Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture

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Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
Autonomous prefecture
Name transcription(s)
 •  Chinese 伊犁哈萨克自治州
 •  Uyghur ئىلى قازاق ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى
 •  Kazakh ىلە قازاق اۆتونوميالىق وبلىسى
Su Bi Yi Shang Sha - panoramio.jpg
Cityscape of Yining, the prefectural capital
China Xinjiang Ili.svg
Ili Prefecture (red) in Xinjiang (orange)
Coordinates: 43°55′N81°19′E / 43.92°N 81.32°E / 43.92; 81.32
Country China
Region Xinjiang
Capital Yining
Government
 • Type Autonomous prefecture
 • BodyIli Kazakh Autonomous Prefectural People's Congress
 •  CCP Secretary Qiu Shuhua
 • Congress ChairmanAbdussalam Sadiq
 •  Governor Qadan Käbenuly
 •  CPPCC ChairmanSerikzhan Orynbai
Area
 • Land56,381.52 km2 (21,769.03 sq mi)
 • inc. Altay & Tacheng268,778.71 km2 (103,776.04 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total6,582,500
GDP [1]
 • Total CN¥ 222.6 billion
US$ 32.2 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 47,390
US$ 6,858
Time zone UTC+8 (China Standard)
ISO 3166 code CN-XJ-40
ئىلى قازاق ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى‎

Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture administers the directly-administered, county-level city of Yining; 2 other county-level cities; 7 counties; 1 autonomous county; and the two prefectures of Altay and Tacheng, despite Ili being a prefecture-level division itself. [16]

Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese 伊犁哈萨克自治州
Traditional Chinese 伊犁哈薩克自治州
Ili Kazahk mcp.png

  Districts under direct administration of Ili Prefecture
  Tacheng Prefecture
  Altay Prefecture

PartDivision
code		Name Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Uyghur (UEY)Uyghur Latin (ULY) Kazakh
(Arabic script)		Kazakh Latin alphabet
Kazakh Cyrillic Alphabet		Population
(2020 Census)		Area (km2)Density (/km2)
Districts under direct administration of Ili Prefecture自治州直辖县级行政单位Zìzhìzhōu zhíxiá xiàn jí xíngzhèng dānwèiئوبلاستقا بىۋاستە قاراشلىق رايونلارOblastqa biwaste qarashliq rayonlarوبلىسقا تىكەلەي باعىناتىن اۋداندارOblysqa tıkelei bağynatyn audandar
Облысқа тікелей бағынатын аудандар		2,778,86956,522.9249.16
Districts under direct administration of Ili Prefecture654002 Yining [17] 伊宁市Yīníng Shìغۇلجا شەھىرىGhulja Shehiriقۇلجا قالاسىQūlja qalasy
Құлжа қаласы		778,0476441208.15
654003 Kuytun [17] 奎屯市Kuítún Shìكۈيتۇن شەھىرىKüytun Shehiriكۇيتۇن قالاسىKüitūn qalasy
Қойтүн қаласы		229,1221,171195.66
654004 Korgas [17] 霍尔果斯市Huò'ěrguǒsī Shìقورغاس شەھىرىQorghas Shehiriقورعاس قالاسىQorğas qalasy
Қорғас қаласы		71,4661,90837.46
654021 Yining County [17] 伊宁县Yīníng Xiànغۇلجا ناھىيىسىGhulja Nahiyisiقۇلجا اۋدانىQūlja aýdany
Құлжа ауданы		365,3074,47681,61
654020 Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County 察布查尔锡伯自治县Chábùchá'ěr Xībó Zìzhìxiànچاپچال شىبە ئاپتونوم ناھىيىسىChapchal Shibe Aptonom Nahiyisiشاپشال سىبە اۆتونوميالىق اۋدانىŞapşal-Sіbe avtonomiyalyq audany
Шапшал-Сібе автономиялық ауданы		157,7644,46935.30
654023 Huocheng County [17] 霍城县Huòchéng Xiànقورغاس ناھىيىسىQorghas Nahiyisiقورعاس اۋدانىQorğas audany
Қорғас ауданы		243,3033,54668.61
654024 Gongliu County [17] 巩留县Gǒngliú Xiànتوققۇزتارا ناھىيىسىToqquztara Nahiyisiتوعىزتاراۋ اۋدانىToğyztarau audany
Тоғызтарау ауданы		175,7664,11142.76
654025 Xinyuan County [17] 新源县Xīnyuán Xiànكۈنەس ناھىيىسىKünes Nahiyisiكۇنەس اۋدانىKünes audany
Күнес ауданы		306,5257,58140.43
654026 Zhaosu County [17] 昭苏县Zhāosū Xiànموڭغۇلكۈرە ناھىيىسىMongghulküre Nahiyisiموڭعۇلكۇرە اۋدانىMoŋğolküre audany
Моңғолкүре ауданы		146,88710,42714.09
654027 Tekes County 特克斯县Tèkèsī Xiànتېكەس ناھىيىسىTëkes Nahiyisiتەكەس اۋدانىTekes audany
Текес ауданы		148,9458,06618.47
654028 Nilka County 尼勒克县Nílèkè Xiànنىلقا ناھىيىسىNilqa Nahiyisiنىلقى اۋدانىNylqy audany
Нылқы ауданы		155,73710,12315.538
↪ Altay Prefecture 阿勒泰地区Ālètài Dìqūئالتاي ۋىلايىتىAltay Wilayitiالتاي ايماعىAltai aimağy
Алтай аймағы		648,173117,7105.51
↪ Tacheng Prefecture [17] 塔城地区Tǎchéng Dìqūتارباغاتاي ۋىلايىتىTarbaghatay Wilayitiتارباعاتاي ايماعىTarbağatai aimağy
Тарбағатай аймағы		1,108,74794,86911.69

Ethnic groups

A Kazakh yurt in the Ili basin Ilipicture.jpg
A Kazakh yurt in the Ili basin

Ili is a multi-ethnic autonomous prefecture; there are 13 local ethnic groups: the Han, Kazakhs, Uyghurs, Hui, Mongols, Xibe, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Manchus, Tatar, Russians, Daur, and Chinese Tajiks. [18] As of 2018, Ili had a population of 4,582,500, 2,745,500 (59.9 per cent) of whom were part of an ethnic minority. [3]

A 2015 report provided the following ethnic breakdown of the population: 1,934,571 Han (41.2 per cent), 1,257,003 Kazakhs (26.8 per cent), 819,701 Uyghurs (17.45 per cent), 433,045 Hui (9.2 per cent), 75,597 Mongols (1.6 per cent), 34,457 Xibe, 22,428 Kyrgyz, 8,298 Uzbeks, 8,298 Daurs, 5,394 Russians, 5,199 Manchus, 2,852 Tatars, 153 Chinese Tajiks and 91,749 "others". [19]

Ethnic breakdown in Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, 2018
Ethnic groupPercentage
Han
 
40.1%
Kazakhs
 
27.2%
Uyghurs
 
17.9%
Hui
 
9.3%
Mongols
 
1.6%
Xibe
 
0.7%
Kyrgyz
 
0.5%
Uzbeks
 
0.2%
Others
 
2.5%
Source: [20]
Ethnic breakdown of cities and counties under the direct administration of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, 2018
Ethnic groupPercentage
Han
 
35.2%
Uyghurs
 
26.3%
Kazakhs
 
21.6%
Hui
 
10.9%
Mongols
 
1.1%
Xibe
 
1.1%
Kyrgyz
 
0.7%
Uzbeks
 
0.3%
Others
 
2.8%
Source: [20]
Population growth of Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture by ethnicity (1949, 1959, and 1969) [21]
YearKazakhsUyghursHan Chinese
1949
361,655
171,823
38,099
1959
427,425(+18.2%)
238,870(+39.0%)
365,250(+858.7%)
1969
471,770(+10.4%)
295,153(+23.6%)
1,196,477(+227.6%)

Tourism

Ili's major tourist attractions include the Narati Grassland, Guozigou Lake, and Kanas Lake. In 2015 alone, Ili has seen over 25 million travellers and earned over CN¥19 billion (US$2.92 billion) in tourism revenue. [22]

Transport

Road and railway

An extensive road network is being built across the prefecture for economic development. In 2015, 66 million passengers travelled on Ili's roads.

The railway has extended to the northern extremes of Altay and the westmost city of Khorgas on the China–Kazakhstan border.

Border crossings

Ili has nine international ports of entry:

Heads

First Secretaries

  1. Zhao Tianjie (赵天杰) (2017 - 2020)

Governors

  1. Fathan (Pätіhan) Dälelhanūly Sügіrbaev (Chinese :帕提汗·苏古尔巴也夫; Kazakh : Фатхан (Пәтіхан) Дәлелханұлы Сүгірбаев), November 1954 – June 1955
  2. Jağda Babylyqūly (贾和达·巴巴里科夫; Жағда Бабалықұлы), June 1955 – February 1957 Acting Act, from May 1958
  3. Qūrmanälі Ospanūly (库尔班阿里·乌斯曼诺夫; Құрманәлі Оспанұлы), June 1958 – September 1963
  4. Erğali Äbіlqaiyrūly(伊尔哈里·阿不力海依尔; Ерғали Әбілқайырұлы), September 1963 – May 1969
  5. Zhong Liangshu (钟良树; [24] Чұң Лияң Шо), May 1969 – May 1970 (military government)
  6. Wang Zhenzhong (王振中; [24] Уаң Жын Жұң), May 1970 – July 1975 (military government)
  7. Xie Gaozhong (谢高忠; [24] Шие Гау Жұң), July 1975 – September 1975 (military government)
  8. Jänäbil Smağūlūl y (贾那布尔·司马胡里; Жанәбіл Смағұлұлы), September 1975 – February 1978
  9. Qasymbek Seiіtjanūly (哈生别克·赛依提江; Қасымбек Сейітжанұлы), March 1979 – April 1983
  10. Dıar Qūrmaşūly (迪牙尔·库马什; Дияр Құрмашұлы), April 1983 – May 1988
  11. Ashat Kerimbay (艾斯海提·克里木拜; Асхат Керімбайұлы), May 1988 – May 1993
  12. Bekmūhammed Mūsaūly (别克木哈买提·木沙; Бекмұхамет Мұсаұлы), April 1993 – March 1998
  13. Alpysbai Rahymūly (阿勒布斯拜·拉合木; Алпысбай Рахымұлы), March 1998 – June 2001
  14. Nurlan Äbilmäjinulı (努尔兰·阿不都满金; Нұрлан Әбілмәжінұлы), March 2002 – January 2003
  15. Qyzaijan Seiіlqojaūly (柯赛江·赛力禾加; Қызайжан Сейілқожаұлы), March 2003 – November 2007
  16. Mäuken Seiіtqamzaūly (毛肯·赛衣提哈木扎; Мәукен Сейітқамзаұлы), November 2007 – January 2012
  17. Mänen Zeinelūly (马宁·再尼勒; Мәнен Зейнелұлы), February 2012 – January 2016
  18. Qūrmaş Syrjanūly (库尔玛什·斯尔江; Құрмаш Сыржанұлы), February 2016 – April 2021 [25] [26] [27]
  19. Qadan Käbenuly (哈丹·卡宾; Қадан Кәбенұлы), from April 2021

Notable people

See also

Notes

  1. ↑
    • Chinese :伊犁哈萨克自治州; pinyin :Yīlí Hāsàkè Zìzhìzhōu
    • Uyghur: ئىلى قازاق ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى, romanized: Ili Qazaq Aptonom Oblasti
    • Kazakh: ىلە قازاق اۆتونوميالىق وبلىسى, romanised:Ile Qazaq aýtonomııalyq oblysy

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References

Citations

  1. ↑ "伊犁州2019年国民经济和社会发展统计公报" (in Chinese). 12 March 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 伊犁哈萨克自治州概况. xzqh.org. 2 December 2014. Archived from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
  3. 1 2 伊犁州2018年国民经济和社会发展统计公报. tjcn.org. 21 May 2019. Archived from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  4. ↑ Giumlía-Mai, Alessandra (2013). "METALLURGY AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE HUNNIC GOLD HOARD FROM NAGYSZÉKSÓS" (PDF). The Silkroad Foundation: 21, Fig 14.
  5. ↑ As per Kim (2004), pp. 54, 229
  6. ↑ "History". Yining County Historical Development. Archived from the original on 6 January 2007.
  7. ↑ Direct distance from modern maps
  8. ↑ Road distance from Lansdell (1885), p. 190
  9. 1 2 3 4 阿拉腾奥其尔著 (1996). 清代伊犁将军论稿. Publishing House of Minority Nationalities. also see 清代伊犁将军论稿. book118.com. 23 August 2018. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  10. ↑ 新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州来源、地位及与塔城、阿勒泰地区关系. fangdd.com. 3 June 2016. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  11. ↑ 伊犁哈萨克自治州历史沿革. xzqh.org. 2 December 2014. Archived from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
  12. ↑ Kraus, Charles (June 2019). "Laying Blame for Flight and Fight: Sino-Soviet Relations and the 'Yi–Ta' Incident in Xinjiang, 1962". The China Quarterly. 238: 516. doi:10.1017/S0305741018001789. ISSN   0305-7410.
  13. 1 2 Kraus 2019, p. 516.
  14. ↑ Mao, Sheng (2018). "More Than a Famine: Mass Exodus of 1962 in Northwest Xinjiang". China Review. 18 (2): 165. ISSN   1680-2012.
  15. ↑ 伊犁哈萨克自治州地理概况与生态环境. Yili Normal University. Archived from the original on 12 August 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  16. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kulja"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 943–944.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The official spelling according to 中国地名录. Beijing: SinoMaps Press (中国地图出版社). 1997. ISBN   7-5031-1718-4.
  18. ↑ Office of the Ili Prefecture Historical Almanac (新疆伊犁地区史志办公室) (2000). 伊犁历代移民开发与世居民族的形成. 新疆大学学报（社会科学版）. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  19. ↑ 2016年新疆统计年鉴. xingjiang.stats.gov.cn. 17 August 2016. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2019.
  20. 1 2 3–7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 [3–7 Population by Ethnic Group by Prefecture, State, City and County (City)]. tjj.xinjiang.gov.cn (in Chinese). Statistical Bureau of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 10 June 2020. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
  21. ↑ Mao, Sheng (2018). "More Than a Famine: Mass Exodus of 1962 in Northwest Xinjiang". China Review. 18 (2): 165. ISSN   1680-2012. JSTOR   26435651.
  22. ↑ "National Data". Archived from the original on 6 February 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  23. ↑ "Travelers' Information | Discover Bayan-Olgii". Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  24. 1 2 3 伊犁哈萨克自治州地方志编纂委员会 (June 2004). 伊犁哈萨克自治州志 (in Chinese (China)). Ürümqi: Xinjiang People's Publishing House. p. 282. ISBN   7-228-08827-1. Archived from the original on 12 May 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
  25. ↑ ( ҚЫТАЙДАҒЫ ІЛЕ ҚАЗАҚ АВТОНОМИЯЛЫ ОБЛЫСЫН БАСҚАРҒАНДАР. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.)
  26. ↑ ( Ауыт Мұқибек. О, менің Іле Қазақ облысым!. Абай ақпарат порталы. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.)
  27. ↑ (Дауылбек, ed. (5 February 2017). Қытайдағы қазақ облсы басшыларының қысқаша өмір баяны, іле қазақ Автономиялы облысы құрылғаннан бергі облыс бастықтарының қысқаша өмір баяны (in Kazakh). Жүңгө қазақ радио торабы. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 2 May 2019.)

Sources

  • Henry Lansdell, "Russian Central Asia: Including Kuldja, Bokhara, Khiva and Merv". Full text Archived 10 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine available at Google Books; there is also a 2001 facsimile reprint of the 1885 edition, ISBN   1-4021-7762-3. (Chapters XIV-XVI describe Lansdell visit to the area in the early 1880s, soon after the Russian withdrawal). (in English)
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