Zhengzhou

Last updated

Zhengzhou
郑州市
Chengchow
Nickname(s): 
business city, green city
Motto(s): 
Partnership, Openness, Innovation, and Harmony (博大、开放、创新、和谐)
Zhengzhou
Location map of Zhengzhou, Henan.png
Location of Zhengzhou City; jurisdiction in Henan
China Northern Plain relief location map.png
Red pog.svg
Zhengzhou
Location in the North China Plain
China edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Zhengzhou
Zhengzhou (China)
Coordinates(Henan Provincial Hall of the People): 34°45′50″N113°41′02″E / 34.764°N 113.684°E / 34.764; 113.684
Country China
Province Henan
Established16th century BCE [lower-alpha 1]
City seat Zhongyuan
Subdivisions
Government
  Type Prefecture-level city
  Body Zhengzhou Municipal People's Congress
   CCP Secretary An Wei(安伟)
   Congress ChairmanZhou Fuqiang(周富强)
  MayorHe Xiong(何雄)
   CPPCC ChairmanDu Xinjun(杜新军)
Area
[1]
   Prefecture-level city 7,567 km2 (2,922 sq mi)
  Urban
1,284.89 km2 (496.10 sq mi)
  Metro
4,271.4 km2 (1,649.2 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 census) [2]
   Prefecture-level city 12,600,574
  Density1,700/km2 (4,300/sq mi)
   Urban
6,650,532
  Urban density5,200/km2 (13,000/sq mi)
   Metro
10,260,667
  Metro density2,400/km2 (6,200/sq mi)
GDP [3] [4]
   Prefecture-level city CN¥ 1,361 trillion
US$ 193 billion
  Per capitaCN¥ 104,754
US$ 14,866
Time zone UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
450000
Area code 371
ISO 3166 code CN-HA-01
License plate prefixes A V
Website www.zhengzhou.gov.cn

History

The Shang dynasty established Aodu (隞都) or Bodu (亳都) in Zhengzhou. [25] This prehistorical city had become abandoned as ruins long before the First Emperor of China in 260 BC. Since 1950, archaeological finds in a walled city in Eastern Zhengzhou have provided evidence of Shang dynasty settlements in the area around 1600 BC. [26] [27] Outside this city, remains of large public buildings and a complex of small settlements have been discovered. The site is generally identified with the Shang capital of Ao and is preserved in the Shang dynasty Ruins monument in Guanchen District.

The Shang, who continually moved their capital due to frequent natural disasters, left Ao at around 13th century BC. The site, nevertheless, remained occupied; Zhou (post-1050 BC) tombs have also been discovered. [28] Legend suggests that in the Western Zhou period (1111–771 BC) the site became the fief of a family named Guan . From this derives the name borne by the county ( xian ) since the late 6th century BC—Guancheng (City of the Guan). The city first became the seat of a prefectural administration in AD 587, when it was named Guanzhou. In 605 it was first called Zhengzhou—a name by which it has been known virtually ever since. [29]

The name Zhengzhou came from the Sui dynasty (AD 582), even though it was located in Chenggao, another town. The government moved to the contemporary city during the Tang dynasty. It achieved its greatest importance under the Sui (AD 581–618), Tang (618–907), and early Song (960–1127) dynasties, when it was the terminus of the New Bian Canal, which joined the Yellow River to the northwest. There, at a place called Heyin, a vast granary complex was established to supply the capitals at Luoyang and Chang'an to the west and the frontier armies to the north. In the Song period, however, the transfer of the capital eastward to Kaifeng robbed Zhengzhou of much of its importance.[ citation needed ]

In 1903 the BeijingHankou Railway arrived at Zhengzhou, and in 1909 the first stage of the Longhai Railway gave it an east–west link to Kaifeng and Luoyang; it later was extended eastward to the coast at Lianyungang, Jiangsu, and westward to Xi'an (Chang'an), Shaanxi, as well as to western Shaanxi. Zhengzhou thus became a major rail junction and a regional center for cotton, grain, peanuts, and other agricultural produce. [ citation needed ] Early in 1923 a workers' strike began in Zhengzhou and spread along the rail line before it was suppressed; a 14-story double tower in the center of the city commemorates the strike. On 10 June 1938, Chiang Kai-shek's National Revolutionary Army opened up the dikes retaining the Yellow River at Huayuankou between Zhengzhou and Kaifeng, in an effort to stem the tide of invading Japanese; however, the ensuing 1938 Yellow River flood also killed hundreds of thousands of Chinese. [30]

Zhengzhou also has a locomotive and rolling-stock repair plant, a tractor-assembly plant, and a thermal generating station. The city's industrial growth has resulted in a large increase in the population, coming predominantly from industrial workers from the north. A water diversion project and pumping station, built in 1972, has provided irrigation for the surrounding countryside. [ citation needed ] [31] The city has an agricultural university.

In July 2021, record breaking floods left over a million people displaced [32] and at least 300 people dead. [33]

Geography

Located just north of the province's centre and south of the Yellow River, Zhengzhou borders Luoyang to the west, Jiaozuo to the northwest, Xinxiang to the northeast, Kaifeng to the east, Xuchang to the southeast, and Pingdingshan to the southwest. With the land within its administrative borders generally sloping down from west to east, Zhengzhou is situated at the transitional zone between the North China Plain to the east and the Song Mountains and Xionger Mountains to the west, which are part of the greater Qinling range. The city centre is situated to the south of the middle reach of the Yellow River, where its valley broadens into the great plain. Zhengzhou is at the crossing point of the north–south route skirting the Taihang Mountains and the mountains of western Henan. The prefecture spans 34° 16' ~ 34° 58 N latitude and 112° 42' ~ 114° 14' E longitude, covering a total area of 7,567 square kilometres (2,922 sq mi), including the metropolitan area, which covers 1,284.89 km2 (496.1 sq mi), and the city centre, which occupies 709.69 square kilometres (274.0 sq mi). [34]

Jialu River, a tributary of the Huai River, flows through Zhengzhou Jialu River in Huiji District, Zhengzhou 2020050501.jpg
Jialu River, a tributary of the Huai River, flows through Zhengzhou

A section of the Yellow River passes by the northern edges of the urban area, extending 150.4 km (93.5 mi) within Zhengzhou prefecture. However, Jialu River, a secondary tributary of the Huai River, is Zhengzhou's main urban river and flood channel. [35] The Jialu enters Zhengzhou from Xinmi to the southwest, and turns to the southeast within the city. Mountains loom over the western counties of Gongyi and Dengfeng while the easternmost county of Zhongmu is a vast, fertile floodplain, with the counties in between being hilly transitions.

Climate

Zhengzhou experiences a monsoon-influenced, four-season humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa), with cool, dry winters and hot, humid summers. Spring and autumn are dry and somewhat abbreviated transition periods. The city has an annual mean temperature of 15.4 °C (59.7 °F), with the monthly 24-hour average temperature ranging from 1.0 °C (33.8 °F) in January to 27.8 °C (82.0 °F) in July. [36] The frost-free period lasts on average 220 days. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −17.9 °C (0 °F) on 2 January 1955, 27 December 1971 and 1 February 1990 to 43.0 °C (109 °F) on 19 July 1966. [37] [38]

Rainfall is primarily produced by the monsoonal low during summer; in winter, when the vast Siberian High dominates due to radiative cooling from further north, the area receives little precipitation. During the summer season, the city is also often affected by tropical depressions, which bring additional amounts of rain. The annual precipitation is about 630 millimetres (25 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 37 percent in January to 49 percent in April and May, the city receives 1,905 hours of sunshine per year, which is around 43% of the possible total. [36]

Zhengzhou
Zhengzhou (Chinese characters).svg
"Zhèngzhōu" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Climate data for Zhengzhou (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)21.0
(69.8)
25.2
(77.4)
29.2
(84.6)
37.2
(99.0)
38.5
(101.3)
42.3
(108.1)
43.0
(109.4)
40.1
(104.2)
38.1
(100.6)
34.6
(94.3)
27.0
(80.6)
25.6
(78.1)
43.0
(109.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)6.1
(43.0)
10.0
(50.0)
15.9
(60.6)
22.6
(72.7)
27.9
(82.2)
32.2
(90.0)
32.4
(90.3)
30.8
(87.4)
27.1
(80.8)
21.8
(71.2)
14.6
(58.3)
8.2
(46.8)
20.8
(69.4)
Daily mean °C (°F)1.0
(33.8)
4.3
(39.7)
10.1
(50.2)
16.6
(61.9)
22.3
(72.1)
26.7
(80.1)
27.8
(82.0)
26.4
(79.5)
21.8
(71.2)
16.1
(61.0)
8.9
(48.0)
3.1
(37.6)
15.4
(59.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−3
(27)
−0.3
(31.5)
4.9
(40.8)
10.8
(51.4)
16.5
(61.7)
21.3
(70.3)
23.8
(74.8)
22.6
(72.7)
17.4
(63.3)
11.4
(52.5)
4.4
(39.9)
−1.1
(30.0)
10.7
(51.3)
Record low °C (°F)−17.9
(−0.2)
−17.9
(−0.2)
−7.5
(18.5)
−1.4
(29.5)
3.1
(37.6)
10.3
(50.5)
15.1
(59.2)
13.2
(55.8)
5.0
(41.0)
−1.5
(29.3)
−13.1
(8.4)
−17.9
(−0.2)
−17.9
(−0.2)
Average precipitation mm (inches)10.1
(0.40)
12.8
(0.50)
19.3
(0.76)
37.0
(1.46)
58.1
(2.29)
65.1
(2.56)
139.1
(5.48)
137.4
(5.41)
78.2
(3.08)
38.9
(1.53)
27.2
(1.07)
8.1
(0.32)
631.3
(24.86)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)3.84.15.35.76.57.310.810.38.56.35.43.377.3
Average snowy days4.23.31.60.20000001.22.813.3
Average relative humidity (%)57575457575873767165625662
Mean monthly sunshine hours 117.0128.2167.9194.5211.8195.9166.1163.1147.3148.9136.4127.61,904.7
Percent possible sunshine 37414549494538404043444243
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration [36] [39] [40]
Source 2: Weather China [41]

In 2019, there were 177 good days in Zhengzhou, an increase of 9 days year-on-year, and 48.5% of the good days reached the standard. There were 24 days of heavy pollution, 9 days less than last year. [42]

2021 flood

On 20 July 2021, "The heaviest hour of rainfall ever reliably recorded in China crashed like a miles-wide waterfall over the city of Zhengzhou on July 20, killing at least 300 people, including 14 who drowned in a subway tunnel." Although an emergency alert was issued the day before the flood, businesses and subways remained open. [43] From 4pm to 5pm on 21 July, 7.95 inches of rain fell. A collapsed retaining wall allowed water to pour into subway tunnels. "The Chinese government now appears to be acknowledging missteps by local officials, as well as the possibility that severe weather events will become increasingly common." [44]

Administration and demography

Map including Zheng County (labeled as Zheng Xian 
CHENG-HSIEN (walled)) (AMS, 1955) Txu-oclc-10552568-ni49-8.jpg
Map including Zheng County (labeled as 鄭縣 CHENG-HSIEN (walled)) (AMS, 1955)

Zhengzhou is divided into 6 urban districts, 5 county-level cities and 1 county. These subdivisions are likely to undergo significant changes in the near future due to increasingly rapid urban expansion and urban planning.

The municipality is home to 8,626,505 inhabitants (2010 census) and 6,35 million in its built up area made of 6 urban and suburban districts, Xingyang and Xinzheng cities and now Zhongmu county largely being urbanized, making the city one of the main built-up areas of the province. [45]

Map
NameSimplified ChineseHanyu PinyinPopulation
(2010)
Area (km2)
City proper
Jinshui District 金水区Jīnshuǐ Qū1,588,611242
Erqi District 二七区Èrqī Qū712,597159
Huiji District 惠济区Hùijì Qū269,561206
Guancheng Hui District 管城回族区Guǎnchéng Huízú Qū645,888204
Zhongyuan District 中原区zhōngyuán Qū905,430195
Suburban
Shangjie District 上街区Shàngjiē Qū131,54064.7
Satellite cities
Xingyang 荥阳市xíngyáng Shì613,761908
Xinzheng 新郑市Xīnzhèng Shì758,079873
Dengfeng 登封市Dēngfēng Shì668,5921220
Xinmi 新密市Xīnmí Shì797,2001001
Gongyi 巩义市Gǒngyì Shì807,8571041
Rural
Zhongmu County 中牟县Zhōngmù Xiàn727,3891393

Main sights

Zhengzhou was the capital of China during the Shang dynasty. Parts of the Shang-era capital city wall that were built 3,600 years ago still remain in Downtown Zhengzhou (see Zhengzhou Shang City). [29] Zhengzhou maintains abundant cultural heritages that reflect its history as well as the culture of Henan Province. Zhengzhou Confucius Temple, initially built during the Eastern Han dynasty 1900 years ago, is one of the oldest Confucian Temples in China. Other important architectural heritage sites in the city center include Town God Temple and Erqi Memorial Tower.

One internationally known tourist attraction is the Shaolin Monastery (少林寺), which is in Dengfeng, about 90 kilometres (56 miles) southwest of downtown Zhengzhou (1.5 hours by coach). The Shaolin Monastery is not only known as one of China's most important Buddhist shrines, but also as the ancient centre of Chinese Kung-fu. Shaolin Monastery and its famed Pagoda Forest were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010. [46]

The Henan Museum is one of China's most important museums. It has a collection of more than 130,000 cultural objects includes exhibitions from prehistoric times (such as dinosaur fossils and prehistoric human remains) through to the modern era.

Zhengzhou's most developed and modern area is the Zhengdong New Area, which is in the eastern part of the city. It is home to some of the tallest skyscrapers in Zhengzhou, including the 280 metres (918.6 ft) tall Zhengzhou Greenland Plaza ("Big Corn"), which is one of the most prominent landmarks in Zhengzhou, and the twin towers of Zhengzhou Greenland Central Plaza (285 metres (935.0 ft)), which are currently the tallest skyscrapers in the city. The tallest structure in Zhengzhou is the 388-meter height Zhongyuan Tower, located on Hanghai East Road in the south of Zhengdong New Area. It is used as a television tower, with a revolving restaurant and an observation deck. The tower is among the tallest towers in the world.

Zhengzhou Zoo (郑州动物园) is located on Huayuan Road (花园路).

The newly built Zhengzhou Botanic Garden is at the western edge of Zhengzhou city.

Main attractions of Zhengzhou include:

Shaolin Temple (birthplace of Chinese Kung Fu) Shao Lin Si .jpg
Shaolin Temple (birthplace of Chinese Kung Fu)
Pagoda Forest at Shaolin Temple (Historical site) Pagoda Forest, Shaolin Temple - September 2011 (6169489040).jpg
Pagoda Forest at Shaolin Temple (Historical site)
The statues of the Yan Emperor and the Yellow Emperor at Zhengzhou Yellow River Scenic Area Yan Huang Er Di Ju Xing Su Xiang Zheng Mian Shi Jiao .JPG
The statues of the Yan Emperor and the Yellow Emperor at Zhengzhou Yellow River Scenic Area
Mausoleums of the Song dynasty (Historical site) 20130405 Yongzhao Mausoleum.jpg
Mausoleums of the Song dynasty (Historical site)
Kang Baiwan's Mansion (Historical site) Kang Baiwan's Mansion 20160925.jpg
Kang Baiwan's Mansion (Historical site)

Economy

Zhengzhou, along with Xi'an, Chengdu, Chongqing and Wuhan, are some of the most economically important cities in inland China. Zhengzhou is the economic center of the province and the surrounding areas such as southeastern Shanxi and southwestern Shandong. Due to its strategic location in one of the most populous areas in the world (nearly 100 million people in Henan alone) and in China's railway, road and aviation transport networks, Zhengzhou is increasingly attracting domestic and international investment as well as migrants from other areas, transforming the city into one of the largest economic centers in China. In 2018, total GDP of Zhengzhou was ¥1020 billion, [47] [48] ranked 17th in China. And in 2021, total GDP was ¥1269.1 billion, ranked 16th in China. [49]

Agriculture

By the end of 2006, Zhengzhou had a total population of over 7 million, of which 2.88 million lived in rural areas. [50] Its main products include apples, paulownia, tobacco, maize, cotton, and wheat. In addition, Zhengzhou also produces Yellow River carp, Zhengzhou watermelons, Xinzheng jujube, Xingyang dried persimmons, Guangwu Pomegranate and Zhongmu garlic, all of which are specialties that are rarely found outside the region.

Mining and manufacturing

Zhengzhou and the surrounding area have large reserves of coal and other minerals. Coal mining and electricity generation are traditionally important in the local economy.

Zhengzhou has been one of the major industrial cities in The People's Republic of China since 1949. The city's staple industry is textiles. Others manufactured items include tractors, locomotives, cigarettes, fertilizer, processed meats, agricultural machinery, and electrical equipment. Some high-tech companies in new material, electronics and biotechnology are also growing rapidly during the recently years, especially in the high-tech industrial park in the northwest of the city. [ citation needed ]

Services

The service industries of Zhengzhou include retail, wholesale, hospitality, finance, exhibition, transport and delivery, tourism, and education. With a number of domestic and international institutions having regional offices in the city, Zhengzhou is becoming the financial center in central China. Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange (ZCE) is one of the only four future exchanges (inc. Shanghai Futures Exchange and Dalian Commodity Exchange and China Financial Futures Exchange) in China and is becoming an important global player specialised in agricultural future exchange. Equipped with newly built facilities such as Zhengzhou International Conference and Exhibition Center. Third party logistics (3PL) in Zhengzhou has also been experiencing industrial boom during the past few years. As a transit and tourist center of Henan Province and central China, Zhengzhou is the center of Henan cuisine.

Economic development zones

Longzihu area, located in Jinshui District 20220522 Central Island of Longzihu 04.jpg
Longzihu area, located in Jinshui District

The Zhengdong New Area (Chinese :郑东新区), literally Eastern Zhengzhou New Area, similar to Hangzhou Bay New Area in Ningbo and Hengqin New Area in Zhuhai, is one of dozens of major economic zones that are currently developing in various regions of China. [55] Established in 2003 by the provincial and municipal governments, it has become the financial center of Henan province and one of the most rapidly growing areas of China.

Kisho Kurokawa, a Japanese world-renowned planner and architect, was appointed to design the overall planning scheme for Zhengdong New Area. [56] He brought in advanced ideas including ecological city, co-existing city, metabolic city and ring city ideas. The scheme won the "Prominent Award for City Planning Design" at the first session of Annual Meeting of the World Architects Alliance in 2002. [57] Zhengdong New Area is mainly constituted by the CBD area, the Longhu commercial and residential area, the Longzihu college area, and the Zhengzhou East railway station commercial area.

Industrial zones

Zhengzhou High & New Technology Industries Development Zone was established in 1988, and approved by the state Council of PRC to be a state development zone on Mar.6,1991. It was appraised to be advanced high tech zone of China respectively in 1993, 1998 and 2002. The Zone currently covers a total area of 18.6 square kilometres (7.2 square miles). An extension plan was approved by Zhengzhou Municipal Government, the various construction work started in 2004. Under the development strategy of "multiple parks in one zone", the Zone has been making great efforts to promote the development of software, information technologies, new materials, bio-pharmaceutical and photo-machinery-electronic industries. [58]

Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone was approved as state-level development zone on 13 February 2000. The zone has a developed area of 7 square kilometres (3 square miles) Industries encouraged include Electronics Assembly & Manufacturing, Telecommunications Equipment, Trading and Distribution, Biotechnology/Pharmaceuticals, Instruments & Industrial Equipment Production, Medical Equipment and Supplies, Shipping/Warehousing/Logistics and Heavy Industry. [59]

Zhengzhou (Henan) Export Processing Zone was established on 21 June 2002 with approval by the state council. Its planned area is 2.7 square kilometres (1.0 square mile). Zone A is located in Zhengzhou National Economic & technological Development Area and began to operate on 1 June 2004. The area of land developed is 0.893 square kilometres (0.345 square miles) at present. Zone B is located in Zhengzhou Airport Area and is adjacent to Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport on the north and it covers a planned area of 5 square km with bonded logistics zone, bonded processing zone and supporting industry zone, etc. [60]

Transportation

Zhengzhou is located in the central part of China and is a main national transport hub.

Public transit

Metro

A Zhengzhou Metro Line 12 train 20221218 Trainset 1203 of Zhengzhou Metro Line 12 at Zhengzhou CRRC-Sifang 02.jpg
A Zhengzhou Metro Line 12 train

The Zhengzhou Metro is a rapid transit metro rail network serving urban and suburban districts of Great Zhengzhou metropolitan. The Zhengzhou Metro system started operation on 28 December 2013. It currently has 5 lines in operation, creating a 134.1 km (83.3 mi) long network. The first two lines (Line 1 and Line 2) were approved by the National Development and Reform Commission in Feb. 2009. [61] Construction of the two lines started in 2009 and 2010, and were finished in 2013 and 2015 respectively. [62] The Chengjiao Line (planned to be part of Line 9), which is now in through operations with Line 2, allows the system to serve the Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport. A total of 21 metro lines have been planned to connect all areas in Great Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area. [63]

As of 2024, Zhengzhou Metro operates 9 inner-city metro lines (Line 1; Line 2; Line 3; Line 4; Line 5 Inner Ring; Line 5 Outer Ring; Line 6; Line 10; Line 12; and Line 14). In addition, the city operates two metro lines connecting to the suburbs (Suburban Line) and to the nearby Xuchang, a prefecture-level city (Zhengxü Line). Line 6, 7 and 8 is estimated to be opened by the end of 2024.

The Zhengzhou subway fares has a segmented pricing system. The starting price is 2 yuan ($0.28) for a ride of up to 6 kilometers. If the mileage exceeds 6 kilometers, the principle of "decreasing for further distances" will apply. Within the mileage of 6 to 13 kilometers, 1 yuan ($0.14) will be added for every 7 kilometers, and for 8 kilometers between 13 and 21 kilometers, 1 yuan ($0.14) will be added. For each additional 9 kilometers above 21 kilometers, an additional 1 yuan ($0.14) is added. Riders can use cash, a physical metro card, or QR code payment available on Alipay or WeChat apps to pay for the ride.


Bus

Yutong E12DD double-decker electric buses of Zhengzhou Bus at depot E12DD buses at Depot, 20180610 111448.jpg
Yutong E12DD double-decker electric buses of Zhengzhou Bus at depot

Zhengzhou has a bus system with over 5,700 bus vehicles, operated by the Zhengzhou Bus Communication Corporation (ZZB). [64]

The operations of Zhengzhou Bus Rapid Transit commenced in 2009. The system consists of 5 main routes (B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6) with dedicated bus lanes and dozens of branch routes that serve most areas of the city.[ citation needed ]

Railways

Zhengzhou East railway station, the main high-speed railway station in the city 20211221 Zhengzhoudong Railway Station.jpg
Zhengzhou East railway station, the main high-speed railway station in the city
Zhengzhou North Classification Yard serves as the major transition hub of China Railway system 20220608 Zhengzhoubei Railway Station.jpg
Zhengzhou North Classification Yard serves as the major transition hub of China Railway system

Zhengzhou is the junction of the Longhai Railway (Lianyungang, JiangsuLanzhou, Gansu) and the Beijing–Guangzhou Railway as well as a major national railway hub. [65] The main railway station for these conventional services is Zhengzhou railway station, opened in 1904.

Zhengzhou is also on the Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway and the Xuzhou–Lanzhou High-Speed Railway. The high-speed rail network provides fast train services to most major cities in China, including Beijing (2.5 hours), Guangzhou (6 hours), Xi'an (2 hours), Wuhan (2 hours), Shanghai (4 hours), Nanjing (3 hours), Hangzhou (5 hours), and Hong Kong (6.5 hours). Proposed high-speed railways from Zhengzhou to Chongqing, Hefei, Jinan and Taiyuan are under construction.

The completion of the Zhengzhou–Jinan high-speed railway, planned for 2023, will complete a star-shaped (referred to as a "米"-shaped) network of eight high-speed lines radiating out from the city. [66]

Zhengzhou is also the hub of intercity railways in Henan. Currently there are three intercity railways from Zhengzhou: Zhengzhou–Kaifeng intercity railway, Zhengzhou–Jiaozuo intercity railway and Zhengzhou–Xinzheng Airport intercity railway are in operation.

Zhengzhou East railway station is dedicated to high-speed trains and is one of the largest in Asia and Zhengzhou Hangkonggang railway station is a new high-speed railway hub dedicated to Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone.

Zhengzhou North railway station  [ zh ], over 6,000 metres (20,000 ft) long and over 800 metres (2,600 ft) wide, has been described as Asia's largest classification yard. [67]

Aion S taxi in Zhengzhou 20230302 Aion S taxi in Zhengzhou.jpg
Aion S taxi in Zhengzhou

Roads and expressways

Zhongzhou Avenue and Nongye Expressway interchange Zhongzhou Avenue and Nongye Expressway Interchange 02.jpg
Zhongzhou Avenue and Nongye Expressway interchange

The surrounding area of Zhengzhou, along with the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the Bohai Economic Rim, has the highest highway density nationwide. Zhengzhou is the center of Henan expressway network that provides 1–2 hours road trip to surrounding cities of Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Xuchang, Jiaozuo and Luoyang. Other major cities within the province can be reached in 3 hours. The expressway network and national highways also links Zhengzhou to all major cities in the country.

There are several limited access express roads in the city center to relieve traffic problems. However, heavy congestion is still common in rush hours.

Expressways

National highways

Urban express roads

Air

The sign of Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone (ZAEZ) at Yingbin Elevated Road ZAEZ gate.jpg
The sign of Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone (ZAEZ) at Yingbin Elevated Road

Zhengzhou is primarily served by Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport (IATA: CGO, ICAO: ZHCC), which is 37 km (23 mi) southeast of the city center.

The airport is a focus city of China Southern Airlines, Lucky Air, West Air and Shenzhen Airlines. It used to be the headquarter for Henan Airlines. In 2017, it was the busiest airport in central China in both passenger and cargo traffic. [68] It is also one of the eight air hubs nominated by the Civil Aviation Administration of China.

Other airports in Zhengzhou include Shangjie Airport (IATA: HSJ) which is for general aviation, and Matougang Airbase which is for military use.

Colleges and universities

Songshan Hall of Zhengzhou Normal University in March 2019 Songshan Hall of Zhengzhou Normal University 20190315.jpg
Songshan Hall of Zhengzhou Normal University in March 2019

Public

Military

Private

Notable people

Portrait of Zichan Zi Chan.jpg
Portrait of Zichan

Politics

The current mayor is He Xiong  [ zh ] from January 2022. [70]

Statue of Mao Zedong in Zhengzhou Mao Zhu Xi Su Xiang  - panoramio.jpg
Statue of Mao Zedong in Zhengzhou

List of the CPC Party Chiefs of Zhengzhou:

  1. Gu Jingsheng (谷景生): October 1948 – December 1948
  2. Wu Defeng (吴德蜂): December 1948 – June 1949
  3. Zhao Wucheng (赵武成): June 1949 – April 1953
  4. Song Zhihe (宋致和): April 1953 – August 1956
  5. Wang Lizhi (王黎之): August 1956 – January 1968
  6. Wang Hui (王辉): March 1971 – January 1974
  7. Zhang Junqing (张俊卿): January 1974 – December 1977
  8. Yu Yichuan (于一川): December 1977 – December 1979
  9. Li Baoguang (李保光): December 1979 – May 1983
  10. Jiang Jinfei (蒋靳非): May 1983 – September 1984
  11. Yao Minxue (姚敏学): September 1984 – August 1987
  12. Cao Lei (曹磊): August 1987 – July 1990
  13. Song Guochen (宋国臣): July 1990 – May 1992
  14. Zhang Deguang (张德广): May 1992 – December 1995
  15. Wang Youjie (王有杰): December 1995 – June 2001
  16. Li Ke (李克): June 2001– January 2006
  17. Wang Wenchao  [ zh ] (王文超): January 2006 — July 2010
  18. Lian Weiliang  [ zh ] (连维良): July 2010 — December 2012
  19. Wu Tianjun (吴天君): December 2012 — May 2016
  20. Ma Yi  [ zh ] (马懿): May 2016 — June 2019
  21. Xu Liyi (徐立毅): June 2019 — January 2022
  22. An Wei  [ zh ] (安伟): January 2022 —

Sister cities

Zhengzhou is twinned with:

CountryCitySince
Flag of Japan.svg Japan Flag of Saitama, Saitama.svg Saitama City 12 October 1981 [71]
Flag of the United States.svg United States Seal of Richmond, Virginia.svg Richmond, Virginia 14 September 1994 [72]
Flag of Romania.svg Romania ROU CJ Cluj-Napoca CoA.png Cluj-Napoca 9 April 1995 [73]
Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea Jinju 25 July 2000 [74]
Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia Mariental, Namibia COA.svg Mariental 27 August 2001 [75]
Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan Irbid 31 January 2002 [76]
Flag of Russia.svg Russia Coat of Arms of Samara (Samara oblast).png Samara 11 April 2002 [77]
Flag of Brazil.svg Brasil BrasaoJoinville.svg Joinville 17 November 2003 [78]
Flag of Germany.svg Germany DEU Schwerin COA.svg Schwerin 12 April 2006 [79]
Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria Emblem of Shumen.svg Shumen 27 April 2007 [80]
Flag of Belarus.svg Belarus Coat of Arms of Mahilou.svg Mogilev 12 June 2014 [81]

See also

Notes

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henan</span> Province of China

Henan is an inland province of China. Henan is home to many heritage sites, including the ruins of Shang dynasty capital city Yin and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the historical capitals of China, Luoyang, Anyang, Kaifeng and Zhengzhou, are in Henan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luoyang</span> City in Henan, China

Luoyang is a city located in the confluence area of the Luo River and the Yellow River in the west of Henan province. Governed as a prefecture-level city, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast. As of December 31, 2018, Luoyang had a population of 6,888,500 inhabitants with 2,751,400 people living in the built-up area made of the city's five out of six urban districts and Yanshi District, now being conurbated. By the end of 2022, Luoyang Municipality had jurisdiction over 7 municipal districts, 7 counties and 1 development zone. The permanent population is 7.079 million.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kaifeng</span> City in Henan, China

Kaifeng is a prefecture-level city in east-central Henan province, China. It is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China, having been the capital eight times in history, and is most known for having been the Chinese capital during the Northern Song dynasty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanyang, Henan</span> Prefecture-level city in Henan, Peoples Republic of China

Nanyang is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Henan province, China. The city with the largest administrative area in Henan, Nanyang borders Xinyang to the southeast, Zhumadian to the east, Pingdingshan to the northeast, Luoyang to the north, Sanmenxia to the northwest, the province of Shaanxi to the west, and the province of Hubei to the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xinxiang</span> Prefecture-level city in Henan, Peoples Republic of China

Xinxiang is a prefecture-level city in northern Henan province, China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xinzheng</span> County-level city in Henan, Peoples Republic of China

Xinzheng is a county-level city of Henan Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou, the provincial capital. The city has a population of 600,000 people and covers an area of 873 square kilometres (337 sq mi), 15 km2 (5.8 sq mi) of which is urban.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport</span> Airport serving Zhengzhou, Henan, China

Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport is an international airport serving Zhengzhou, the capital of South Central China’s Henan province.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jiaozuo</span> Prefecture-level city in Henan, Peoples Republic of China

Jiaozuo is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of Henan province, China. Sitting on the northern bank of the Yellow River, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the south, Xinxiang to the east, Jiyuan to the west, Luoyang to the southwest, and the province of Shanxi to the north. Jiaozuo is one of the core cities of the Central Plains urban agglomeration and a regional central city along the Shanxi–Henan border area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yuzhou, Henan</span> County-level city in Henan, Peoples Republic of China

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhengzhou Metro</span> Rapid transit network in Zhengzhou, Henan, China

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhengzhou East railway station</span> Railway station in Zhengzhou, China

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The history of Zhengzhou, a city that is today the provincial capital of Henan Province, China, spans over 10,000 years from its beginnings as a Neolithic settlement to its emergence as a trading port during the final years of the Qing dynasty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Plains Metropolitan Region intercity railway</span> Railway network in Zhengzhou, China

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhengzhou–Xinzheng Airport intercity railway</span> Railway line in Zhengzhou, China

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xinzheng Airport railway station</span> Railway station in Zhengzhou, China

Xinzheng Airport railway station is an underground railway station on Zhengzhou–Xinzheng Airport Intercity Railway in Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">S1 Zhengzhou Airport Expressway</span> Road in Henan, China

The Zhengzhou Airport Expressway, designated as S1 in Henan's expressway system, is 26.4-kilometre-long expressway (16.4 mi) in Zhengzhou, Henan, China. The expressway connects Zhengzhou city center to Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">S82 Zhengzhou–Minquan Expressway</span> Expressway in Henan, China

The Zhengzhou–Minquan Expressway, often referred to as Zhengmin Expressway and designated as S82 in Henan's expressway system, is 120.6-kilometre (74.9 mi) long regional expressway in Henan, China. The expressway connects Zhengzhou and Minquan County.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone</span> Place in Henan, Peoples Republic of China

Zhengzhou Airport Economy Zone, abbreviated as ZAEZ, is an airport-based economy zone developed around Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport in Henan, People's Republic of China. It is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the southeast of Zhengzhou, and covers an area of 415 square kilometres (160 sq mi).

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Zhengzhou Hangkonggang railway station is a railway station in Zhongmu County, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Henan floods</span> 2021 floods in Henan, China

China's Henan Province experienced flooding between 17 and 31 July 2021 as a result of heavy rainfall. On July 20, Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, recorded 201.9 millimetres (7.95 in) of rainfall within an hour, the highest ever figure recorded since measurements began in 1951. On 2 August 2021, provincial authorities reported 302 deaths, and over 50 missing people. Later, government investigations led to conclude that provincial officials had “deliberately impeded and withheld reports of up to 139 cases”, and that the full death toll was 398. The floods caused the evacuation of 815,000 people, and affected 14.5 million people around the province. The intensity of the floods was believed to have been amplified by extreme weather caused by climate change.

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