Parts of this article (those related to demographic data are 10-16 years old) need to be updated.(September 2020) |
Langfang 廊坊市 | |
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Coordinates(Langfang municipal government): 39°32′18″N116°41′01″E / 39.5383°N 116.6835°E | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Province | Hebei |
Settled | 1948 |
Established | September 13, 1988 |
Municipal seat | Guangyang District |
Area | |
• Prefecture-level city | 6,417.28 km2 (2,477.73 sq mi) |
• Urban | 961.8 km2 (371.4 sq mi) |
• Metro | 961.8 km2 (371.4 sq mi) |
Population (2020 census) [1] | |
• Prefecture-level city | 5,464,087 |
• Density | 850/km2 (2,200/sq mi) |
• Urban | 1,147,591 |
• Urban density | 1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi) |
• Metro | 1,147,591 |
• Metro density | 1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi) |
GDP [2] | |
• Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 281 billion US$ 42.7 billion |
• Per capita | CN¥ 60,769 US$9,000 |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
ISO 3166 code | CN-HE-10 |
License Plate Prefix | 冀R |
Website | lf |
Langfang | |||||||
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Simplified Chinese | 廊坊 | ||||||
Literal meaning | "assistant minister's dwelling" | ||||||
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Langfang is a prefecture-level city of Hebei Province,and was known as Tianjin Prefecture until 1973. It was renamed Langfang Prefecture after Tianjin became a municipality and finally upgraded into a prefecture-level city in 1988. Langfang is located approximately midway between Beijing and Tianjin. At the 2020 census,the population of Langfang was 5,464,087,of whom 1,147,591 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Guangyang and Anci districts;its total area is around 6,417.28 km2 (2,477.73 sq mi). [3] Langfang borders Baoding to the southwest,Cangzhou to the south (both prefecture-level cities of Hebei),Beijing to the north and Tianjin to the east. Sanhe City and Dachang Hui County are now conurbated with Beijing,so that they form part of the same built-up area. Langfang is the smallest prefecture-level city of Hebei Province by land area. [4]
Langfang consists of 2 county-level districts,2 county-level cities,5 counties,1 autonomous county,and one economic development zone (开发区).
Map | |||||
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Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2004 est.) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
Anci District | 安次区 | ĀncìQū | 350,000 | 595 | 588 |
Guangyang District | 广阳区 | Guǎngyáng Qū | 410,000 | 313 | 1,310 |
Bazhou City | 霸州市 | Bàzhōu Shì | 570,000 | 784 | 727 |
Sanhe City | 三河市 | SānhéShì | 480,000 | 643 | 747 |
Gu'an County | 固安县 | Gù'ān Xiàn | 390,000 | 697 | 560 |
Yongqing County | 永清县 | Yǒngqīng Xiàn | 370,000 | 774 | 478 |
Xianghe County | 香河县 | XiānghéXiàn | 310,000 | 458 | 677 |
Dacheng County | 大城县 | Dàchéng Xiàn | 460,000 | 910 | 505 |
Wen'an County | 文安县 | Wén'ān Xiàn | 460,000 | 980 | 769 |
Dachang Hui Autonomous County | 大厂回族自治县 | Dàchǎng Huízú Zìzhìxiàn | 110,000 | 176 | 625 |
Development area:
Langfang City is located in the central part of Hebei Province,with latitude ranging from 38 °30 'to 40 °05' north and longitude ranging from 116 °07 'to 117 °15' east. To the north is Yanshan Mountain,to the west is Taihang Mountain,to the east is Bohai Sea,and to the south is the vast North China Plain.
The area of this city is 6429 square kilometers. In the northern region,there are Sanhe County,Dachang Hui Autonomous County,and Xianghe County;In the central and southern regions,there are Anci District,Yongqing County,Gu'an County,Baxian County,Wen'an County,and Dacheng County. The city governs one district and eight counties,44 towns,110 townships,and 3228 administrative villages. [5]
On the other hand,air pollution is a severe problem and in 2013 it was ranked among the 10 worst cities in China for air pollution,along with 6 other cities in Hebei including Xingtai,Shijiazhuang,Baoding,Handan,Hengshui and Tangshan,are among China's 10 most polluted cities. [6] From the perspective of atmospheric environment,pollutants emitted from the Shanxi Plateau,Beijing Tianjin Tangshan,southern Hebei,Shandong,and southern Henan are transported by various wind belts in front of the Taihang Mountains,forming a convergence of boundary layer pollutants. In addition,influenced by the westerly wind belt and the leeward slope terrain of the Taihang Mountains,various types of terrain depressions often form in the Hebei Plain,causing the convergence of pollutants in the region. [7]
The "Northern Three Counties of Langfang City" exclave,separated from the rest of the province,is a part of Langfang City. The exclave comprises Sanhe County-level city,Xianghe County,and Dachang Hui Autonomous County and is located between the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin.
Climate data for Langfang (1991–2020 normals,extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.4 (57.9) | 19.6 (67.3) | 30.4 (86.7) | 33.2 (91.8) | 39.1 (102.4) | 41.4 (106.5) | 40.3 (104.5) | 37.0 (98.6) | 35.0 (95.0) | 31.1 (88.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 14.1 (57.4) | 41.4 (106.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) | 6.2 (43.2) | 13.4 (56.1) | 21.3 (70.3) | 27.5 (81.5) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.9 (89.4) | 30.8 (87.4) | 26.8 (80.2) | 19.7 (67.5) | 10.4 (50.7) | 3.6 (38.5) | 18.7 (65.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.4 (25.9) | 0.1 (32.2) | 7.1 (44.8) | 14.8 (58.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 25.0 (77.0) | 26.9 (80.4) | 25.7 (78.3) | 20.7 (69.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 4.7 (40.5) | −1.7 (28.9) | 12.9 (55.1) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.8 (18.0) | −4.7 (23.5) | 1.6 (34.9) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.8 (58.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 22.6 (72.7) | 21.5 (70.7) | 15.8 (60.4) | 8.2 (46.8) | 0.2 (32.4) | −5.7 (21.7) | 7.9 (46.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −21.8 (−7.2) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −11.2 (11.8) | −3.0 (26.6) | 5.0 (41.0) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 12.7 (54.9) | 3.7 (38.7) | −5.5 (22.1) | −13.7 (7.3) | −19.5 (−3.1) | −21.8 (−7.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.6 (0.10) | 5.7 (0.22) | 6.7 (0.26) | 23.6 (0.93) | 34.8 (1.37) | 77.3 (3.04) | 164.2 (6.46) | 122.0 (4.80) | 52.8 (2.08) | 29.5 (1.16) | 14.3 (0.56) | 2.3 (0.09) | 535.8 (21.07) |
Average precipitation days (≥0.1 mm) | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 9.2 | 11.4 | 9.5 | 6.8 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 63.8 |
Average snowy days | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 9.7 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 50 | 48 | 45 | 47 | 52 | 61 | 74 | 76 | 70 | 63 | 59 | 53 | 58 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 173.6 | 180.2 | 226.3 | 247.0 | 275.2 | 243.2 | 215.3 | 219.6 | 214.0 | 199.7 | 165.5 | 165.7 | 2,525.3 |
Percent possible sunshine | 57 | 59 | 61 | 62 | 62 | 55 | 48 | 52 | 58 | 59 | 56 | 57 | 57 |
Source:China Meteorological Administration [8] [9] all-time extreme temperature [10] |
On June 26,1900,during the Boxer Movement,belligerent European forces heading towards Beijing were stopped by Boxers at the Battle of Langfang,and were defeated and forced to turn back to Tianjin. The Chinese forces were victorious. [11]
It was the site of another battle during the Second Sino-Japanese War.In the summer of 1938,on the vast fertile land on both sides of the Luan River east of Beiping and Tianjin,and west of Shanhaiguan and Qinhuangdao,a anti Japanese storm swept across the eastern region of Hebei Province - the Jidong People's Anti Japanese Armed Uprising. The Jidong Uprising,in the history of anti fascist armed uprisings during World War II,was the earliest,largest in number,most widespread in territory,had the greatest impact,and achieved the most significant results in the nationwide armed resistance against Japan. [12]
Langfang's economy emphasizes computers and technology and manufacturing. To that effect Langfang is home to an Export Processing Zone,an area for factories,and the Oriental University City,a 4-billion yuan investment that began construction in 1999,where some 30 universities enroll about 50,000 students.
There are two national oil and gas companies based in Langfang. The China Petroleum Pipeline Bureau,the primary builder of pipelines in China,and the ENN Group,a natural gas company,are both based in the city. [13]
In recent years,Langfang has focused on digital industrialization,industrial digitization,digital governance,and data value,strengthening the digital economy and empowering high-quality development. [14]
The Langfang Export Processing Zone (Langfang EPZ) was established by the State Council in 2005. Langfang Export Processing Zone is a special enclosed area approved by the State Council and supervised by customs. In accordance with the instructions of the State Council leadership to optimize stock,control increment,standardize management,and improve level,the current "grazing style" for processing trade has been changed to a "captive style" centralized management. Currently,export processing zones have become an important carrier for regulating processing trade management and promoting the transformation and upgrading of processing trade in China. [15] It has a planned area of 0.5 km2 and commenced operation in October 2008. It is the only state-level development zone in Langfang. Langfang EPZ is located in the Langfang Economic and Technical Development Zone (Langfang ETDZ),which is a province-level development zone. It is 38 km (24 mi) from Beijing's third ring-road,and 50 km (31 mi) from down-town Tianjin. It is 60 km (37 mi) from Beijing Capital International Airport,and 70 km (43 mi) from Tianjin Binhai International Airport,airports which are China's first and twelfth largest airports in terms of cargo transport,respectively. The nation's fourth largest seaport,Tianjin Port,is 105 km (65 mi) from Langfang EPZ. [16]
Part of the Beijing Daxing International Airport ( IATA :PKX, ICAO :ZBAD) is located in Guangyang District of Langfang. It is also only a one-hour drive from Beijing Capital International Airport ( IATA :PEK, ICAO :ZBAA) and the Tianjin New Port.
The Guangyang railway station serves the older Beijing–Shanghai railway,while the newer Langfang railway station opened in July 2011 as the penultimate stop on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway. [17]
Langfang Railway Station. The station is located on Jiefang Road,Guangyang District,Langfang City,Hebei Province. Langfang Railway Station is 74 kilometers upstream from Beijing Station and 1393 kilometers downstream from Shanghai Station on the Beijing Shanghai Railway. It is under the jurisdiction of the Beijing Railway Bureau's Beijing Rolling Stock Depot and is currently a second-class station and interval station. [18]
Hebei is a province in North China. It is China's sixth-most populous province,with a population of over 75 million people. Shijiazhuang is the capital city. It borders Shanxi to the west,Henan to the south,Shandong and Liaoning to the east,and Inner Mongolia to the north;in addition,Hebei entirely surrounds the direct-administered municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin on land. Its population is 96% Han Chinese,3% Manchu,0.8% Hui,and 0.3% Mongol. Varieties of Chinese spoken include Jilu Mandarin,the Beijing dialect of Mandarin,and Jin Chinese.
Qinhuangdao is a port city on the coast of China in northern Hebei. It is administratively a prefecture-level city,about 300 km (190 mi) east of Beijing,on the Bohai Sea,the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea. Its population during the 2020 national census was 3,136,879,with 1,881,047 people living in the built-up area made up of four urban districts.
Shijiazhuang is the capital and most populous city of China's Hebei Province. A prefecture-level city about 266 kilometres (165 mi) southwest of Beijing,it administers eight districts,three county-level cities and eleven counties.
Tangshan is a coastal,industrial prefecture-level city in the northeast of Hebei province. It is located in the eastern part of Hebei Province and the northeastern part of the North China Plain. It is located in the central area of the Bohai Rim and serves as the main traffic corridor to the Northeast. The city faces the Bohai Sea in the south,the Yan Mountains in the north,Qinhuangdao across the Luan River to the east,and Tianjin to the west.
Baoding is a prefecture-level city in central Hebei province,approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) southwest of Beijing. As of the 2010 census,Baoding City had 11,194,382 inhabitants,of which 2,176,857 lived in the metropolitan area made of 4 out of 5 urban districts:Lianchi,Jingxiu,Qingyuan,and Mancheng all of which are largely conurbated. Baoding is among 13 Chinese cities with a population of over 10 million,ranking seventh. Zhuozhou City in the northern part has now grown into part of the Beijing metro area.
Weihai,formerly Weihaiwei,is a prefecture-level city and major seaport city in the easternmost Shandong province of China. It borders Yantai to the west and the Yellow Sea to the east,and is the closest mainland Chinese city to South Korea.
Cangzhou is a prefecture-level city in eastern Hebei province,People's Republic of China. At the 2020 census,Cangzhou's built-up area made of Yunhe,Xinhua districts and Cang County largely being conurbated had a population of 1,421,843 inhabitants,while the prefecture-level administrative unit in total has a population of 7,300,783. It lies approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) from the major port city of Tianjin,and 180 km (110 mi) from Beijing.
Tongzhou is a district of Beijing. It is located in southeast Beijing and considered the eastern gateway to the nation's capital. Downtown Tongzhou itself lies around 20 km (12 mi) east of central Beijing,at the northern end of the Grand Canal and at the easternmost end of Chang'an Avenue. The entire district covers an area of 906 km2 (350 sq mi),or 6% of Beijing's total area. It had a population of 673,952 at the 2000 Census,and has seen significant growth and development since then,growing to a population of 1,184,000 at the 2010 Census and 1,840,295 at the 2020 census. The district is subdivided into four subdistricts,ten towns,and one ethnic township.
Sanhe is a county-level city administered by the Langfang prefecture-level city in eastern Hebei province,People's Republic of China. Sanhe city,Dachang Hui Autonomous County,and Xianghe County form the "Northern Three Counties of Langfang",an exclave of Hebei province surrounded by the Beijing and Tianjin municipalities.
Bazhou,formerly Ba County,is a county-level city in Hebei province,China. It is under the jurisdiction of Langfang prefecture-level city. As of 2002,it had a population of over 132,000.
The National Economic and Technological Development Zones are the special areas of the People's Republic of China where foreign direct investment is encouraged. They are usually called the "Economic and Technological Development Zones" or simply the "Development Zones".
Guangyang railway station is a railway station in Guangyang District,Langfang,Hebei. It is served by the conventional Beijing–Shanghai railway and is situated adjacent to Langfang railway station,which is served by high-speed trains. An underground passage links the two.
Xianghe County is a county of central Hebei province. It is under the administration of Langfang prefecture-level city. Xianghe has 7 towns and 2 townships. It is 45 kilometres (28 mi) southeast of Beijing.
Dachang Hui Autonomous County is a Hui autonomous county of Hebei province. It is under the administration of Langfang prefecture-level city,and was established in 1955. The Hui Muslim county of Dachang was subjected to slaughter by the Japanese in the Second Sino-Japanese War.
The Langfang railway station is a high-speed railway station in Anci District,Langfang,Hebei,situated between Beijing and Tianjin. It is served by the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway.
Huairou–Daxing intercity railway,formerly known as Capital Airport–Daxing Airport intercity railway connecting line,is a higher-speed railway line currently under construction. The speed will be 200 km/h. It will connect the Beijing Capital International Airport and Beijing Daxing International Airport when the full line is completed.
Jizhou North railway station is a railway station located in Jizhou District,Tianjin,China. It is the northern terminus of the Tianjin–Jizhou railway and is also connected to the Beijing–Harbin railway via a branch.
Yanjiao railway station is a railway station in Yanjiao,Sanhe,Langfang,Hebei,China. It is on the Beijing–Qinhuangdao railway and Beijing–Tangshan intercity railway.
Langfang North railway station is a railway station under construction in Houwanggezhuang Village,Langfang Development Area,Guangyang District,Langfang,Hebei Province. It will be the eastern terminus of the initial section of Huaixing intercity railway. The station is expected to open in 2024.
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