Zhejiang

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Zhejiang
浙江
Chekiang
Province of Zhejiang
Name transcription(s)
  Chinese浙江省 (Zhèjiāng Shěng)
  AbbreviationZJ / (pinyin :Zhè)
   Wu Tsehkaon San
Yu Zeng Feng Quan Mao  - panoramio.jpg
Zhejiang in China (+all claims hatched).svg
Map showing the location of Zhejiang Province
Coordinates: 29°12′N120°30′E / 29.2°N 120.5°E / 29.2; 120.5
CountryChina
Annexation by the Qin dynasty 222 BC
Jiangnandong Circuit 626
Liangzhe Circuit 997
Zhejiang Province formed1368
Republican Period 1 January 1912
Division of territory 7 January 1949
Conquest of Yijiangshan 20 January 1955
Named for Old name of Qiantang River
Capital and largest city Hangzhou
Divisions
 - Prefecture-level
 - County-level
 - Township-
level
11 prefectures
90 counties
1364 towns and subdistricts
Government
  Type Province
  Body Zhejiang Provincial People's Congress
   CCP Secretary Yi Lianhong
   Congress DirectorYi Lianhong
   Governor Wang Hao
  Provincial CPPCC Chairperson Huang Lixin
   National People's Congress Representation99 deputies
Area
  Total101,800 km2 (39,300 sq mi)
  Rank 26th
Highest elevation1,929 m (6,329 ft)
Population
 (2020) [1]
  Total64,567,588
  Rank 8th
  Density630/km2 (1,600/sq mi)
   Rank 8th
Demographics
  Ethnic composition Han: 99.2%
She: 0.4%
  Languages and dialects Wu, Huizhou, Jianghuai Mandarin, Southern Min (in Cangnan County and Pingyang County)
GDP [2]
  Total
  • CN¥ 7.77 trillion
  • US$ 1.15 billion
  Per capita
  • CN¥ 118,496
  • US$ 17,617
ISO 3166 code CN-ZJ
HDI (2021)0.801 [3] (4th) – very high
Website www.zj.gov.cn OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg (in Chinese)
English version
Wu Chinese pronunciation: ['t͡səʔ'kɑ̃]
Zhejiang
Zhejiang (Chinese characters).svg
"Zhejiang" in Chinese characters
Postal Chekiang
Literal meaning"Zhe River"
Zhejiang in 1936 Ya Xin Di Xue She 1936Nian <<Xiu Zhen Zhong Hua Quan Tu >> --07Zhe Jiang Sheng .jpg
Zhejiang in 1936
View of the West Lake in Hangzhou. West Lake - Hangzhou, China.jpg
View of the West Lake in Hangzhou.
West Lake at night West Lake at night in Hangzhou.jpg
West Lake at night

Zhejiang consists mostly of hills, which account for about 70% of its total area. [22] Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there. Other prominent mountains include Mounts Yandang, Tianmu, Tiantai and Mogan, which reach altitudes of 700 to 1,500 meters (2,300 to 4,900 ft).

Valleys and plains are found along the coastline and rivers. The north of the province lies just south of the Yangtze Delta and consists of plains around the cities of Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou, where the Grand Canal of China enters from the northern border to end at Hangzhou. Another relatively flat area is found along the Qu River around the cities of Quzhou and Jinhua. Major rivers include the Qiangtang and Ou Rivers. Most rivers carve out valleys in the highlands, with plenty of rapids and other features associated with such topography. Well-known lakes include the West Lake of Hangzhou and the South Lake of Jiaxing.

There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest. Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring starts in March and is rainy with changeable weather. Summer, from June to September is long, hot, rainy and humid. Fall is generally dry, warm and sunny. Winters are short but cold except in the far south. Average annual temperature is around 15 to 19 °C (59 to 66 °F), average January temperature is around 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F) and average July temperature is around 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F). Annual precipitation is about 1,000 to 1,900 mm (39 to 75 in). There is plenty of rainfall in early summer and by late summer Zhejiang is directly threatened by typhoons forming in the Pacific.

Administrative divisions

Zhejiang is divided into eleven prefecture-level divisions: all prefecture-level cities (including two sub-provincial cities):

Administrative divisions of Zhejiang
Division code [23] DivisionArea in km2 [24] Population 2020 [25] SeatDivisions [26]
Districts Counties Aut. counties CL cities
330000Zhejiang Province101,800.0064,567,588 Hangzhou city3732120
330100 Hangzhou city16,840.7511,936,010 Shangcheng District 1021
330200 Ningbo city9,816.239,404,283 Yinzhou District 622
330300 Wenzhou city12,255.779,572,903 Lucheng District 453
330400 Jiaxing city4,008.755,400,868 Nanhu District 223
330500 Huzhou city5,818.443,367,579 Wuxing District 23
330600 Shaoxing city8,279.085,270,977 Yuecheng District 312
330700 Jinhua city10,926.167,050,683 Wucheng District 234
330800 Quzhou city8,841.122,276,184 Kecheng District 231
330900 Zhoushan city1,378.001,157,817 Dinghai District 22
331000 Taizhou city10,083.396,622,888 Jiaojiang District 333
331100 Lishui city17,298.002,507,396 Liandu District 1611

The eleven prefecture-level divisions of Zhejiang are subdivided into 90 county-level divisions (37 districts, 20 county-level cities, 32 counties, and one autonomous county). Those are in turn divided into 1,364 township-level divisions (618 towns, 488 townships, and 258 subdistricts). [2] Hengdian belongs to Jinhua, which is the largest base of shooting films and TV dramas in China. Hengdian World Studios is called "China's Hollywood." At the year end of 2021, the total population was 65.40 million. [2]

Urban areas

Population by urban areas of prefecture & county cities
#Cities2020 Urban area [27] 2010 Urban area [28] 2020 City proper
1 Hangzhou 9,236,0325,162,093 [lower-alpha 2] 11,936,010
2 Ningbo 4,077,8152,583,073 [lower-alpha 3] 9,404,283
3 Wenzhou 2,412,4022,686,825 [lower-alpha 4] 9,572,903
4 Shaoxing 2,333,080643,199 [lower-alpha 5] 5270977
5 Taizhou 1,485,5021,189,2766,622,888
6 Yiwu 1,481,384878,903see Jinhua
7 Cixi 1,457,5101,059,942see Ningbo
8 Jiaxing 1,188,321762,6435,400,868
9 Huzhou 1,083,953748,4713,367,579
10 Jinhua 1,040,948710,5977,050,683
11 Yuyao 1,013,866672,909see Ningbo
12 Rui'an 1,012,731927,383see Wenzhou
13 Yueqing 949,585725,972see Wenzhou
14 Wenling 920,913749,013see Taizhou
15 Zhuji 762,917606,683see Shaoxing
16 Haining 752,775397,690see Jiaxing
17 Dongyang 738,721455,912see Jinhua
18 Tongxiang 690,641400,417see Jiaxing
19 Zhoushan 645,653542,1901,157,817
20 Yongkang 638,563376,246see Jinhua
21 Quzhou 576,688422,6882,276,184
22 Linhai 551,458503,377see Taizhou
23 Yuhuan 468,554 [lower-alpha 6] see Taizhou
24 Longgang 450,286 [lower-alpha 7] see Wenzhou
25 Pinghu 449,636346,892see Jiaxing
26 Lishui 429,633293,9682,507,396
27 Shengzhou 386,087345,674see Shaoxing
28 Lanxi 318,165208,272see Jinhua
29 Jiangshan 289,269200,341see Quzhou
30 Jiande 233,658183,518see Hangzhou
31 Longquan 165,567117,239see Lishui
Fuyang see Hangzhou416,195 [lower-alpha 2] see Hangzhou
Shangyu see Shaoxing391,558 [lower-alpha 5] see Shaoxing
Lin'an see Hangzhou271,249 [lower-alpha 2] see Hangzhou
Fenghua see Ningbo239,992 [lower-alpha 3] see Ningbo
  1. UK: /ˌɜːiˈæŋ/ [4] or /ɛˈæŋ/ , [5] US: /ˌʌiˈɑːŋ/ [4] or /ʌˈjɑːŋ/ ; [6] 浙江, also romanized as Chekiang
  2. 1 2 3 New districts established after 2010 census: Fuyang (Fuyang CLC), Lin'an (Lin'an CLC). These new districts not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  3. 1 2 New district established after 2010 census: Fenghua (Fenghua CLC). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  4. New district established after 2010 census: Dongtou (Dongtou County). The new district not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  5. 1 2 New districts established after 2010 census: Keqiao (Shaoxing County), Shangyu (Shangyu CLC). These new districts not included in the urban area count of the pre-expanded city.
  6. Yuhuan County is currently known as Yuhuan CLC after 2010 census.
  7. Longgang Town was under Cangnan County jurisdiction. Longgang CLC was established after 2010 census.
 
 
Most populous cities in Zhejiang
Source: China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population [29]
RankPop.RankPop.
Hangzhou CBD (Cropped).jpg
Hangzhou
Ningbo South Business District 24-09-2018.jpg
Ningbo
1 Hangzhou 6,504,90011 Yueqing 534,700 Vue generale de Wenzhou.JPG
Wenzhou
Shaoxing Cityscape.jpg
Shaoxing
2 Ningbo 3,685,10012 Cixi 530,300
3 Wenzhou 2,216,50013 Yuyao 458,500
4 Shaoxing 1,512,60014 Zhuji 438,200
5 Taizhou 1,050,60015 Dongyang 421,700
6 Huzhou 951,00016 Lishui 372,000
7 Yiwu 934,30017 Tongxiang 363,400
8 Jinhua 817,30018 Quzhou 356,700
9 Jiaxing 797,00019 Pinghu 349,500
10 Zhoushan 612,40020 Linhai 317,900

Politics

The politics of Zhejiang is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China. The Governor of Zhejiang is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Zhejiang. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor is subordinate to the secretary of the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, colloquially termed the "Zhejiang CCP Party Chief."

Several political figures who served as Zhejiang's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history. Tan Zhenlin (term 1949–1952), the inaugural Party Secretary, was one of the leading voices against Mao's Cultural Revolution during the so-called February Countercurrent of 1967. Jiang Hua (term 1956–1968), was the "chief justice" on the Special Court in the case against the Gang of Four in 1980. Three provincial Party Secretaries since the 1990s have gone onto prominence at the national level. They include CPC General Secretary and President Xi Jinping (term 2002–2007), National People's Congress Chairman and former Vice-Premier Zhang Dejiang (term 1998–2002), and Zhao Hongzhu (term 2007–2012), the Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, China's top anti-corruption body. Of Zhejiang's fourteen Party Secretaries since 1949, none were native to the province.

Zhejiang was home to Chiang Kai-shek and many high-ranking officials in the Kuomintang, who fled to Taiwan in 1949 after losing the Civil War.

Economy

harvesting tea leaves, Zhejiang province, May 1987 04 Zhejiang tea 05.1987.jpg
harvesting tea leaves, Zhejiang province, May 1987
Yu'ao, a fishing village on Dayu Bay in South Zhejiang (Cangnan County) Dayu Bay - YuAo Cun - P1210476.JPG
Yu'ao, a fishing village on Dayu Bay in South Zhejiang (Cangnan County)

Zhejiang is one of the richest and most developed provinces in China. As of 2022, its nominal GDP was US$1.15 trillion (CN¥ 7.77 trilion), about 6.42% of the country's GDP and ranked 4th among province-level administrative units; the province's primary, secondary and tertiary industries were worth CN¥232.48 billion (US$34.56 billion), CN¥3.3205 trillion (US$493.67 billion) and CN¥4.2185 trillion (US$627.18 billion) respectively. [2] Its nominal GDP per capita was US$17,617 (CN¥118,496) and ranked the 6th in the country. The private sector in the province has been playing an increasingly important role in boosting the regional economy since Economic Reform in 1978. [2] Zhejiang is generally regarded as having one of the strongest private sectors among Chinese provinces and its local governments typically adopt permissive business policies. [30] :186

Zhejiang's main manufacturing sectors are electromechanical industries, textiles, chemical industries, food and construction materials. In recent years Zhejiang has followed its own development model, dubbed the "Zhejiang model", which is based on prioritizing and encouraging entrepreneurship, an emphasis on small businesses responsive to the whims of the market, large public investments into infrastructure, and the production of low-cost goods in bulk for both domestic consumption and export. As a result, Zhejiang has made itself one of the richest provinces and the "Zhejiang spirit" has become something of a legend within China. However, some economists now worry that this model is not sustainable, in that it is inefficient and places unreasonable demands on raw materials and public utilities, and also a dead end, in that the myriad small businesses in Zhejiang producing cheap goods in bulk are unable to move to more sophisticated or technologically more advanced industries. [31] The economic heart of Zhejiang is moving from North Zhejiang, centered on Hangzhou, southeastward to the region centered on Wenzhou and Taizhou. [7] The per capita disposable income of urbanites in Zhejiang reached 55,574 yuan (US$8,398) in 2018, an annual real growth of 8.4%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents stood at 27,302 yuan (US$4,126), a real growth of 9.4%. [32]

Historical GDP of Zhejiang Province for 1978–present [2]
(purchasing power parity of Chinese Yuan, as Int'l. dollar based on IMF WEO April 2023 [33] )
yearGDPGDP per capita (GDPpc)
based on mid-year population
Reference index
GDP in millionsreal
growth
(%)
GDPpcexchange rate
1 foreign currency
to CNY
CNY USD PPP
(Int'l$.)
CNYUSDPPP
(Int'l$.)
USD 1Int'l$. 1
(PPP)
20227,771.541,115,5431,925,5553.1118,49617,61729,3606.72614.036
20217,404.081,114,7651,772,5838.7113,83917,64527,2546.45154.177
20206,468.91937,7171,526,0463.6100,73814,60523,7656.89764.239
20196,246.20900,5441,472,8136.898,77014,31823,2896.89854.241
20185,800.28876,5201,371,8737.193,23014,08922,0516.61744.228
20175,240.31776,1351,252,4617.885,61212,68020,4626.75184.184
20164,725.40711,4101,184,6087.578,38411,80119,6506.64233.989
20154,350.77698,5371,123,9408.073,27611,76518,9296.22843.871
20144,002.35651,5511,064,7387.768,56911,16218,2416.14283.759
20133,733.46602,2831,018,9578.365,10510,51217,7696.19323.664
20123,438.24544,672965,5278.161,0979,67917,1576.31253.561
20113,185.48493,200903,9399.057,8288,95316,4106.45883.524
20102,739.99404,755823,80911.951,1107,55015,3676.76953.326
20051,302.83159,043454,26412.926,2773,2089,1628.19172.868
2000616.4874,468225,89611.013,4671,6274,9358.27842.729
1995356.3942,676129,92716.88,1449752,9698.35102.743
199090.4618,91453,1363.92,1384471,2564.78321.712
198542.9114,61430,61721.71,0673637612.93661.404
198017.9912,00712,03116.44713143151.49841.500
197812.377,34921.93311971.6836

Traditionally, the province is known as the "Land of Fish and Rice." True to its name, rice is the main crop, followed by wheat; north Zhejiang is also a center of aquaculture in China, and the Zhoushan fishery is the largest fishery in the country. The main cash crops include jute and cotton and the province also leads the provinces of China in tea production. (The renowned Longjing tea is a product of Hangzhou.) Zhejiang's towns have been known for handicraft production of goods such as silk, for which it is ranked second among the provinces. Its many market towns connect the cities with the countryside.

In 1832, the province was exporting silk, paper, fans, pencils, wine, dates, tea and "golden-flowered" hams. [34]

Ningbo, Wenzhou, Taizhou and Zhoushan are important commercial ports. The Hangzhou Bay Bridge between Haiyan County and Cixi, is the longest bridge over a continuous body of sea water in the world.

Economic and Technological Development Zones

Economic and technological development concerns

Waste disposal

On Thursday, September 15, 2011, more than 500 people from Hongxiao Village protested over the large-scale death of fish in a nearby river. Angry protesters stormed the Zhejiang Jinko Solar Company factory compound, overturned eight company vehicles, and destroyed the offices before police came to disperse the crowd. Protests continued on the two following nights with reports of scuffles, officials said. Chen Hongming, a deputy head of Haining's environmental protection bureau, said the factory's waste disposal had failed pollution tests since April. The environmental watchdog had warned the factory, but it had not effectively controlled the pollution, Chen added. [35]

Demographics

She ethnic county, townships and towns in Zhejiang She ethnic county, townships and towns in Zhejiang.png
She ethnic county, townships and towns in Zhejiang

Han Chinese make up the vast majority of the population and the largest Han subgroup are the speakers of Wu varieties of Chinese. There are also 400,000 members of ethnic minorities, including approximately 200,000 She people and approximately 20,000 Hui Chinese. [36] Jingning She Autonomous County in Lishui is the only She autonomous county in China. [37]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1912 [38] 21,440,000    
1928 [39] 20,643,000−3.7%
1936-37 [40] 21,231,000+2.8%
1947 [41] 19,959,000−6.0%
1954 [42] 22,865,747+14.6%
1964 [43] 28,318,573+23.8%
YearPop.±%
1982 [44] 38,884,603+37.3%
1990 [45] 41,445,930+6.6%
2000 [46] 45,930,651+10.8%
2010 [47] 54,426,891+18.5%
2020 [48] 64,567,588+18.6%

Religion

Religion in Zhejiang [49] [note 1]

   Christianity (2.62%)

The predominant religions in Zhejiang are Chinese folk religions, Taoist traditions and Chinese Buddhism. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 23.02% of the population believes and is involved in ancestor veneration, while 2.62% of the population identifies as Christian, decreasing from 3.92% in 2004. [49] The reports did not give figures for other types of religion; 74.36% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, folk religious sects. As of the mid-2010s, Zhejiang has 34,880 registered folk religious temples greater than 20 sqm and 10,000 registered places of worship of the five doctrines (Buddhism, Taoism, Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam). [50] [51] [52] :35

In mid-2015 the government of Zhejiang recognised folk religion as "civil religion" beginning the formal registration of the province's folk religious temples under the aegis of the provincial Bureau of Folk Faith. [53] Buddhism has an important presence since its arrival in Zhejiang 1,800 years ago. [54]

Catholicism arrived 400 years ago in the province and Protestantism 150 years ago. [54] Zhejiang is one of the provinces of China with the largest concentrations of Protestants, especially notable in the city of Wenzhou. [55] In 1999, Zhejiang's Protestant population comprised 2.8% of the provincial population, a small percentage but higher than the national average. [56]

The rapid development of religions in Zhejiang has driven the local committee of ethnic and religious affairs to enact policies to rationalise them [57] in 2014, variously named "Three Remodelings and One Demolition" operations or "Special Treatment Work on Illegally Constructed Sites of Religious and Folk Religion Activities" according to the locality. [58] These regulations have led to cases of demolition of churches and folk religion temples or the removal of crosses from churches' roofs and spires. [59] An exemplary case was that of the Sanjiang Church. [60] Despite English-language media focused on Christian churches, only 2.3% of the buildings affected by the regulations were Christian churches; most of them were folk religious temples. [52] :36

Islam arrived 1,400 years ago in Zhejiang. Today Islam is practiced by a small number of people including virtually all the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang. [54] In 2020, there are 117,000 Muslims in Zhejiang. [61] Another religion present in the province is She shamanism (practiced by She ethnic minority).

Media

The Zhejiang Radio & Television Group, Hangzhou Radio & Television Group, Ningbo Radio & Television Group are the local broadcasters in Zhejiang Province.

Culture

A boat on one of Shaoxing's waterways, near the city center. North Zhejiang, known as the "Land of Fish and Rice", is characterized by its canals and waterways. Shaoxing-ww-s.jpg
A boat on one of Shaoxing's waterways, near the city center. North Zhejiang, known as the "Land of Fish and Rice", is characterized by its canals and waterways.

Languages

Zhejiang is mountainous and has therefore fostered the development of many distinct local cultures. Linguistically speaking, Zhejiang is extremely diverse. Most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak varieties of Wu, but those Wu dialects are very diverse, especially in the south, where one valley may speak a dialect completely unintelligible to the next valley a few kilometers away. Other varieties of Chinese are spoken as well, mostly along the borders; Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken on the border with Anhui, while Min dialects are spoken on the border with Fujian. (See Hangzhou dialect, Shaoxing dialect, Ningbo dialect, Wenzhou dialect, Taizhou dialect, Jinhua dialect and Quzhou dialect for more information)

Throughout history there have been a series of lingua francas in the area to allow for better communication. The dialects spoken in Hangzhou, Shaoxing and Ningbo have taken on this role historically. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Mandarin, which is not mutually intelligible with any of the Wu dialects, has been promoted as the standard language of communication throughout China. As a result, most of the population now can, to some degree, speak and comprehend Mandarin and can code-switch when necessary. A majority of the population educated since 1978 can speak some Mandarin. Urban residents tend to be more fluent in Mandarin than rural people. Nevertheless, a Zhejiang accent is detectable in almost everyone from the area communicating in Mandarin and the home dialect remains an important part of the everyday lives and cultural identities of most Zhejiang residents.

Music

Zhejiang is the home of Yue opera, one of the most prominent forms of Chinese opera. Yueju originated in Shengzhou and is traditionally performed by actresses only, in both male and female roles. Other important opera traditions include Yongju (of Ningbo), Shao opera (of Shaoxing), Ouju (of Wenzhou), Wuju (of Jinhua), Taizhou Luantan (of Taizhou) and Zhuji Luantan (of Zhuji).

Cuisine

Fish being dried dockside in Pacao Harbor, Cangnan County Cangnan - Pacao - P1210261.JPG
Fish being dried dockside in Pacao Harbor, Cangnan County

Longjing tea (also called dragon well tea), originating in Hangzhou, is one of the most prestigious, if not the most prestigious Chinese tea. Hangzhou is also renowned for its silk umbrellas and hand fans. Zhejiang cuisine (itself subdivided into many traditions, including Hangzhou cuisine) is one of the eight great traditions of Chinese cuisine.

Place names

Since ancient times, north Zhejiang and neighboring south Jiangsu have been famed for their prosperity and opulence[ citation needed ] and simply inserting north Zhejiang place names (Hangzhou, Jiaxing, etc.) into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess, a practice followed by many noted poets. In particular, the fame of Hangzhou (as well as Suzhou in neighboring Jiangsu province) has led to the popular saying: "Above there is heaven; below there is Suzhou and Hangzhou" (上有天堂,下有苏杭), a saying that continues to be a source of pride for the people of these two still prosperous cities.

Tourism

The Hall of Five Hundred Arhats at Guoqing Temple Guoqingsi006r.jpg
The Hall of Five Hundred Arhats at Guoqing Temple

Tourist destinations in Zhejiang include:

Sports

Professional sports teams based in Zhejiang include:

Education and research

Zhejiang is one of China's leading provinces in research and education. As of 2023, two major cities in Zhejiang ranked in the world's top 200 cities (Hangzhou 16th and Ningbo 188th) by scientific research output, as tracked by Nature Index. [9]

Colleges and universities

Notable people

See also

Notes

    1. The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015) [49] in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i.e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organised into lineage "churches" and ancestral shrines). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang.
    2. May also include a tiny number of Muslims.

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Jiangnan</span> Geographic area in China

    Jiangnan is a geographic area in China referring to lands immediately to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, including the southern part of its delta. The region encompasses the city of Shanghai, the southern part of Jiangsu Province, the southeastern part of Anhui Province, the northern part of Jiangxi Province and the northern part of Zhejiang Province. The most important cities in the area include Anqing, Changzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Suzhou, Wuxi, Wenzhou, Yangzhou and Zhenjiang.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Yangtze Delta</span> Megalopolis in East China

    The Yangtze Delta or Yangtze River Delta is a triangle-shaped megalopolis generally comprising the Wu Chinese-speaking areas of Shanghai, southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang and northern Jiangxi. The area lies in the heart of the Jiangnan region, where the Yangtze River drains into the East China Sea. Having fertile soil, the Yangtze Delta abundantly produces grain, cotton, hemp and tea. In 2021, the Yangtze Delta had a GDP of approximately US$4.3 trillion, about the same size as Japan.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Taizhou, Zhejiang</span> Prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China

    Taizhou is a city located at the middle of the East China Sea coast of Zhejiang province. It is located 300 km (190 mi) south of Shanghai and 230 km (140 mi) southeast of Hangzhou, the provincial capital. It is bordered by Ningbo to the north, Wenzhou to the south, and Shaoxing, Jinhua, and Lishui to west. In addition to the municipality itself, the prefecture-level city of Taizhou includes 3 districts, 3 county-level cities, and 3 counties. As of the 2020 census, its total population was 6,662,888 inhabitants whom 3,578,660 lived in the built-up area made of the three urban Districts and Wenling City now being largely conurbated.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Shangyu, Shaoxing</span> District in Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China

    Shangyu District is a district of the prefecture-level city of Shaoxing in the northeast of Zhejiang province, China. At the 2010 census, its population in the built-up area was 779,412, up from 722,523 in the 2000 census. Shangyu is roughly fifty kilometers from north to south and about thirty kilometers from east to west. It makes up about one-fourth of the area of Shaoxing prefecture. Shangyu District is not part of the Hangzhou-Shaoxing built-up area as some countryside still prevent the city from being conurbated until now.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Jinhua</span> Prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China

    Jinhua, alternately romanized as Kinhwa, is a prefecture-level city in central Zhejiang province in eastern China. It borders the provincial capital of Hangzhou to the northwest, Quzhou to the southwest, Lishui to the south, Taizhou to the east, and Shaoxing to the northeast. Its population was 7,050,683 as of the 2020 census including 1,463,990 in the built-up area made of two urban districts.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhejiang cuisine</span>

    Zhejiang cuisine, alternatively known as Zhe cuisine, is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of Chinese cuisine. Zhejiang cuisine contains four different styles, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, and Wenzhou. It derives from the traditional ways of cooking in Zhejiang Province, which is located south of Shanghai and centred around Hangzhou, a historical Chinese capital. In general, Zhejiang cuisine is not greasy but has a fresh and soft flavour with a mellow fragrance.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Cangnan County</span> County in Zhejiang, Peoples Republic of China

    Cangnan County is a county in the prefecture-level city of Wenzhou in southern Zhejiang, China. The county government is in Lingxi. Cangnan has 20 towns, 14 townships, and two nationality townships. Cangnan and Taishun are apart of the Min Dong, Eastern Min cultural region of Zhejiang province. Wenzhou dialect and Jinxiang dialect, are also spoken.

    is one of ten urban districts of the prefecture-level city of Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province, in East China, it is located in the core urban area of Hangzhou. It is across the Qiantang River from West Lake and the older parts of Hangzhou. Like Pudong in Shanghai, it a very modern, and rapidly developing, area that was mostly farmland until ten years ago. The district's total area is 72.2 square kilometres (27.9 sq mi), and its permanent population totals 503,859 people as of 2020. The district people's government is situated on Xixing Road.

    The Wu Chinese people, also known as Wuyue people, Jiang-Zhe people (江浙民系) or San Kiang (三江), are a major subgroup of the Han Chinese. They are a Wu Chinese-speaking people who hail from southern Jiangsu Province, the entirety of the city of Shanghai and all of Zhejiang Province, as well as smaller populations in Xuancheng prefecture-level city in southern Anhui Province, Shangrao, Guangfeng and Yushan counties of northeastern Jiangxi Province and some parts of Pucheng County in northern Fujian Province.

    Taihu Wu (吳語太湖片) or Northern Wu (北部吳語) is a Wu Chinese language spoken in much of the southern part of the province of Jiangsu, including Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, the southern part of Nantong, Jingjiang and Danyang; the municipality of Shanghai; and the northern part of Zhejiang province, including Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Huzhou, and Jiaxing. A notable exception is the dialect of the town of Jinxiang, which is a linguistic exclave of Taihu Wu in Zhenan Min-speaking Cangnan county of Wenzhou prefecture in Zhejiang province. Speakers in regions around Taihu Lake and Hangzhou Bay, are the largest population among all Wu speakers. Taihu Wu dialects such as Shanghainese, Shaoxing and Ningbo are mutually intelligible even for L2 Taihu speakers.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Ningbo–Taizhou–Wenzhou railway</span> Railway line in China

    The Ningbo–Taizhou–Wenzhou railway or Yong-Tai-Wen railway is a dual-track, electrified, high-speed rail line in Zhejiang Province, China. It is named after the three prefecture-level cities along route: Ningbo, whose abbreviated Chinese name is Yong, Taizhou and Wenzhou. The line has a total length of 282.4 kilometres (175.5 mi) and forms part of Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen railway. Construction began in October 2005, and the line opened to commercial service on September 28, 2009. Trains running on the line reach top speeds of 250 kilometres per hour, and the shortest trip between Ningbo and Wenzhou takes 1 hour 12 minutes.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Xiaoshan–Ningbo railway</span> Railway line in China

    The Xiaoshan–Ningbo railway or Xiaoyong railway, is a double-track railroad in eastern China between Hangzhou and Ningbo in Zhejiang Province. Its name in Chinese, the Xiaoyong Line, is named after the railway's two terminal stations, Hangzhou South in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou on the southern bank of Qiantang River, and Ningbo, whose Chinese character abbreviation is yong. The line is 147.3 km (92 mi) long and was originally built in three parts in 1912, 1914 and 1936; rebuilt in 1959, then electrified in 2009. Cities along route include Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Shangyu, Yuyao and Ningbo, all in Zhejiang Province. The Hangzhou–Ningbo high-speed railway runs parallel to the line. The section between Ningbo and Zhuangqiao railway station is proposed to be quadruple-tracked.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern Zhejiang Canal</span> UNESCO World Heritage Site in China

    The Eastern Zhejiang or Zhedong Canal, also known as the Hangzhou–Ningbo or Hangyong Canal, is a major canal connecting Hangzhou, Shaoxing, and Ningbo in northern Zhejiang, China. It runs 239 kilometres (149 mi), connecting the Qiantang, Cao'e, and Yong watersheds with Hangzhou's terminus for the Grand Canal and Ningbo's ports on the East China Sea. Since 2013, it has been officially considered the southernmost section of the Grand Canal itself.

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