Sanya 三亚市 | |
---|---|
City of Sanya | |
Coordinates(Sanya municipal government): 18°15′12″N109°30′13″E / 18.25333°N 109.50361°E | |
Country | China |
Province | Hainan |
Government | |
• CPC Municipal Secretary | Jiang Sixian |
Area | |
1,919.58 km2 (741.15 sq mi) | |
• Urban | 1,919.58 km2 (741.15 sq mi) |
• Metro | 1,315.3 km2 (507.8 sq mi) |
Population (2020 census) | |
1,031,396 | |
• Density | 540/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
• Urban | 1,031,396 |
• Urban density | 540/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
• Metro | 801,020 |
• Metro density | 610/km2 (1,600/sq mi) |
GDP [1] | |
• Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 83.5 billion US$ 12.9 billion |
• Per capita | CN¥ 79,100 US$ 12,261 |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 572100 |
Area code | 0898 |
ISO 3166 code | CN-HI-02 |
Licence plate prefixes | 琼B |
Website | sanya.gov.cn |
Sanya | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Simplified Chinese | 三亚 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 三亞 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Postal | Samah | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Literal meaning | Third below the second | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Sanya [a] is the southernmost city on Hainan Island,and one of the four prefecture-level cities of Hainan Province in South China.
According to the 2020 census,the total population of Sanya was 1,031,396 inhabitants, [2] living in an area of 1,919.58 km2 (741.15 sq mi). Nevertheless,its built-up (or metro) area encompassing Haitang and Jiyang Districts was home to 801,020 inhabitants as of 2020.
The city is renowned for its tropical climate and has emerged as a popular tourist destination,also serving as the training site of the Chinese national beach volleyball team. Sanya is home to small concentrations of Utsul people. Sanya is also the location of Yulin Naval Base,a major military facility on the South China Sea which is home to the People's Liberation Army Navy ballistic nuclear missile fleet.
Known in ancient times as Yazhou,postal romanization:Aichow (崖州),literally "cliff state or prefecture",Sanya's history dates to the Qin dynasty (221–206 BCE). Due to its remoteness from the political centers during the Qin dynasty,Sanya was sometimes called Tianya Haijiao (天涯海角),meaning "the end of the sky and ocean" or "the end of the earth". As a result,the city served as a place of exile for officials who found themselves out of favor with the country's rulers.
During the Tang dynasty,a Buddhist monk accidentally landed here,using the site as a staging post on his missionary journey to Japan. [3]
In 1912,Yazhou became Yaxian (Yai-hsien) (崖县;postal:Aihsien).
In 1958,administration of Yaxian relocated from Yacheng to Sanya and Yaxian merged with Baoting,Lingshui,Niulou,and Xinglong,Wanning,to become a large county. In 1959 and 1961,these areas were separated to establish Baoting and Lingshui while Yaxian County remained in its current prefecture. Approved by the State Council of China,Yaxian was upgraded to Sanya City on 26 September 1987 and Sanya City was officially established on 30 December 1987. [4]
In 2007,the Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee announced that the city of Sanya would become the first leg of the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay in China. [5]
Sanya lies at the southern tip of Hainan Island on Sanya Bay. Located at 18°15' N latitude,Sanya is–after Sansha (also administered by Hainan Province)–the second-southernmost prefecture-level city nationally. Though the administrative area (Sanya City) has a rough topography,the city itself is generally flat,lying on a parcel of land between low-level mountains to the north and the South China Sea.
The city is one of the many coastal cities in China most at risk due to rapidly rising sea levels. [6]
The area has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw), [7] featuring hot weather all year around. Monsoonal influences are strong,with a relatively lengthy wet season and a pronounced dry season. The coolest month is January,with an average high temperature of 26.9 °C (80.4 °F),while the hottest,unlike much of the rest of China,is June,with an average high temperature of 32.5 °C (90.5 °F);the mean annual high temperature is 30.2 °C (86.4 °F). Water temperatures remain above 22 °C (72 °F) year-round. [8]
Since meteorological records began,the average annual temperature in Sanya has warmed in fluctuations. Taking 2024 as an example,the average annual temperature in Sanya is 27.1 °C (80.8 °F),0.6 °C higher than the average from 1991 to 2020,with the average temperature of the coldest month (December) being 23.2 °C (73.8 °F) and the hottest month (August) being 29.9 °C (85.8 °F).
Climate data for Sanya (1991–2020 normals,extremes 1951–2000) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 30.4 (86.7) | 31.0 (87.8) | 33.2 (91.8) | 34.5 (94.1) | 35.4 (95.7) | 35.9 (96.6) | 34.5 (94.1) | 34.3 (93.7) | 35.5 (95.9) | 33.7 (92.7) | 32.6 (90.7) | 31.9 (89.4) | 35.9 (96.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.6 (79.9) | 27.3 (81.1) | 29.1 (84.4) | 31.1 (88.0) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.5 (90.5) | 32.0 (89.6) | 31.9 (89.4) | 31.7 (89.1) | 30.9 (87.6) | 29.6 (85.3) | 27.3 (81.1) | 30.2 (86.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 22.3 (72.1) | 23.1 (73.6) | 25.2 (77.4) | 27.4 (81.3) | 29.1 (84.4) | 29.5 (85.1) | 28.9 (84.0) | 28.6 (83.5) | 28.0 (82.4) | 27.0 (80.6) | 25.4 (77.7) | 23.1 (73.6) | 26.5 (79.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) | 20.6 (69.1) | 22.8 (73.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.2 (79.2) | 25.4 (77.7) | 24.2 (75.6) | 22.7 (72.9) | 20.4 (68.7) | 23.9 (75.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | 5.1 (41.2) | 11.0 (51.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 19.1 (66.4) | 19.8 (67.6) | 21.3 (70.3) | 22.1 (71.8) | 21.8 (71.2) | 20.1 (68.2) | 14.7 (58.5) | 7.9 (46.2) | 7.1 (44.8) | 5.1 (41.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 6.5 (0.26) | 13.0 (0.51) | 21.4 (0.84) | 52.3 (2.06) | 132.8 (5.23) | 173.5 (6.83) | 212.6 (8.37) | 234.9 (9.25) | 251.0 (9.88) | 268.6 (10.57) | 71.0 (2.80) | 15.6 (0.61) | 1,453.2 (57.21) |
Average precipitation days (≥0.1 mm) | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 10.0 | 14.0 | 13.8 | 16.0 | 17.0 | 13.5 | 6.6 | 3.7 | 111.1 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 84.3 | 85.8 | 83.9 | 80.4 | 76.0 | 73.8 | 72.0 | 73.5 | 79.5 | 81.8 | 82.0 | 82.8 | 79.6 |
Average ultraviolet index | 9 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 11 |
Source 1:China Meteorological Administration [9] [10] | |||||||||||||
Source 2:Weather China (extremes) [11] Weather Atlas [12] |
Climate data for Sanya Phoenix International Airport (ZJSY) (2024) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 31.0 (87.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.0 (89.6) | 34.0 (93.2) | 36.0 (96.8) | 34.0 (93.2) | 34.0 (93.2) | 34.0 (93.2) | 35.0 (95.0) | 34.0 (93.2) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.0 (89.6) | 36.0 (96.8) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.1 (82.6) | 29.8 (85.6) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.6 (90.7) | 31.4 (88.5) | 32.9 (91.2) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 29.4 (84.9) | 27.2 (81.0) | 30.5 (87.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.5 (74.3) | 24.3 (75.7) | 26.2 (79.2) | 29.1 (84.4) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.9 (85.8) | 29.1 (84.4) | 29.9 (85.8) | 28.3 (82.9) | 27.4 (81.3) | 25.5 (77.9) | 23.2 (73.8) | 27.1 (80.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) | 21.1 (70.0) | 23.6 (74.5) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 27.2 (81.0) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.0 (78.8) | 24.5 (76.1) | 22.3 (72.1) | 20.4 (68.7) | 24.5 (76.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) | 18.0 (64.4) | 19.0 (66.2) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 23.0 (73.4) | 21.0 (69.8) | 16.0 (60.8) | 14.0 (57.2) | 14.0 (57.2) |
Average relative humidity (%) | 69 | 75 | 77 | 78 | 81 | 85 | 84 | 83 | 85 | 79 | 75 | 66 | 78 |
Source:Weather archive in Sanya Phoenix Airport,METAR |
Before 30 July 2014,there was direct jurisdiction over four county-level districts and two township-level subdistricts (乡级管理区;xiāngjíguǎnlǐqū),six towns (镇;zhèn) and four state-run farms in Sanya City. Now there are four districts in Sanya.
Map | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
District | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010 census) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
Jiyang | 吉阳区 | Jíyáng Qū | 257,061 | 372 | 691.02 |
Tianya | 天涯区 | TiānyáQū | 269,935 | 944 | 285.94 |
Haitang | 海棠区 | Hǎitáng Qū | 76,562 | 255 | 300.24 |
Yazhou | 崖州区 | Yázhōu Qū | 160,000 | 347 | 460.10 |
In recent years Sanya has become a popular tourist destination. Numerous international five star hotel chains are now established in the area. In 2009,the luxury Mandarin Oriental,Sanya hotel opened in the Dadong Hai area,the first Mandarin Oriental property on Hainan Island. There are now over 100 hotels,ranging from international brands to locally managed resorts.
Russian and English signs can be seen throughout the city. In response to claims of over-charging of tourists (whether foreign or Chinese) at restaurants in the city, [13] Hainan government officials and Sanya city officials have vowed to crack down on the practice. [14] The Sanya Industrial and Commercial Bureau has implemented a real-time information system of the city's seafood restaurants during the May Day holiday for public supervision in order to stop any future price gouging by restaurants.
Sanya also hosts the Guanyin of Nanshan,that is located within the Nanshan Temple (Sanya).
Nature reserves of Yalong Bay Tropical Paradise Forest Park (亚龙湾热带天堂森林公园) and Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve (三亚珊瑚礁国家级自然保护区) are located nearby Yalong Bay,and Yalong Bay National Tourism Holiday Resort was created. In recent years,as the waters of Sanya Bay and others below mentioned are becoming clearer and healthier,several species of dolphins,including endangered Chinese white dolphins,appear along the coasts from time to time. However,they have not been considered as targeted tourism attractions. [15] [16]
The city is served by Sanya Phoenix International Airport. Taxis are available throughout the city.
Buses from other parts of Hainan serve Sanya's bus terminal. The No. 8 bus connects the airport to Dadonghai Beach. From there tourists can take the 24 or 25 bus to Yalong Bay or the 28 bus to Haitang Bay. There is also a free bus from Luhuitou Square to the Duty-Free Shopping Center at Haitang Bay,the largest such center in China.
The Hainan East Ring Intercity Rail links Sanya and Haikou and runs along the east coast of Hainan Island. There are 15 stations in between,either in operation or still under construction. Trains are designed to travel at 250 km/h (160 mph). Travel time from Sanya to Haikou is approximately 1 hour and 22 minutes. The Hainan Western Ring High-Speed Railway,running along the west coast of the province also links Sanya to Haikou.
Sanya's tram service began trial operation on 7 January 2019. [17] Trams are composed of five carriages with a maximum seating capacity of 362 people. In built up and urbanised areas,the maximum speed of the tram is 50 km/h. The current tram route begins at Sanya Railway Station and finishes at Jiangang Road Station,which is currently the southernmost railway station in China. Full operation of the first line started on 10 October 2020.
There are a total of 54 hospitals in Sanya as of March 2019,both public hospitals funded by the state and private hospitals. There are also numerous clinics for doing annual health-checks,which are usually brands of national chains in China,such as Ciming Healthcheck.[ citation needed ]
Hainan 301 Hospital,a branch hospital of People's Liberation Army General Hospital,is located in the Haitang Bay area of Sanya. [18] The hospital possesses a substantial number of state-of-the-art equipment for medical and research purposes which include a Da Vinci surgical system,different MIR system (including 1.5T MRI 3.0T MRI),Helical CT facilities (including 128-Slices CT),medical linear accelerator and electronic microscopes which are worth more than 450 million yuan. The hospital has 500 patient beds,and a total of 74 clinical,medical and nursing departments.[ citation needed ]
Sanya Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (三亚市中医院) is located on Fenghuang Road. [19] It is a grade-A tertiary hospital offering medical care,education,research,healthcare services and International Chinese Medicine exchange and cooperation.[ citation needed ]
The Sanya area of Hainan offers a free trade port offering opportunities for overseas service providers to enter the local market,and it is actively developing its commercial health services industry to promote medical tourism. A pilot project was approved by the People's Republic of China State Council in 2013 called the Boao Lecheng International Medical Tourism Pilot Zone,also known by 2024 as Boao Hope City, [20] as the only medical tourism special zone in China. Specialist medical services as well as specially licensed drugs are available in the zone. The importation of medical technologies and equipment,or drugs approved for marketing outside of China but not yet approved in China,may be used in the pilot zone with special approval of state authorities. The zone is likewise available for trials and testing. Lecheng received approximately 300,000 medical tourists in 2023,and also served some 28,000 persons who reside in the zone. [21] [22]
Sanya University (三亚学院) Located at Xueyuan Rd.,Yingbin Ave. Sanya Hainan 572022. Sanya University is an independent undergraduate university. The university has fourteen schools:Social Development,Law,Finance and Economics,Management,Tourism Management,Humanities and Communication,Arts,Foreign Languages,Engineering,Physical Education,General Education &Foundation Courses,International Tourism,International Education and Music,and other,and offers 56 undergraduate majors. [23]
Qiongzhou University (琼州大学) is located at 1 Yucai Road. The only public university located in Sanya,Qiongzhou is actively pursuing more foreign enrollments,hoping to attract Chinese tourism and language students to the city. [24] Courses offered to international students are:elementary Chinese,intermediate Chinese,advanced Chinese (listening,speaking,reading and writing),English,Russian (listening,speaking,reading and writing),Chinese calligraphy and painting,Chinese martial arts,Chinese history,studies of Li and Miao Cultures,tourism and recreational management,and music performance.
The city government states on its website that "Being the second-largest city in Hainan,the education in Sanya is relatively better than the average level in Hainan Province" but that the kindergartens are not as good as those in major Chinese cities and that the primary and secondary schools are still below the Chinese national average. [25]
According to the city government,Primary schools No.7 and No.9 are the best in the city and that Bayi Primary School "is also of good quality". [25] The city government identifies the best lower secondary (junior high school) and upper secondary (senior high school) institutions as Sanya Shiyan Middle School and Sanya No.1 High School,respectively. [25]
The International School of Sanya (formerly Canadian International School of Sanya) is the first school to offer two programs:Canadian and Mandarin,in Hainan. The school has announced its relocation to the BanShanBanDao -Serenity Coast (半山半岛) residential area in August 2014,where the new campus will offer pre-K. day students and boarding facilities for students.[ citation needed ]
The city has hosted:
Country | City | Date |
---|---|---|
United States | Alhambra,California | 1994.10.05 |
Philippines | Lapu-Lapu | 1997.07.19 |
France | Cannes | 1997.11.17 |
South Korea | Seogwipo | 2008.04.04 |
Mexico | Cancún | 2010.08.10 |
Russia | Khabarovsk | 2011.11.28 |
United Kingdom | Blackpool | 2016.09.06 |
Malaysia | George Town,Penang | 2017 [30] |
Croatia | Dubrovnik | 2013 [31] |
Hainan is an island province and the southernmost province of China. It consists of the eponymous Hainan Island and various smaller islands in the South China Sea under the province's administration. The name literally means "South of the Sea".
Yalong Bay is a 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) beach located in southeast Sanya, Hainan, China. It is also known as the Yalong Bay National Resort. The eastern part of the bay is occupied by PLA Navy as the East Section of Yulin Naval Base.
The Danzhou dialect, locally known as Xianghua, is a Chinese variety of uncertain affiliation spoken in the area of Danzhou in northwestern Hainan, China. It was classified as Yue in the Language Atlas of China, but in more recent work, it is treated as an unclassified southern variety.
Sanya Bay is one of the five major bays in Sanya City, Hainan Province, China. Located at the southern coast of Hainan, directly south of Sanya city, it has a 22 km beach. It is bordered by a peninsula at the east side. Within the bay are two islands called Xidao and Dongdao. The artificial resort Phoenix Island is located in the bay near the eastern end of the beach.
Haitang Bay is one of the five major bays in Sanya, Hainan Province, China.
The Hainan Island Ring Expressway, officially the Hainan Region Ring Expressway and designated G98, is a 612.8-kilometre-long orbital expressway (380.8 mi) that encircles the island of Hainan in the People's Republic of China.
The Hainan eastern ring high-speed railway is a high-speed railway on Hainan Island. It is operated by China Railway Guangzhou Group. Opened in December 2010, the railway links the capital Haikou at the northern end of the province, and goes alongside the eastern coastline to reach the resort city of Sanya in the southernmost region of the island. The railway share the end points with the Hainan western ring high-speed railway, which together creates a closed loop spanning 653 kms, as well as the world’s first circular high-speed railway, and allows passengers to travel around Hainan island in about 3 hours.
Sanya railway station is the station of the Hainan eastern ring high-speed railway and the Hainan western ring railway in Hainan Island of China. The southernmost railway station in China, it serves Sanya, the main city on the southern coast of Hainan.
Luobi Cave is a karst cave under the west face of Yin Ridge (印岭) located 7 km (4.3 mi) north east of Lizhigou Town (荔枝沟镇), 15 km (9.3 mi) from Sanya City, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China.
Wuzhizhou Island is located off the coast of Hainan Province, China. This 1.48 square kilometre island is situated within Haitang Bay, approximately 30 kilometres northeast of Sanya, between Nanwan Monkey Island to the north, and Yalong Bay to the south.
The Hainan western ring high-speed railway is a high-speed railway operated by China Railway Guangzhou Group in Hainan Province. It started operation on 30 December 2015.
Mai or Maihua is a variety of Chinese of uncertain affiliation spoken in the area of 崖县 Yáxiàn (Sanya) in southern Hainan, China. It was classified as Yue in the Language Atlas of China. Ouyang, Jiang & Zou (2019) consider Mai to be a divergent Yue Chinese variety with Hakka and other mixed influences. There are just over 10,000 speakers of Mai in southern Hainan.
Haitang District is a county-level district under the jurisdiction of the city of Sanya, Hainan province, China. The district was established on 12 February 2014.
The International School of Sanya is an international school in the Serenity Coast (半山半岛) area of Sanya, Hainan, China. It serves levels nursery through grade 12. There are currently three streams: a Nursery-Grade 12 international stream (TIS); an English/Chinese (50/50) program with American curriculum (SLS); and the Nursery-Grade 12 Chinese stream ("local"), a program using Chinese curriculum. Its campus has 33,000 square metres (360,000 sq ft) of space. Its governing organization is called Haiya Education Group, which own the TIS campus, and another kindergarten campus, "Golden Sun Kindergarten".
Sanya Hongtangwan International Airport is an airport planned to be built to serve the city of Sanya in Hainan Province, China. It would be located on an artificial island in Hongtang Bay, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Sanya. Construction began in 2017, and the airport was expected to be opened in December 2020. However the same year, the project was suspended pending a new environmental assessment following complaints from Chinese environmental agency Friends of Nature. In 2020, part of the construction of the artificial island was deemed illegal, and further land reclamation was halted. In the new plans, the land reclamation was reduced by 0.9 km2 (0.35 sq mi).
The Sixth Asian Beach Games is due to be held in Sanya, China. Sanya would be the second Chinese city to host the Asian Beach Games, after Haiyang 2012.
The Yalong Bay Forest Park Glass Bridge (三亚亚龙湾森林公园玻璃栈道) is a glass bridge overlooking Yalong Bay, in Sanya, Hainan, China. It is located in the Yalong Bay Tropical Paradise Forest Park, is 400-meters-long, and is a tourist attraction.
Tong Daochi is a former Chinese politician who served as Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary of Sanya between November 2018 and October 2020. He was a member of the Standing Committee of the Hainan Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. He was investigated by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection in November 2020.
The Sanya Tram is a tram operating in Jiyang District, Sanya, Hainan, China.
Wang Yong is a former Chinese politician who spent his entire career in both Shandong and Hainan provinces. He was investigated by China's top anti-graft agency in July 2020. Previously he served as vice-chairman of the Hainan Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC). He entered the workforce in January 1973, and joined the Chinese Communist Party in July 1976. He was a delegate to the 12th National People's Congress.