List of largest European cities in history

Last updated

Over the centuries, cities in Europe have changed a great deal, rising and falling in size and influence. These tables give an idea of estimated population at various dates from the earliest times to the most recent:

Contents

Timeline: Neolithic–Bronze Age–Iron Age–ancient Greece–Roman Republic (7000–1 B.C.)

City70006500 – 60005000400038003000 – 25002000160013001000700600500 – 400300200100 – 1
Athens 10,000 – 15,0002,500 – 5,0005,000 – 10,00070,000 – 100,000 – 130,000150,000 – 350,000 – 610,000120,000 – 200,000 – 300,000 – 431,000100,000 – 200,000 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21]
Argos 600 – 1,2005,000 – 10,00030,000 – 60,000 [3] [14] [22] [23] [24] [25]
Aegina 20,000 – 40,000 [26]
Akrotiri 8,000 – 15,000 – 30,000 [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35]
Agrigento 200,000 – 800,000 [36] [37] [38] [39] [40]
Avaricum 40,000 [41]
Bibracte 30,000 [42]
Cerveteri 25,000 – 40,000 [43] [44] [45] [46] [47]
Capua 100,000300,000100,000 [48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53]
Choirokoitia 300 – 6002,000 [54] [55] [56] [57] [58] [59] [60]
Corinth 5,000 [61] 50,000 – 90,000 – 100,000 [62] [63] [64]
Crotone 50,000 – 80,000 [65]
Dobrovody 10,000 – 16,000 [66] [67]
Dimini 300 [68]
Durrington Walls 4,000 [69] [70] [71]
Fedorivka 6,000 [67]
Gournia 4,000 [72] [73]
Heuneburg 10,000 [74] [75] [76] [77]
Ischia 5,000 – 10,000 [78] [79] [80]
Knossos 1001,0001,300 – 2,00018,00020,000 – 40,000 – 100,00030,0005,000 – 10,000 [3] [14] [27] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87]
Lepenski Vir 150 – 1,000 [88] [89] [90] [91] [92] [93]
Mycenae 20,000 [94] 30,000 – 35,000 [87] [95]
Manika (Greece) 6000 – 15,000 [96] [97] [98] [99] [100] [101]
Malia 700 – 1,0005,000 – 10,000 – 12.500 [27]
Maidanetske 10,000 – 29,000 – 46,000 [66] [102] [103]
Nea Nikomedeia 500 – 700 [104]
Okolište 1000 – 3000 [102]
Palaikastro 18,000 [27] [105]
Populonia 25,000 – 40,000 [45] [46] [106] [107]
Tarquinia 20,000 – 25,000 – 40,000 [45] [46] [106] [107]
Vinča-Belo Brdo 2000 – 2500 [108] [109]
Veii 25,000 – 40,000 – 100,000 [45] [46] [106] [107] [110] [111] [112]
Volsinii 13,000 – 25,000 – 40,000 [45] [46] [106] [107]
Vulci 15,000 – 25,000 – 40,000 [45] [46] [106] [107]
Sesklo 3001000 – 5000 [113] [114] [115] [116] [117]
Sparta 40,000 – 50,000 [2] [118]
Syracuse, Sicily 200,000 – 800,000 – 1,200,000200,000 – 400,000 [40] [119] [120] [121] [122] [123] [124] [125]
Sybaris 100,000 – 300,000 [126] [65] [127] [128] [129] [130]
Solnitsata 350 [131] [132]
Tiryns 1,200 – 1,80010,00015,000 [133] [134] [62]
Nebelivka 17,000 [67]
Taranto 100,000 – 300,000 [53] [135] [136]
Talianky 15,000 – 30,000 [67] [137] [138] [139]
Thebes, Greece 4,000 – 6,0008,00030,000 – 60,000 [140] [141] [142] [143] [144]
Los Millares 1,000 – 2,300 [145] [146] [147]
Pavlopetri 5002,000 [148] [149]
Rome 3,145 – 7,40024,240 – 60,60080,000130,000250,000 – 300,000350,000500,000 – 1,000,000 [53] [150] [151] [152] [153] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [159] [160] [161]
Rhodes 100,000 – 200,000100,000 [20] [21] [162]

Timeline: Roman Empire–modern age (1–1800 A.D.)

City1 – 100200300400500600700800900100011001200130014001500160017001800
Agrigento 50,000 [163]
Athens 30,000 – 90,000110,00025,00035,000 – 50,00040,000 [164] [165] [166] [167]
Aquileia 12,000 – 100,000100,000 [168] [169] [170]
Augsburg 25,000 – 50,00025,000 – 50,00012,00050,00030,000 – 50,00045,000 – 50,000 – 100,00026,00028,000 – 32,000 [171] [172] [173] [174] [175] [176] [177]
Amalfi 80,000 [178]
Antwerp 5,00020,000100,000 – 200,00046,000 – 90,00075,000 [179] [180] [181] [182] [183]
Arles 75,000 – 100,000 [184] [185] [186]
Autun 40,000 – 100,000 [187] [188] [189]
Amsterdam 30,00065,000 – 100,000 – 175,000175,000 – 200,000 – 210,000195,000 – 201,000 [182] [190] [191] [192]
Barcelona 50,00060,000 – 70,000100,000 [192] [193] [194] [195]
Bruges 50,000125,000 – 200,000 [196] [197]
Bucharest 60,00050,000 [198]
Brussels 30,000100,000100,00070,000 [181] [191] [199]
Bordeaux 15,00030,000 – 40,00050,000100,000 [200] [201] [202] [166] [170]
Berlin 6,00012,00020,000172,000 [191] [203]
Bologna 35,00050,000 – 70,000 [166] [204] [205]
Bolgar 25,000 – 30,00050,000 [198]
Capua 30,000 [170]
Carnuntum 12,000 – 50,00050,00050,000 [206] [207] [208]
Cádiz 100,00087,000 [189] [209]
Corinth 100,000 – 200,000 – 700,00045,000 + in 856 AD. [210] [62] [211] [212] [213] [214]
Constantinople/
Istanbul 		12,000400,000400,000 – 800,000100,000 – 800,000100,000 – 800,000100,000 – 250,000500,000 – 1,000,000500,000300,000400,00070,000100,000400,000 – 660,000700,000300,000 – 700,000400,000 – 570,000 [215] [216] [217] [218] [219] [220] [221] [222] [223] [224] [166] [167]
Córdoba 45,000350,00060,000 [189] [204] [225]
Cologne 40,00040,00015,000 – 20,00021,00020,00021,000 – 50,00050,000 – 60,00050,000 – 60,00040,00045,00040,00050,000 [205] [226] [227] [228] [229] [230]
Gdańsk 30,00060,000 – 80,000 [171] [231]
Dublin 1,000 – 2,0004,000 – 5,00010,00020,00075,000200,000 [232] [233] [234] [235]
Edirne (Adrianople)10,00028,000125,000160,000 – 183,00093,000100,000 [198]
Feodosia 40,00085,000 – 88,00050,00040,00036,000 – 44,000 [198]
Florence 15,00050,000 – 60,00080,000 – 120,00070,00070,000 [236] [182] [205] [226] [237] [238]
Gela 30,000 [163]
Genoa 80,00050,000100,000100,00060,00070,00090,000 [236] [182] [205] [239] [240] [241]
Ghent 5,00010,00060,000 – 80,00070,000 – 80,00080,000 – 150,000 – 175,000 – 200,000 [180] [196] [242] [243] [244] [245] [246] [247] [193]
Gortyna 22,500 [248]
Granada 26,000150,000100,00070,000 [249] [250] [200]
Hamburg 8,00015,000 – 20,00040,000 – 60,000 – 100,00063,000 – 75,000117,000 – 130,000 [171] [173] [177] [231] [191] [251]
Kyiv 10,00018,000 [252] [253]
Lisbon 35,00050,000 – 60,00060,000 – 70,000 – 120,000120,000 – 140,000200,000237,000 [209] [254] [255] [256]
London 30,00045,000 – 50,000 – 60,00010,000 – 12,00020,000 – 25,00010,000 – 20,00020,000 – 25,00050,000 – 100,00050,000 – 100,000 – 120,000225,000 – 410,000550,000 – 700,000861,000 – 1,000,000 [224] [257] [258] [259] [260] [261] [262] [263] [264]
Lugdunum (Lyon)50,000 – 100,000 – 200,00050,000 – 100,000 – 200,00012,00020,00040,000 – 70,00040,000 – 70,000100,000150,000 [231] [265] [205] [266] [267] [268] [269] [270]
Leuven 45,000 [271]
Lublin 40,000 – 70,000 [198]
Lübeck 6,00024,00030,000 – 37,00032,00024,000 [198]
Madrid 60,000105,000182,000 [231] [191] [251]
Magdeburg 30,00040,000 – 45,000 [171] [230]
Marseille 15,00080,000 – 100,00080,00083,000 – 100,000 [231] [191] [192] [251] [166] [170]
Mainz 15,00020,00030,00025,00024,00020,00020,000 – 42,000 [272] [166] [170]
Messina 100,000 [190] [251] [273]
Milan 30,000 – 40,00040,000100,00090,000200,000125,000100,000180,000113,000122,000 – 250,000 [50] [236] [274] [189] [191] [240] [251] [275] [276] [277] [278] [170]
Metz 40,00025,00040,000 [265] [269] [279]
Montpellier 30,000 – 40,00015,00040,000 [265] [280]
Moscow 20,000 – 30,00030,000 – 40,000100,000200,000200,000270,000 [281] [282]
Narbonne 20,00030,000 – 50,00031,000 [187] [205] [166] [170]
Naples 30,00050,00030,00030,00050,000 – 60,000200,000350,000207,000500,000 [236] [191] [205] [283] [284] [285] [286] [287] [288] [289]
Nimes 40,000 – 60,00040,000 [265] [290] [291] [292] [293]
Nuremberg 10,00020,00020,00020,000 – 52,00040,000 – 50,000 – 100,00027,000 [173] [175] [177] [251] [294] [295] [296]
Ostia Antica 20,000 – 50,000 – 100,00050,000 – 100,000 [297] [298] [299] [300] [301] [302]
Ohrid 40,000 [198]
Palermo 60,000 – 350,000150,000150,00050,000100,000124,000135,000 [303] [190] [191] [304] [256]
Paris 8,00030,00020,000 – 30,00020,000 – 30,00020,00050,000110,000 – 160,000228,000 – 275,000 – 300,000280,000225,000245,000 – 420,000515,000546,000 – 830,000 [205] [224] [305] [306] [307] [265] [308] [309] [166] [310]
Padua 25,000 – 40,00025,000 – 40,00025,000 – 40,00040,000 [166] [311]
Philippi 10,000 – 100,000 [312] [167]
Pliska 44,000 [198]
Plovdiv 20,00020,00030,000 [198]
Pozzuoli 30,000 – 100,000 [50] [313] [174] [170]
Pskov 35,00052,000 – 60,000 [198]
Preslav 60,00060,000 [314]
Prague 10,000 [315] 22,00040,000 – 77,00095,000 – 100,00070,000100,00048,00077,000 – 100,000 [316] [191] [317]
Regensburg 25,00040,000 [274] [269]
Reims 30,000 – 50,00030,000 [187] [265]
Rome 1,000,000 – 1,650,0001,000,0001,200,0001,100,000100,00090,00040,000 – 50,00050,00030,00020,00050,000 – 55,00090,000 – 110,000120,000 – 150,000150,000 [150] [151] [152] [153] [154] [155] [156] [157] [158] [182] [215] [318] [319] [320] [321] [322] [323] [166] [170]
Ravenna 50,00050,000 [184]
Rhodes 40,000 [167]
Rouen 10,00030,00040,00070,00040,000 – 70,00040,000 – 70,00063,00080,000 – 90,000 [191] [265] [269] [270] [317] [324] [325]
Saint Petersburg 100,000+220,000 – 425,000 [192] [326]
Salerno 50,00050,00030,0004,000 [205] [304]
Smolensk 20,000 – 30,000 – 40,00025,00050,00064,00040,000 [327] [328]
Sarai 100,00 – 600,000 [329]
Speyer 30,000+30,00020,000 [198]
Seville 90,000150,00025,000100,000 – 300,00080,00096,000 [330] [190] [191] [200]
Siena 50,000 – 120,000 [331] 25,000 [332]
Stara Zagora 35,00030,00040,00038,000 [198]
Syracuse, Sicily 80,000 – 90,000 [189] [163]
Thessaloniki 30,000 – 200,00050,00040,000150,000150,000100,000 – 150,000100,000 – 150,000 [252] [333] [334] [335] [336] [337] [166] [167]
Trakai 50,000 [198]
Trnovo 48,00035,000 [198]
Targoviste 25,000 – 40,00050,000 – 60,00045,000 – 60,000 [198]
Trier 70,000 – 80,000 – 100,00070,000 – 80,000 – 100,00015,00020,000 [205] [269] [338] [339] [340] [184]
Toulouse 20,00040,00050,00030,00040,00024,00050,00043,00050,000 [341] [271] [265] [342] [343] [344] [345]
Venice 60,00080,000110,000 – 180,000110,000 – 150,000100,000 – 170,000200,000140,000140,000 [236] [274] [238] [239] [346]
Verona 20,000 – 25,00040,000 [347] [348]
Veliky Novgorod 10,000 – 15,000 – 18,00020,000 – 30,000 – 40,00050,000 – 60,000 – 400,00050,000 [349] [350] [351] [352]
Vienna 15,000 – 20,00015,000 – 20,00012,00020,00024,00045,00030,000 – 50,000 – 60,000100,000 – 113,000250,000 [171] [177] [231] [191] [296] [208] [353] [354]
Worms 28,000 – 60,00020,000 [198]
Ypres 40,000 – 80,000 – 200,00040,000 – 80,000 – 200,000 [205] [201] [355] [356] [357] [358] [359] [360]
Zadar 30,000 [361]

Data from Hohenberg and Lees (1985)

Data from Chandler (1987)

CityCountry430 B.C.200 B.C.A.D. 100A.D. 361A.D. 500A.D. 622
Seville Spain 37–40,00040,000
London United Kingdom 30,000
Syracuse Italy 125,000100,00051–60,00045–50,000
Rome Italy 35,000150,000450,000150,000100,00050,000
Milan Italy 30,00040,000
Athens Greece 155,00075,00075,00050–60,000
Corinth Greece 70,00070,00050,000
Constantinople Turkey 36,000300,000400,000350,000
CityCountry80090010001100115012001250130013501400145015001550157516001650
London United Kingdom 15,00025,00040,00045,00050,00060,00050,00074,000112,000187,000410,000
Lisbon Portugal 15,00015,00015,00035,00045,00055,00060,00055,00062,00085,000100,000170,000
Córdoba Spain 160,000200,000450,00060,00060,00060,00040,00036,00030,00032,000
Seville Spain 35,00040,00090,000125,000125,000150,00075,00090,00060,00060,00060,00046,00070,000100,000126,00060,000
Granada Spain 60,00060,00060,00075,00090,00060,00090,000165,00070,00070,00060,00068,000
Madrid Spain 80,000125,000
Paris France 25,00020,00030,00050,000110,000160,000228,000215,000280,000150,000185,000210,000220,000245,000455,000
Amsterdam Netherlands 48,000165,000
Rome Italy 50,00040,00035,00035,00035,00030,00033,00038,00058,00070,000102,000110,000
Turin Italy 25,00030,00030,00035,00040,00040,00040,00075,000114,000209,000215,000224,000265,000
Milan Italy 25,00020,00030,00042,00045,00060,00065,00060,00050,00080,00083,00089,00075,00098,000107,000105,000
Palermo Italy 35,00075,00090,000125,000150,00075,00035,00025,00039,00060,00070,000105,000132,000
Venice Italy 35,00045,00055,00060,00070,00090,000110,00085,000110,000100,000115,000171,000157,000151,000134,000
Copenhagen Denmark 15,00022,00030,00040,00055,00076,00080,00084,00090,000110,000
Prague Czech Republic 25,00035,00035,00033,000
Constantinople/
Istanbul 		Turkey 250,000300,000300,000200,000200,000150,000100,000100,00080,00075,00045,000200,000660,000680,000700,000700,000
Smolensk Russia 80,000100,000120,000
Moscow Russia 30,00080,00075,00060,00080,000100,000
CityCountry167517001750177518001825185018621875190019141925193619501975
London United Kingdom 485,000550,000676,000710,000861,0001,335,0002,320,0002,803,0004,241,0006,480,0007,419,0007,742,0009,710,0008,860,00010,500,000
Lisbon Portugal 178,000188,000213,000219,000237,000258,000262,000280,000243,000363,000455,000567,000875,0001,600,000
Córdoba Spain 27,00028,00034,00052,000
Seville Spain 80,00068,00096,00083,000117,000148,000212,000383,000685,000
Granada Spain 35,00045,00053,00058,00075,000
Madrid Spain 115,000105,000110,000132,000182,000201,000216,000303,000373,000539,000623,000791,0001,220,0001,527,0004,150,000
Paris France 540,000530,000556,000600,000547,000855,0001,314,0001,800,0002,250,0003,330,0004,000,0004,800,0005,950,0005,900,0009,400,000
Amsterdam Netherlands 195,000210,000219,000209,000195,000196,000225,000268,000289,000510,000601,000718,000859,0001,800,000
Rome Italy 105,000138,000146,000148,000142,000125,000158,000194,000251,000438,000570,000758,0001,155,0001,665,0003,600,000
Naples Italy 170,000207,000310,000355,000430,000350,000413,000447,000450,000563,000691,000852,0001,210,0001,900,000
Milan Italy 114,000113,000110,000117,000122,000156,000182,000226,000267,000491,000655,000917,0001,103,0001,400,0003,800,000
Palermo Italy 128,000125,000111,000127,000135,000154,000170,000175,000188,000255,000370,000470,000672,000
Venice Italy 138,000143,000158,000151,000146,00099,000141,000171,000226,000354,000
Berlin Germany 26,000113,000136,000172,000222,000446,000582,0001,045,0002,707,0003,500,0004,013,0004,226,0003,707,0002,000,000
Budapest Hungary --------309,208733,385880,371960,9951,060,4311,629,0002,026,543
Prague Czech Republic 48,00058,00077,00098,000117,000474,000670,000745,000951,0001,275,000
Copenhagen Denmark 30,000181,000571,0001,140,0003,300,000
Istanbul Turkey 750,000700,000625,000600,000570,000675,000785,000820,000873,000900,0001,125,000817,0001,035,0003,200,000
Edirne Turkey 100,00085,00082,00080,00088,00085,000
Moscow Russia 105,000114,000146,000177,000248,000257,000373,000346,000600,0001,120,0001,805,0001,764,0004,050,0005,100,00010,700,000
Saint Petersburg Russia 74,000164,000220,000438,000502,000565,000764,0001,439,0002,133,0001,430,0002,983,0002,700,0004,280,000

See also

References

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  2. 1 2 Ian Morris (12 December 2005). "The growth of Greek cities in the first millennium BC" (PDF). Retrieved 24 September 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 Storey, G. (2006). Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches. University of Alabama Press. p. 37. ISBN   978-0-8173-5246-2.
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  5. ↑ Schwartz, G.M.; Nichols, J.J. (2010). After Collapse: The Regeneration of Complex Societies. University of Arizona Press. p. 80. ISBN   978-0-8165-2936-0.
  6. ↑ "Urban History of Athens Presentation" (PDF). 9 December 2008. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
  7. ↑ Kellogg, D.L. (2013). Marathon Fighters and Men of Maple: Ancient Acharnai. OUP Oxford. p. 36. ISBN   978-0-19-166386-4.
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  11. ↑ Robert. "Greece, A History of Ancient Greece, Legacy". history-world.org. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
  12. ↑ "BBC – History – Ancient History in depth: The Democratic Experiment". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
  13. ↑ "The population of Sparta and Athens". ancientgreekbattles.net. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 24 September 2014.
  14. 1 2 3 Ian Morris (12 December 2005). "The collapse and regeneration of complex society in Greece, 1500-500 BC" (PDF). Retrieved 24 September 2014.
  15. ↑ Rocca, S. (2008). Herod's Judaea: A Mediterranean State in the Classical World. Coronet Books Incorporated. p. 333. ISBN   978-3-16-149717-9.
  16. ↑ Lathrop, D.; Ruma, L. (2010). Open Government: Collaboration, Transparency, and Participation in Practice . O'Reilly Media. p.  169. ISBN   978-1-4493-8880-5.
  17. ↑ Moreno, A. (2007). Feeding the Democracy: The Athenian Grain Supply in the Fifth and Fourth Centuries BC. OUP Oxford. ISBN   978-0-19-922840-9.
  18. ↑ Van Wees, H. (2013). Ships and Silver, Taxes and Tribute: A Fiscal History of Archaic Athens. I. B. Tauris. ISBN   978-1-78076-686-7.
  19. ↑ Kellogg, D.L. (2013). Marathon Fighters and Men of Maple: Ancient Acharnai. OUP Oxford. p. 37. ISBN   978-0-19-964579-4.
  20. 1 2 Keith Roberts (2013). The Origins of Business, Money and Markets. Columbia Business School Pub. ISBN   978-0-231-52685-2.
  21. 1 2 Beck, H. (2013). A Companion to Ancient Greek Government. Wiley. p. 55. ISBN   978-1-118-30318-4.
  22. ↑ Troy Dora P. Crouch Professor Emerita Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, NY (1993). Geology and Settlement : Greco-Roman Patterns: Greco-Roman Patterns. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 124. ISBN   978-0-19-535943-5.
  23. ↑ Diop, C.A.; Salemson, H.J.; De Jager, M. (1991). Civilization or Barbarism. L.M. Ngemi. p. 160. ISBN   978-1-55652-048-8.
  24. ↑ Blumberg, A. (1995). Great Leaders, Great Tyrants?: Contemporary Views of World Rulers who Made History. Greenwood Press. p. 242. ISBN   978-0-313-28751-0.
  25. ↑ Hall, J.M. (2013). A History of the Archaic Greek World, ca. 1200-479 BCE. Wiley. ISBN   978-1-118-34046-2.
  26. ↑ Hornblower, S.; Spawforth, A.; Eidinow, E. (2012). The Oxford Classical Dictionary. OUP Oxford. p. 16. ISBN   978-0-19-954556-8.
  27. 1 2 3 4 Castleden, R. (2002). Atlantis Destroyed. Taylor & Francis. p. 97. ISBN   978-1-134-70879-6.
  28. ↑ Freeman, C. (2014). Egypt, Greece, and Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean. OUP Oxford. p. 118. ISBN   978-0-19-150970-4.
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