various dates from the earliest times to the most recent:
City | 7000 | 6500 – 6000 | 5000 | 4000 | 3800 | 3000 – 2500 | 2000 | 1600 | 1300 | 1000 | 700 | 600 | 500 – 400 | 300 | 200 | 100 – 1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Athens | 10,000 – 15,000 | 2,500 – 5,000 | 5,000 – 10,000 | 70,000 – 100,000 – 130,000 | 150,000 – 350,000 – 610,000 | 120,000 – 200,000 – 300,000 – 431,000 | 100,000 – 200,000 | [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] | |||||||||
Argos | 600 – 1,200 | 5,000 – 10,000 | 30,000 – 60,000 | [3] [14] [22] [23] [24] [25] | |||||||||||||
Aegina | 20,000 – 40,000 | [26] | |||||||||||||||
Akrotiri | 8,000 – 15,000 – 30,000 | [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] | |||||||||||||||
Agrigento | 200,000 – 800,000 | [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] | |||||||||||||||
Avaricum | 40,000 [41] | ||||||||||||||||
Bibracte | 30,000 [42] | ||||||||||||||||
Cerveteri | 25,000 – 40,000 | [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] | |||||||||||||||
Capua | 100,000 | 300,000 | 100,000 | [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53] | |||||||||||||
Choirokoitia | 300 – 600 | 2,000 | [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] | ||||||||||||||
Corinth | 5,000 [61] | 50,000 – 90,000 – 100,000 | [62] [63] [64] | ||||||||||||||
Crotone | 50,000 – 80,000 | [65] | |||||||||||||||
Dobrovody | 10,000 – 16,000 | [66] [67] | |||||||||||||||
Dimini | 300 | [68] | |||||||||||||||
Durrington Walls | 4,000 | [69] [70] [71] | |||||||||||||||
Fedorivka | 6,000 | [67] | |||||||||||||||
Gournia | 4,000 | [72] [73] | |||||||||||||||
Heuneburg | 10,000 | [74] [75] [76] [77] | |||||||||||||||
Ischia | 5,000 – 10,000 | [78] [79] [80] | |||||||||||||||
Knossos | 100 | 1,000 | 1,300 – 2,000 | 18,000 | 20,000 – 40,000 – 100,000 | 30,000 | 5,000 – 10,000 | [3] [14] [27] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87] | |||||||||
Lepenski Vir | 150 – 1,000 | [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93] | |||||||||||||||
Mycenae | 20,000 [94] | 30,000 – 35,000 | [87] [95] | ||||||||||||||
Manika (Greece) | 6000 – 15,000 | [96] [97] [98] [99] [100] [101] | |||||||||||||||
Malia | 700 – 1,000 | 5,000 – 10,000 – 12.500 | [27] | ||||||||||||||
Maidanetske | 10,000 – 29,000 – 46,000 | [66] [102] [103] | |||||||||||||||
Nea Nikomedeia | 500 – 700 | [104] | |||||||||||||||
Okolište | 1000 – 3000 | [102] | |||||||||||||||
Palaikastro | 18,000 | [27] [105] | |||||||||||||||
Populonia | 25,000 – 40,000 | [45] [46] [106] [107] | |||||||||||||||
Tarquinia | 20,000 – 25,000 – 40,000 | [45] [46] [106] [107] | |||||||||||||||
Vinča-Belo Brdo | 2000 – 2500 | [108] [109] | |||||||||||||||
Veii | 25,000 – 40,000 – 100,000 | [45] [46] [106] [107] [110] [111] [112] | |||||||||||||||
Volsinii | 13,000 – 25,000 – 40,000 | [45] [46] [106] [107] | |||||||||||||||
Vulci | 15,000 – 25,000 – 40,000 | [45] [46] [106] [107] | |||||||||||||||
Sesklo | 300 | 1000 – 5000 | [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] | ||||||||||||||
Sparta | 40,000 – 50,000 | [2] [118] | |||||||||||||||
Syracuse, Sicily | 200,000 – 800,000 – 1,200,000 | 200,000 – 400,000 | [40] [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125] | ||||||||||||||
Sybaris | 100,000 – 300,000 | [126] [65] [127] [128] [129] [130] | |||||||||||||||
Solnitsata | 350 | [131] [132] | |||||||||||||||
Tiryns | 1,200 – 1,800 | 10,000 | 15,000 | [133] [134] [62] | |||||||||||||
Nebelivka | 17,000 | [67] | |||||||||||||||
Taranto | 100,000 – 300,000 | [53] [135] [136] | |||||||||||||||
Talianky | 15,000 – 30,000 | [67] [137] [138] [139] | |||||||||||||||
Thebes, Greece | 4,000 – 6,000 | 8,000 | 30,000 – 60,000 | [140] | |||||||||||||
Los Millares | 1,000 – 2,300 | [145] [146] [147] | |||||||||||||||
Pavlopetri | 500 | 2,000 | [148] [149] | ||||||||||||||
Rome | 3,145 – 7,400 | 24,240 – 60,600 | 80,000 | 130,000 | 250,000 – 300,000 | 350,000 | 500,000 – 1,000,000 | [53] [150] [151] [152] [153] | |||||||||
Rhodes | 100,000 – 200,000 | 100,000 | [20] [21] [162] | ||||||||||||||
City | 1 – 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 | 1000 | 1100 | 1200 | 1300 | 1400 | 1500 | 1600 | 1700 | 1800 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agrigento | 50,000 | [163] | |||||||||||||||||
Athens | 30,000 – 90,000 | 110,000 | 25,000 | 35,000 – 50,000 | 40,000 | [164] [165] [166] [167] | |||||||||||||
Aquileia | 12,000 – 100,000 | 100,000 | [168] [169] [170] | ||||||||||||||||
Augsburg | 25,000 – 50,000 | 25,000 – 50,000 | 12,000 | 50,000 | 30,000 – 50,000 | 45,000 – 50,000 – 100,000 | 26,000 | 28,000 – 32,000 | [171] [172] [173] [174] [175] [176] [177] | ||||||||||
Amalfi | 80,000 | [178] | |||||||||||||||||
Antwerp | 5,000 | 20,000 | 100,000 – 200,000 | 46,000 – 90,000 | 75,000 | [179] [180] [181] [182] [183] | |||||||||||||
Arles | 75,000 – 100,000 | [184] [185] [186] | |||||||||||||||||
Autun | 40,000 – 100,000 | [187] [188] [189] | |||||||||||||||||
Amsterdam | 30,000 | 65,000 – 100,000 – 175,000 | 175,000 – 200,000 – 210,000 | 195,000 – 201,000 | [182] [190] [191] [192] | ||||||||||||||
Barcelona | 50,000 | 60,000 – 70,000 | 100,000 | [192] [193] [194] [195] | |||||||||||||||
Bruges | 50,000 | 125,000 – 200,000 | [196] [197] | ||||||||||||||||
Bucharest | 60,000 | 50,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||||||
Brussels | 30,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 | 70,000 | [181] [191] [199] | ||||||||||||||
Bordeaux | 15,000 | 30,000 – 40,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 | [200] [201] [202] [166] [170] | ||||||||||||||
Berlin | 6,000 | 12,000 | 20,000 | 172,000 | [191] [203] | ||||||||||||||
Bologna | 35,000 | 50,000 – 70,000 | [166] [204] [205] | ||||||||||||||||
Bolgar | 25,000 – 30,000 | 50,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||||||
Capua | 30,000 | [170] | |||||||||||||||||
Carnuntum | 12,000 – 50,000 | 50,000 | 50,000 | [206] [207] [208] | |||||||||||||||
Cádiz | 100,000 | 87,000 | [189] [209] | ||||||||||||||||
Corinth | 100,000 – 200,000 – 700,000 | 45,000 + in 856 AD. [210] | [62] [211] [212] [213] [214] | ||||||||||||||||
Constantinople | 12,000 | 400,000 | 400,000 – 800,000 | 100,000 – 800,000 | 100,000 – 800,000 | 100,000 – 250,000 | 500,000 – 1,000,000 | 500,000 | 300,000 | 400,000 | 70,000 | 100,000 | 400,000 – 660,000 | 700,000 | 300,000 – 700,000 | 400,000 – 570,000 | [215] [216] [217] [218] [219] [220] [221] [222] [223] [224] [166] [167] | ||
Córdoba | 45,000 | 350,000 | 60,000 | [189] [204] [225] | |||||||||||||||
Cologne | 40,000 | 40,000 | 15,000 – 20,000 | 21,000 | 20,000 | 21,000 – 50,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 | 40,000 | 45,000 | 40,000 | 50,000 | [205] [226] [227] [228] [229] [230] | ||||||
Danzig | 30,000 | 60,000 – 80,000 | [171] [231] | ||||||||||||||||
Dublin | 1,000 – 2,000 | 4,000 – 5,000 | 10,000 | 20,000 | 75,000 | 200,000 | [232] [233] [234] [235] | ||||||||||||
Edirne (Adrianople) | 10,000 | 28,000 | 125,000 | 160,000 – 183,000 | 93,000 | 100,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||
Feodosia | 40,000 | 85,000 – 88,000 | 50,000 | 40,000 | 36,000 – 44,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||
Florence | 15,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 | 80,000 – 120,000 | 70,000 | 70,000 | [236] [182] [205] [226] [237] [238] | |||||||||||||
Gela | 30,000 | [163] | |||||||||||||||||
Genoa | 80,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 | 60,000 | 70,000 | 90,000 | [236] [182] [205] [239] [240] [241] | |||||||||||
Ghent | 5,000 | 10,000 | 60,000 – 80,000 | 70,000 – 80,000 | 80,000 – 150,000 – 175,000 – 200,000 | [180] [196] [242] [243] [244] [245] [246] [247] [193] | |||||||||||||
Gortyna | 22,500 | [248] | |||||||||||||||||
Granada | 26,000 | 150,000 | 100,000 | 70,000 | [249] [250] [200] | ||||||||||||||
Hamburg | 8,000 | 15,000 – 20,000 | 40,000 – 60,000 – 100,000 | 63,000 – 75,000 | 117,000 – 130,000 | [171] [173] [177] [231] [191] [251] | |||||||||||||
Kyiv | 10,000 | 18,000 | [252] [253] | ||||||||||||||||
Lisbon | 35,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 | 60,000 – 70,000 – 120,000 | 120,000 – 140,000 | 200,000 | 237,000 | [209] [254] [255] [256] | ||||||||||||
London | 30,000 | 45,000 – 50,000 – 60,000 | 10,000 – 12,000 | 20,000 – 25,000 | 10,000 – 20,000 | 20,000 – 25,000 | 50,000 – 100,000 | 50,000 – 100,000 – 120,000 | 225,000 – 410,000 | 550,000 – 700,000 | 861,000 – 1,000,000 | [224] [257] [258] [259] [260] [261] [262] [263] [264] | |||||||
Lugdunum (Lyon) | 50,000 – 100,000 – 200,000 | 50,000 – 100,000 – 200,000 | 12,000 | 20,000 | 40,000 – 70,000 | 40,000 – 70,000 | 100,000 | 150,000 | [231] [265] [205] [266] [267] [268] [269] [270] | ||||||||||
Leuven | 45,000 | [271] | |||||||||||||||||
Lublin | 40,000 – 70,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||||
Lübeck | 6,000 | 24,000 | 30,000 – 37,000 | 32,000 | 24,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||
Madrid | 60,000 | 105,000 | 182,000 | [231] [191] [251] | |||||||||||||||
Magdeburg | 30,000 | 40,000 – 45,000 | [171] [230] | ||||||||||||||||
Marseille | 15,000 | 80,000 – 100,000 | 80,000 | 83,000 – 100,000 | [231] [191] [192] [251] [166] [170] | ||||||||||||||
Mainz | 15,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | 25,000 | 24,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 – 42,000 | [272] [166] [170] | |||||||||||
Messina | 100,000 | [190] [251] [273] | |||||||||||||||||
Milan | 30,000 – 40,000 | 40,000 | 100,000 | 90,000 | 200,000 | 125,000 | 100,000 | 180,000 | 113,000 | 122,000 – 250,000 | [50] [236] [274] [189] [191] [240] [251] [275] [276] [277] [278] [170] | ||||||||
Metz | 40,000 | 25,000 | 40,000 | [265] [269] [279] | |||||||||||||||
Montpellier | 30,000 – 40,000 | 15,000 | 40,000 | [265] [280] | |||||||||||||||
Moscow | 20,000 – 30,000 | 30,000 – 40,000 | 100,000 | 200,000 | 200,000 | 270,000 | [281] [282] | ||||||||||||
Narbonne | 20,000 | 30,000 – 50,000 | 31,000 | [187] [205] [166] [170] | |||||||||||||||
Naples | 30,000 | 50,000 | 30,000 | 30,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 | 200,000 | 350,000 | 207,000 | 500,000 | [236] [191] [205] [283] [284] [285] [286] [287] [288] [289] | |||||||||
Nimes | 40,000 – 60,000 | 40,000 | [265] [290] [291] [292] [293] | ||||||||||||||||
Nuremberg | 10,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 – 52,000 | 40,000 – 50,000 – 100,000 | 27,000 | [173] [175] [177] [251] [294] [295] [296] | ||||||||||||
Ostia Antica | 20,000 – 50,000 – 100,000 | 50,000 – 100,000 | [297] [298] [299] [300] [301] [302] | ||||||||||||||||
Ohrid | 40,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||||
Palermo | 60,000 – 350,000 | 150,000 | 150,000 | 50,000 | 100,000 | 124,000 | 135,000 | [303] [190] [191] [304] [256] | |||||||||||
Paris | 8,000 | 30,000 | 20,000 – 30,000 | 20,000 – 30,000 | 20,000 | 50,000 | 110,000 – 160,000 | 228,000 – 275,000 – 300,000 | 280,000 | 225,000 | 245,000 – 420,000 | 515,000 | 546,000 – 830,000 | [205] [224] [305] [306] [307] [265] [308] [309] [166] [310] | |||||
Padua | 25,000 – 40,000 | 25,000 – 40,000 | 25,000 – 40,000 | 40,000 | [166] [311] | ||||||||||||||
Philippi | 10,000 – 100,000 | [312] [167] | |||||||||||||||||
Pliska | 44,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||||
Plovdiv | 20,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||
Pozzuoli | 30,000 – 100,000 | [50] [313] [174] [170] | |||||||||||||||||
Pskov | 35,000 | 52,000 – 60,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||||||
Preslav | 60,000 | 60,000 | [314] | ||||||||||||||||
Prague | 10,000 [315] | 22,000 | 40,000 – 77,000 | 95,000 – 100,000 | 70,000 | 100,000 | 48,000 | 77,000 – 100,000 | [316] [191] [317] | ||||||||||
Regensburg | 25,000 | 40,000 | [274] [269] | ||||||||||||||||
Reims | 30,000 – 50,000 | 30,000 | [187] [265] | ||||||||||||||||
Rome | 1,000,000 – 1,650,000 | 1,000,000 | 1,200,000 | 1,100,000 | 100,000 | 90,000 | 40,000 – 50,000 | 50,000 | 30,000 | 20,000 | 50,000 – 55,000 | 90,000 – 110,000 | 120,000 – 150,000 | 150,000 | [150] [151] [152] [153] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [182] [215] [318] [319] [320] [321] [322] [323] [166] [170] | ||||
Ravenna | 50,000 | 50,000 | [184] | ||||||||||||||||
Rhodes | 40,000 | [167] | |||||||||||||||||
Rouen | 10,000 | 30,000 | 40,000 | 70,000 | 40,000 – 70,000 | 40,000 – 70,000 | 63,000 | 80,000 – 90,000 | [191] [265] [269] [270] [317] [324] [325] | ||||||||||
Saint Petersburg | 100,000+ | 220,000 – 425,000 | [192] [326] | ||||||||||||||||
Salerno | 50,000 | 50,000 | 30,000 | 4,000 | [205] [304] | ||||||||||||||
Smolensk | 20,000 – 30,000 – 40,000 | 25,000 | 50,000 | 64,000 | 40,000 | [327] [328] | |||||||||||||
Sarai | 100,00 – 600,000 | [329] | |||||||||||||||||
Speyer | 30,000+ | 30,000 | 20,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||
Seville | 90,000 | 150,000 | 25,000 | 100,000 – 300,000 | 80,000 | 96,000 | [330] [190] [191] [200] | ||||||||||||
Siena | 50,000 – 120,000 [331] | 25,000 | [332] | ||||||||||||||||
Stara Zagora | 35,000 | 30,000 | 40,000 | 38,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||||
Syracuse, Sicily | 80,000 – 90,000 | [189] [163] | |||||||||||||||||
Thessaloniki | 30,000 – 200,000 | 50,000 | 40,000 | 150,000 | 150,000 | 100,000 – 150,000 | 100,000 – 150,000 | [252] [333] [334] [335] [336] [337] [166] [167] | |||||||||||
Trakai | 50,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||||
Trnovo | 48,000 | 35,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||||||
Targoviste | 25,000 – 40,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 | 45,000 – 60,000 | [198] | |||||||||||||||
Trier | 70,000 – 80,000 – 100,000 | 70,000 – 80,000 – 100,000 | 15,000 | 20,000 | [205] [269] [338] [339] [340] [184] | ||||||||||||||
Toulouse | 20,000 | 40,000 | 50,000 | 30,000 | 40,000 | 24,000 | 50,000 | 43,000 | 50,000 | [341] [271] [265] [342] [343] [344] [345] | |||||||||
Venice | 60,000 | 80,000 | 110,000 – 180,000 | 110,000 – 150,000 | 100,000 – 170,000 | 200,000 | 140,000 | 140,000 | [236] [274] [238] [239] [346] | ||||||||||
Verona | 20,000 – 25,000 | 40,000 | [347] [348] | ||||||||||||||||
Veliky Novgorod | 10,000 – 15,000 – 18,000 | 20,000 – 30,000 – 40,000 | 50,000 – 60,000 – 400,000 | 50,000 | [349] [350] [351] [352] | ||||||||||||||
Vienna | 15,000 – 20,000 | 15,000 – 20,000 | 12,000 | 20,000 | 24,000 | 45,000 | 30,000 – 50,000 – 60,000 | 100,000 – 113,000 | 250,000 | [171] [177] [231] [191] [296] [208] [353] [354] | |||||||||
Worms | 28,000 – 60,000 | 20,000 | [198] | ||||||||||||||||
Ypres | 40,000 – 80,000 – 200,000 | 40,000 – 80,000 – 200,000 | [205] [201] [355] [356] [357] [358] [359] [360] | ||||||||||||||||
Zadar | 30,000 | [361] |
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City | Country | 430 B.C. | 200 B.C. | A.D. 100 | A.D. 361 | A.D. 500 | A.D. 622 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seville | Spain | 37–40,000 | 40,000 | ||||
London | United Kingdom | 30,000 | |||||
Syracuse | Italy | 125,000 | 100,000 | 51–60,000 | 45–50,000 | ||
Rome | Italy | 35,000 | 150,000 | 450,000 | 150,000 | 100,000 | 50,000 |
Milan | Italy | 30,000 | 40,000 | ||||
Athens | Greece | 155,000 | 75,000 | 75,000 | 50–60,000 | ||
Corinth | Greece | 70,000 | 70,000 | 50,000 | |||
Byzantium/ Constantinople | Turkey | 36,000 | 300,000 | 400,000 | 350,000 | ||
City | Country | 800 | 900 | 1000 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | 1250 | 1300 | 1350 | 1400 | 1450 | 1500 | 1550 | 1575 | 1600 | 1650 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
London | United Kingdom | 15,000 | 25,000 | 40,000 | 45,000 | 50,000 | 60,000 | 50,000 | 74,000 | 112,000 | 187,000 | 410,000 | |||||
Lisbon | Portugal | 15,000 | 15,000 | 15,000 | 35,000 | 45,000 | 55,000 | 60,000 | 55,000 | 62,000 | 85,000 | 100,000 | 170,000 | ||||
Córdoba | Spain | 160,000 | 200,000 | 450,000 | 60,000 | 60,000 | 60,000 | 40,000 | 36,000 | 30,000 | 32,000 | ||||||
Seville | Spain | 35,000 | 40,000 | 90,000 | 125,000 | 125,000 | 150,000 | 75,000 | 90,000 | 60,000 | 60,000 | 60,000 | 46,000 | 70,000 | 100,000 | 126,000 | 60,000 |
Granada | Spain | 60,000 | 60,000 | 60,000 | 75,000 | 90,000 | 60,000 | 90,000 | 165,000 | 70,000 | 70,000 | 60,000 | 68,000 | ||||
Madrid | Spain | 80,000 | 125,000 | ||||||||||||||
Paris | France | 25,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | 50,000 | 110,000 | 160,000 | 228,000 | 215,000 | 280,000 | 150,000 | 185,000 | 210,000 | 220,000 | 245,000 | 455,000 | |
Amsterdam | Netherlands | 48,000 | 165,000 | ||||||||||||||
Rome | Italy | 50,000 | 40,000 | 35,000 | 35,000 | 35,000 | 30,000 | 33,000 | 38,000 | 58,000 | 70,000 | 102,000 | 110,000 | ||||
Turin | Italy | 25,000 | 30,000 | 30,000 | 35,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 75,000 | 114,000 | 209,000 | 215,000 | 224,000 | 265,000 | |||
Milan | Italy | 25,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | 42,000 | 45,000 | 60,000 | 65,000 | 60,000 | 50,000 | 80,000 | 83,000 | 89,000 | 75,000 | 98,000 | 107,000 | 105,000 |
Palermo | Italy | 35,000 | 75,000 | 90,000 | 125,000 | 150,000 | 75,000 | 35,000 | 25,000 | 39,000 | 60,000 | 70,000 | 105,000 | 132,000 | |||
Venice | Italy | 35,000 | 45,000 | 55,000 | 60,000 | 70,000 | 90,000 | 110,000 | 85,000 | 110,000 | 100,000 | 115,000 | 171,000 | 157,000 | 151,000 | 134,000 | |
Copenhagen | Denmark | 15,000 | 22,000 | 30,000 | 40,000 | 55,000 | 76,000 | 80,000 | 84,000 | 90,000 | 110,000 | ||||||
Prague | Czech Republic | 25,000 | 35,000 | 35,000 | 33,000 | ||||||||||||
Constantinople/ Istanbul | Turkey | 250,000 | 300,000 | 300,000 | 200,000 | 200,000 | 150,000 | 100,000 | 100,000 | 80,000 | 75,000 | 45,000 | 200,000 | 660,000 | 680,000 | 700,000 | 700,000 |
Smolensk | Russia | 80,000 | 100,000 | 120,000 | |||||||||||||
Moscow | Russia | 30,000 | 80,000 | 75,000 | 60,000 | 80,000 | 100,000 | ||||||||||
City | Country | 1675 | 1700 | 1750 | 1775 | 1800 | 1825 | 1850 | 1862 | 1875 | 1900 | 1914 | 1925 | 1936 | 1950 | 1975 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
London | United Kingdom | 485,000 | 550,000 | 676,000 | 710,000 | 861,000 | 1,335,000 | 2,320,000 | 2,803,000 | 4,241,000 | 6,480,000 | 7,419,000 | 7,742,000 | 9,710,000 | 8,860,000 | 10,500,000 |
Lisbon | Portugal | 178,000 | 188,000 | 213,000 | 219,000 | 237,000 | 258,000 | 262,000 | 280,000 | 243,000 | 363,000 | 455,000 | 567,000 | 875,000 | 1,600,000 | |
Córdoba | Spain | 27,000 | 28,000 | 34,000 | 52,000 | |||||||||||
Seville | Spain | 80,000 | 68,000 | 96,000 | 83,000 | 117,000 | 148,000 | 212,000 | 383,000 | 685,000 | ||||||
Granada | Spain | 35,000 | 45,000 | 53,000 | 58,000 | 75,000 | ||||||||||
Madrid | Spain | 115,000 | 105,000 | 110,000 | 132,000 | 182,000 | 201,000 | 216,000 | 303,000 | 373,000 | 539,000 | 623,000 | 791,000 | 1,220,000 | 1,527,000 | 4,150,000 |
Paris | France | 540,000 | 530,000 | 556,000 | 600,000 | 547,000 | 855,000 | 1,314,000 | 1,800,000 | 2,250,000 | 3,330,000 | 4,000,000 | 4,800,000 | 5,950,000 | 5,900,000 | 9,400,000 |
Amsterdam | Netherlands | 195,000 | 210,000 | 219,000 | 209,000 | 195,000 | 196,000 | 225,000 | 268,000 | 289,000 | 510,000 | 601,000 | 718,000 | 859,000 | 1,800,000 | |
Rome | Italy | 105,000 | 138,000 | 146,000 | 148,000 | 142,000 | 125,000 | 158,000 | 194,000 | 251,000 | 438,000 | 570,000 | 758,000 | 1,155,000 | 1,665,000 | 3,600,000 |
Naples | Italy | 170,000 | 207,000 | 310,000 | 355,000 | 430,000 | 350,000 | 413,000 | 447,000 | 450,000 | 563,000 | 691,000 | 852,000 | 1,210,000 | 1,900,000 | |
Milan | Italy | 114,000 | 113,000 | 110,000 | 117,000 | 122,000 | 156,000 | 182,000 | 226,000 | 267,000 | 491,000 | 655,000 | 917,000 | 1,103,000 | 1,400,000 | 3,800,000 |
Palermo | Italy | 128,000 | 125,000 | 111,000 | 127,000 | 135,000 | 154,000 | 170,000 | 175,000 | 188,000 | 255,000 | 370,000 | 470,000 | 672,000 | ||
Venice | Italy | 138,000 | 143,000 | 158,000 | 151,000 | 146,000 | 99,000 | 141,000 | 171,000 | 226,000 | 354,000 | |||||
Berlin | Germany | 26,000 | 113,000 | 136,000 | 172,000 | 222,000 | 446,000 | 582,000 | 1,045,000 | 2,707,000 | 3,500,000 | 4,013,000 | 4,226,000 | 3,707,000 | 2,000,000 | |
Budapest | Hungary | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 309,208 | 733,385 | 880,371 | 960,995 | 1,060,431 | 1,629,000 | 2,026,543 |
Prague | Czech Republic | 48,000 | 58,000 | 77,000 | 98,000 | 117,000 | 474,000 | 670,000 | 745,000 | 951,000 | 1,275,000 | |||||
Copenhagen | Denmark | 30,000 | 181,000 | 571,000 | 1,140,000 | 3,300,000 | ||||||||||
Constantinople/ Istanbul | Turkey | 750,000 | 700,000 | 625,000 | 600,000 | 570,000 | 675,000 | 785,000 | 820,000 | 873,000 | 900,000 | 1,125,000 | 817,000 | 1,035,000 | 3,200,000 | |
Edirne | Turkey | 100,000 | 85,000 | 82,000 | 80,000 | 88,000 | 85,000 | |||||||||
Moscow | Russia | 105,000 | 114,000 | 146,000 | 177,000 | 248,000 | 257,000 | 373,000 | 346,000 | 600,000 | 1,120,000 | 1,805,000 | 1,764,000 | 4,050,000 | 5,100,000 | 10,700,000 |
Saint Petersburg | Russia | 74,000 | 164,000 | 220,000 | 438,000 | 502,000 | 565,000 | 764,000 | 1,439,000 | 2,133,000 | 1,430,000 | 2,983,000 | 2,700,000 | 4,280,000 | ||
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)Greek is an Indo-European language, constituting an independent Hellenic branch within the Indo-European language family. It is native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy, southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, Caucasus, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems.
Homer was an Ancient Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature. Homer is considered one of the most revered and influential authors in history.
Year 1260 (MCCLX) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
This is a timeline of Indian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in India and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of India. Also see the list of governors-general of India, list of prime ministers of India and list of years in India.
Hellenization is the adoption of Greek culture, religion, language, and identity by non-Greeks. In the ancient period, colonisation often led to the Hellenisation of indigenous peoples; in the Hellenistic period, many of the territories which were conquered by Alexander the Great were Hellenized.
Archaeology is the study of human activity in the past, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts and cultural landscapes.
Historiography is the study of how history is written. One pervasive influence upon the writing of history has been nationalism, a set of beliefs about political legitimacy and cultural identity. Nationalism has provided a significant framework for historical writing in Europe and in those former colonies influenced by Europe since the nineteenth century. Typically official school textbooks are based on the nationalist model and focus on the emergence, trials and successes of the forces of nationalism.
The following is a timeline of major events in post-classical history from the 5th to 15th centuries, loosely corresponding to the Old World Middle Ages, intermediate between Late antiquity and the early modern period.
The Palmyrene Empire was a short-lived breakaway state from the Roman Empire resulting from the Crisis of the Third Century. Named after its capital city, Palmyra, it encompassed the Roman provinces of Syria Palaestina, Arabia Petraea, and Egypt, as well as large parts of Asia Minor.
Paul Anthony Cartledge is a British ancient historian and academic. From 2008 to 2014 he was the A. G. Leventis Professor of Greek Culture at the University of Cambridge. He had previously held a personal chair in Greek History at Cambridge.
This article lists historical urban community sizes based on the estimated populations of selected human settlements from 7000 BC – AD 1875, organized by archaeological periods.
The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects.
Western culture, also known as Western civilization, European civilization, Occidental culture, Western society, or simply the West, refers to the internally diverse culture of the Western world. The term "Western" encompasses the social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies primarily rooted in European and Mediterranean histories. A broad concept, "Western culture" does not relate to a region with fixed members or geographical confines. It generally refers to the classical era cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome that expanded across the Mediterranean basin and Europe, and later circulated around the world predominantly through colonization and globalization.
The Achaeans were one of the four major tribes into which Herodotus divided the Greeks, along with the Aeolians, Ionians and Dorians. They inhabited the region of Achaea in the northern Peloponnese, and played an active role in the colonization of Italy, founding the city of Kroton. Unlike the other major tribes, the Achaeans did not have a separate dialect in the Classical period, instead using a form of Doric.
John Richard "Jaś" Elsner, is a British art historian and classicist, who is Professor of Late Antique Art in the Faculty of Classics at the University of Oxford, Humfry Payne Senior Research Fellow in Classical Archaeology and Art at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Visiting Professor of Art History at the University of Chicago. He is mainly known for his work on Roman art, including Late Antiquity and Byzantine art, as well as the historiography of art history, and is a prolific writer on these and other topics. Elsner has been described as "one of the most well-known figures in the field of ancient art history, respected for his notable erudition, extensive range of interests and expertise, his continuing productivity, and above all, for the originality of his mind", and by Shadi Bartsch, a colleague at Chicago, as "the predominant contemporary scholar of the relationship between classical art and ancient subjectivity".
Licinia Eucharis was an adolescent Ancient Roman stage actress, who died at the age of 14. According to the epitaph on her tomb, which was written by her father, she was a star of the Theatre of ancient Rome. She is one of the few ancient actresses known to have achieved fame and respect in her profession during the Roman Republic.
The Temple of Baalat Gebal was an important Bronze Age temple structure in the World Heritage Site of Byblos. The temple was dedicated to Ba'alat Gebal, the goddess of the city of Byblos, known later to the Greeks as Atargatis. Built in 2800 BCE, it was the largest and most important sanctuary in ancient Byblos, and is considered to be "one of the first monumental structures of the Syro-Palestinian region". Two centuries after the construction of the Temple of Baalat Gebal, the Temple of the Obelisks was built approximately 100m to the east.