Parts of this article (those related to demographic data are 10-16 years old) need to be updated.(September 2020) |
Langfang 廊坊市 | |
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Coordinates(Langfang municipal government): 39°32′18″N116°41′01″E / 39.5383°N 116.6835°E | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Province | Hebei |
Settled | 1948 |
Established | September 13, 1988 |
Municipal seat | Guangyang District |
Area | |
• Prefecture-level city | 6,417.28 km2 (2,477.73 sq mi) |
• Urban | 961.8 km2 (371.4 sq mi) |
• Metro | 961.8 km2 (371.4 sq mi) |
Population (2020 census) [1] | |
• Prefecture-level city | 5,464,087 |
• Density | 850/km2 (2,200/sq mi) |
• Urban | 1,147,591 |
• Urban density | 1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi) |
• Metro | 1,147,591 |
• Metro density | 1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi) |
GDP [2] | |
• Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 281 billion US$ 42.7 billion |
• Per capita | CN¥ 60,769 US$9,000 |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
ISO 3166 code | CN-HE-10 |
License Plate Prefix | 冀R |
Website | lf |
Langfang | |||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 廊坊 | ||||||
Literal meaning | "assistant minister's dwelling" | ||||||
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Langfang is a prefecture-level city of Hebei Province,and was known as Tianjin Prefecture until 1973. It was renamed Langfang Prefecture after Tianjin became a municipality and finally upgraded into a prefecture-level city in 1988. Langfang is located approximately midway between Beijing and Tianjin. At the 2020 census,the population of Langfang was 5,464,087,of whom 1,147,591 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Guangyang and Anci districts;its total area is around 6,417.28 km2 (2,477.73 sq mi). Langfang borders Baoding to the southwest,Cangzhou to the south (both prefecture-level cities of Hebei),Beijing to the north and Tianjin to the east. Sanhe City and Dachang Hui County are now conurbated with Beijing,so that they form part of the same built-up area. Langfang is the smallest prefecture-level city of Hebei Province by land area.
Langfang consists of 2 county-level districts,2 county-level cities,5 counties,1 autonomous county,and one economic development zone (开发区).
Map | |||||
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Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2004 est.) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
Anci District | 安次区 | ĀncìQū | 350,000 | 595 | 588 |
Guangyang District | 广阳区 | Guǎngyáng Qū | 410,000 | 313 | 1,310 |
Bazhou City | 霸州市 | Bàzhōu Shì | 570,000 | 784 | 727 |
Sanhe City | 三河市 | SānhéShì | 480,000 | 643 | 747 |
Gu'an County | 固安县 | Gù'ān Xiàn | 390,000 | 697 | 560 |
Yongqing County | 永清县 | Yǒngqīng Xiàn | 370,000 | 774 | 478 |
Xianghe County | 香河县 | XiānghéXiàn | 310,000 | 458 | 677 |
Dacheng County | 大城县 | Dàchéng Xiàn | 460,000 | 910 | 505 |
Wen'an County | 文安县 | Wén'ān Xiàn | 460,000 | 980 | 769 |
Dachang Hui Autonomous County | 大厂回族自治县 | Dàchǎng Huízú Zìzhìxiàn | 110,000 | 176 | 625 |
Development area:
Considering Langfang's position between these two prominent cities,it is a relatively green city. Every 300 to 500 m (980 to 1,640 ft) along the city's major streets are parks where local people stroll and take exercise. Langfang's five-kilometer long pedestrian street is now the longest in China.[ citation needed ] On the other hand,air pollution is a severe problem and in 2013 it was ranked among the 10 worst cities in China for air pollution,along with 6 other cities in Hebei including Xingtai,Shijiazhuang,Baoding,Handan,Hengshui and Tangshan,are among China's 10 most polluted cities. [3]
The "Northern Three Counties of Langfang City " exclave,separated from the rest of the province,is a part of Langfang City. The exclave comprises Sanhe County-level city,Xianghe County,and Dachang Hui Autonomous County and is located between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
Climate data for Langfang (1991–2020 normals,extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.4 (57.9) | 19.6 (67.3) | 30.4 (86.7) | 33.2 (91.8) | 39.1 (102.4) | 39.7 (103.5) | 40.3 (104.5) | 37.0 (98.6) | 35.0 (95.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 14.1 (57.4) | 40.3 (104.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) | 6.2 (43.2) | 13.4 (56.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 27.5 (81.5) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.9 (89.4) | 30.8 (87.4) | 26.8 (80.2) | 19.7 (67.5) | 10.4 (50.7) | 3.6 (38.5) | 18.7 (65.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) | 0.1 (32.2) | 7.1 (44.8) | 14.8 (58.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 25.0 (77.0) | 26.9 (80.4) | 25.7 (78.3) | 20.7 (69.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 4.7 (40.5) | −1.7 (28.9) | 12.9 (55.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.8 (18.0) | −4.7 (23.5) | 1.6 (34.9) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.8 (58.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 22.6 (72.7) | 21.5 (70.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 8.2 (46.8) | 0.2 (32.4) | −5.7 (21.7) | 7.9 (46.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −21.8 (−7.2) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −11.2 (11.8) | −3.0 (26.6) | 5.0 (41.0) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 12.7 (54.9) | 3.7 (38.7) | −5.5 (22.1) | −13.7 (7.3) | −19.5 (−3.1) | −21.8 (−7.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.6 (0.10) | 5.7 (0.22) | 6.7 (0.26) | 23.6 (0.93) | 34.8 (1.37) | 77.3 (3.04) | 164.2 (6.46) | 122.0 (4.80) | 52.8 (2.08) | 29.5 (1.16) | 14.3 (0.56) | 2.3 (0.09) | 535.8 (21.07) |
Average precipitation days (≥0.1 mm) | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 9.2 | 11.4 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 63.8 |
Average snowy days | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 9.7 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 50 | 48 | 45 | 47 | 52 | 61 | 74 | 76 | 70 | 63 | 59 | 53 | 58 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 173.6 | 180.2 | 226.3 | 247.0 | 275.2 | 243.2 | 215.3 | 219.6 | 214.0 | 199.7 | 165.5 | 165.7 | 2,525.3 |
Percent possible sunshine | 57 | 59 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 55 | 48 | 52 | 58 | 59 | 56 | 57 | 57 |
Source:China Meteorological Administration [4] [5] |
On June 26,1900,during the Boxer Movement,belligerent European forces heading towards Beijing were stopped by Boxers at the Battle of Langfang,and were defeated and forced to turn back to Tianjin. The Chinese forces were victorious. [6]
It was the site of another battle during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Langfang's economy emphasizes computers and technology and manufacturing. To that effect Langfang is home to an Export Processing Zone,an area for factories,and the Oriental University City,a 4-billion yuan investment that began construction in 1999,where some 30 universities enroll about 50,000 students.
There are two national oil and gas companies based in Langfang. The China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau,the primary builder of pipelines in China,and the ENN Group,a natural gas company,are both based in the city. [7]
The Langfang Export Processing Zone (Langfang EPZ) was established by the State Council in 2005. It has a planned area of 0.5 km2 and commenced operation in October 2008. It is the only state-level development zone in Langfang. Langfang EPZ is located in the Langfang Economic and Technical Development Zone (Langfang ETDZ),which is a province-level development zone. It is 38 km (24 mi) from Beijing's third ring-road,and 50 km (31 mi) from down-town Tianjin. It is 60 km (37 mi) from Beijing Capital International Airport,and 70 km (43 mi) from Tianjin Binhai International Airport,airports which are China's first and twelfth largest airports in terms of cargo transport,respectively. The nation's fourth largest seaport,Tianjin Port,is 105 km (65 mi) from Langfang EPZ. [8]
Part of the Beijing Daxing International Airport ( IATA :PKX, ICAO :ZBAD) is located in Guangyang District of Langfang. It is also only a one-hour drive from Beijing Capital International Airport ( IATA :PEK, ICAO :ZBAA) and the Tianjin New Port.
The Guangyang railway station serves the older Beijing–Shanghai railway,while the newer Langfang railway station opened in July 2011 as the penultimate stop on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway. [9]
Tianjin is a municipality and metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea. As such,it is not part of a province of China. It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China,with a total population of 13,866,009 inhabitants at the time of the 2020 Chinese census. Its metropolitan area,which is made up of 12 central districts,was home to 11,165,706 inhabitants and is also the world's 29th-largest agglomeration and 11th-most populous city proper.
Hebei is a province in North China. Hebei is China's sixth most-populous province,with over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. The province is 96% Han Chinese,3% Manchu,0.8% Hui,and 0.3% Mongol. Varieties of Chinese spoken include Jilu Mandarin,the Beijing dialect of Mandarin,and Jin Chinese.
Qinhuangdao is a port city on the coast of China in northern Hebei. It is administratively a prefecture-level city,about 300 km (190 mi) east of Beijing,on the Bohai Sea,the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea. Its population during the 2020 national census was 3,136,879,with 1,881,047 people living in the built-up area made up of four urban districts.
Shijiazhuang is the capital and most populous city of China's Hebei Province. A prefecture-level city about 266 kilometres (165 mi) southwest of Beijing,it administers eight districts,three county-level cities and eleven counties.
Tangshan is a coastal,industrial prefecture-level city in the northeast of Hebei province. It is located in the eastern part of Hebei Province and the northeastern part of the North China Plain. It is located in the central area of the Bohai Rim and serves as the main traffic corridor to the Northeast. The city faces the Bohai Sea in the south,the Yan Mountains in the north,Qinhuangdao across the Luan River to the east,and Tianjin to the west.
Baoding is a prefecture-level city in central Hebei province,approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) southwest of Beijing. As of the 2010 census,Baoding City had 11,194,382 inhabitants,of which 2,176,857 lived in the metropolitan area made of 4 out of 5 urban districts:Lianchi,Jingxiu,Qingyuan,and Mancheng all of which are largely conurbated. Baoding is among 13 Chinese cities with a population of over 10 million,ranking seventh. Zhuozhou City in the northern part has now grown into part of the Beijing metro area.
Chengde,formerly known as Jehol and Rehe,is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province,situated about 225 kilometres (140 mi) northeast of Beijing. It is best known as the site of the Mountain Resort,a vast imperial garden and palace formerly used by the Qing emperors as summer residence. The permanent resident population is approximately 3,473,200 in 2017.
Cangzhou is a prefecture-level city in eastern Hebei province,People's Republic of China. At the 2020 census,Cangzhou's built-up area made of Yunhe,Xinhua districts and Cang County largely being conurbated had a population of 1,421,843 inhabitants,while the prefecture-level administrative unit in total has a population of 7,300,783. It lies approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) from the major port city of Tianjin,and 180 km (110 mi) from Beijing.
Tongzhou is a district of Beijing. It is located in southeast Beijing and considered the eastern gateway to the nation's capital. Downtown Tongzhou itself lies around 20 km (12 mi) east of central Beijing,at the northern end of the Grand Canal and at the easternmost end of Chang'an Avenue. The entire district covers an area of 906 km2 (350 sq mi),or 6% of Beijing's total area. It had a population of 673,952 at the 2000 Census,and has seen significant growth and development since then,growing to a population of 1,184,000 at the 2010 Census and 1,840,295 at the 2020 census. The district is subdivided into four subdistricts,ten towns,and one ethnic township.
Xingtai,formerly known as Xingzhou and Shunde,is a prefecture-level city in southern Hebei province,People's Republic of China. It has a total area of 12,486 km2 (4,821 sq mi) and administers 4 districts,2 county-level cities and 12 counties. At the 2020 census,its population was 7,111,106 inhabitants. It borders Shijiazhuang and Hengshui in the north,Handan in the south,and the provinces of Shandong and Shanxi in the east and west respectively.
Sanhe is a county-level city administered by the Langfang prefecture-level city in eastern Hebei province,People's Republic of China. Sanhe city,Dachang Hui Autonomous County,and Xianghe County form the "Northern Three Counties of Langfang",an exclave of Hebei province surrounded by the Beijing and Tianjin municipalities.
Bazhou,formerly Ba County,is a county-level city in Hebei province,China. It is under the jurisdiction of Langfang prefecture-level city. As of 2002,it had a population of over 132,000.
Yutian County is a county in the northeast of Hebei province,China,and is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Tangshan,bordering Tianjin to the north and west. It is located approximately 55 kilometres (34 mi) northwest of Tangshan and 110 km (68 mi) east of Beijing,lying on China National Highway 102. It has an area of 1,169 km2 (451 sq mi),and as of 2012,a population of approximately 680,000.
The National Economic and Technological Development Zones are the special areas of the People's Republic of China where foreign direct investment is encouraged. They are usually called the "Economic and Technological Development Zones" or simply the "Development Zones".
Xianghe County is a county of central Hebei province. It is under the administration of Langfang prefecture-level city. Xianghe has 7 towns and 2 townships. It is 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Beijing.
Dachang Hui Autonomous County is a Hui autonomous county of Hebei province. It is under the administration of Langfang prefecture-level city,and was established in 1955. The Hui Muslim county of Dachang was subjected to slaughter by the Japanese in the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Yanjiao is a town under the administration of Sanhe City in central Hebei province,bordering Tongzhou District,Beijing across the Chaobai River to the west,located 35.5 kilometers (22.1 mi) east of Tiananmen Square and 21 km (13 mi) west of the urban area of Sanhe. It has a population of 250,000,with long-term residents accounting for 147,000 and migrants constituting the remainder;97.9% of the population is of Han ethnicity. As of 2011,it has 55 villages under its administration.
Chenfu is a town of Dachang Hui Autonomous County in the centre of the Sanhe exclave of Hebei province,China. Chenfu is situated less than 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) southeast of the county seat. The town spans an area of 23.76 square kilometres (9.17 sq mi),and has a hukou population of 12,569 as of 2018.
Xiong'an New Area is a state-level new area in the Baoding area of Hebei,China. Established in April 2017,the area is located about 100 kilometres (62 mi) southwest of Beijing and 50 kilometres (31 mi) east of downtown Baoding. Its main function is to serve as a development hub for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) economic triangle. Additionally,"non-core" functions of the Chinese capital are expected to migrate here,including offices of some state-owned enterprises,government agencies,and research and development facilities. The city is planned to be erected by 2035,and to be completed by the middle of the 21st century.
dong fuxiang major victory seymour tianjin.