List of largest cities

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The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.

Contents

Definitions

City proper (administrative)

List of largest cities
The municipality of Chongqing, China, whose administrative jurisdictional area is approximately the size of Austria, has the largest population of any city proper; over 70% of its residents live in rural areas.

A city can be defined by its administrative boundaries, otherwise known as city proper. UNICEF defines city proper as, "the population living within the administrative boundaries of a city or controlled directly from the city by a single authority." A city proper is a locality defined according to legal or political boundaries and an administratively recognised urban status that is usually characterised by some form of local government. [1] [2] [3] Cities proper and their boundaries and population data may not include suburbs. [4]

The use of city proper as defined by administrative boundaries may not include suburban areas where an important proportion of the population working or studying in the city lives. [4] Because of this definition, the city proper population figure may differ greatly from the urban area population figure, as many cities are amalgamations of smaller municipalities (Australia), and conversely, many Chinese cities govern territories that extend well beyond the core urban area into suburban and rural areas. [5] The Chinese municipality of Chongqing, which is the largest city proper in the world by population, comprises a huge administrative area of 82,403 km2, around the size of Austria. However, more than 70% of its 30-million population are actually agricultural workers living in a rural setting. [6] [7]

Urban area

A city can be defined as a conditionally contiguous urban area, without regard to territorial or other boundaries inside an urban area. UNICEF defines urban area as follows:

The definition of "urban" varies from country to country, and, with periodic reclassification, can also vary within one country over time, making direct comparisons difficult. An urban area can be defined by one or more of the following: administrative criteria or political boundaries (e.g., area within the jurisdiction of a municipality or town committee), a threshold population size (where the minimum for an urban settlement is typically in the region of 2,000 people, although this varies globally between 200 and 50,000), population density, economic function (e.g., where a significant majority of the population is not primarily engaged in agriculture, or where there is surplus employment) or the presence of urban characteristics (e.g., paved streets, electric lighting, sewerage).

According to Demographia, an urban area is a continuously built up land mass of urban development that is within a labor market (metropolitan area or metropolitan region) and contains no rural land. [8]

Metropolitan area

Tokyo, the world's largest city and metropolitan area Night in the Greater Tokyo Area ISS054.jpg
Tokyo, the world's largest city and metropolitan area

A city can be defined by the inhabitants of its demographic population, as by metropolitan area, or labour market area. UNICEF defines metropolitan area as follows:

A formal local government area comprising the urban area as a whole and its primary commuter areas, typically formed around a city with a large concentration of people (i.e., a population of at least 100,000). In addition to the city proper, a metropolitan area includes both the surrounding territory with urban levels of residential density and some additional lower-density areas that are adjacent to and linked to the city (e.g., through frequent transport, road linkages or commuting facilities).

In many countries, metropolitan areas are established either with an official organisation or only for statistical purposes. In the United States, metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB). [9] In the Philippines, metropolitan areas have an official agency, such as Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA), which manages Manila metropolitan area. [10] Similar agencies exist in Indonesia, such as Jabodetabekjur Development Cooperation Agency for Jakarta metropolitan area. [11]

List

There are 81 cities in the world with a population exceeding 5 million people, according to 2018 estimates by the United Nations. The UN figures include a mixture of city proper, metropolitan area, and urban area. [12]

See also

Notes

  1. For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than one core city, the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g. Dallas for Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex) or the best-known one (e.g. Manila for Metro Manila, instead of Quezon City).
  2. UN figures for each cities are varied between city proper, metropolitan area, and urban agglomeration. [12]
  3. Figures taken from official census when possible
  4. Figures taken from official census when possible
  5. Includes large areas Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama prefectures and smaller areas of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures.
  6. Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh urban areas and New Delhi.
  7. Includes Taicang
  8. Includes Francisco Morato
  9. Includes Kalyan and urban areas of Panvel, Bhiwandi and Vasai-Virar.
  10. Includes major cities of Kobe and Kyoto, collectively also known as Keihanshin area.
  11. Includes Bridgeport, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury, Waterbury and Twin Rivers urban areas.
  12. The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward its Metro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such as Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Pampanga and Batangas provinces.
  13. Includes the city of Foshan.
  14. Includes Tangerang, South Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi and Karawang.
  15. Included in Guangzhou
  16. Includes the city of Fushun.
  17. Includes the city of Fort Worth, collectively known as Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.
  18. Includes Pretoria
  19. Includes the city of Baltimore.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham</span> Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England

The Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham is a metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. It is named after its main settlement of Rotherham. The wider borough spans a larger area and covers the outlying towns of Maltby, Swinton, Wath-upon-Dearne, Dinnington. As well as the villages of Rawmarsh and Laughton. A large valley spans the entire borough and is referred to as the "Rother Valley".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Johor Bahru District</span> District of Malaysia in Johor

The Johor Bahru District is a district located in the southern part of Johor, Malaysia. The heavily suburban/suburbanizing district covers an area of 1,063.97 km2 (410.80 sq mi) and has a population of 1.71 million. The district capital is Johor Bahru City and the administrative capital is Iskandar Puteri City. The district borders Pontian District on the west, Kota Tinggi District on the east, Kulai District on the north and Straits of Johor to the south. The urban centres are divided into the cities of Johor Bahru, Iskandar Puteri and Pasir Gudang.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Primate city</span> Disproportionately largest city of a country or region

A primate city is a city that is the largest in its country, province, state, or region, and disproportionately larger than any others in the urban hierarchy. A primate city distribution is a rank-size distribution that has one very large city with many much smaller cities and towns and no intermediate-sized urban centers, creating a statistical king effect.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Core city</span> Largest or most important city of a metropolitan area

In urban planning, a historic core city or central city is the municipality with the largest 1940 population in the present metropolitan area. This term was retired by the US census bureau and replaced by the term principal city, which can include historic core cities and post-WWII cities. Metropolitan areas were no longer considered monocentric, but polycentric due to suburbanization of employment. A historic core city is not to be confused with the core of a metropolitan area which is defined as an urban area with a population of over 50,000 by the US census bureau.

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