Fuzhou

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Fuzhou
福州市
Hokchew
Prefecture-level city
Fuzhou skyline 2.jpg
Skyline of Fuzhou
Luo Xing Ta Yu Liu Qi Niang .jpg
Luoxing Tower
Wuyi Square 72262-Fuzhou (49222318623).jpg
Three Mountains and One River Sculpture
St. Dominic's Cathedral Fuzhou .webp
Zhenhai tower front.JPG
Zhenhai Tower
Lin Wen Zhong Gong Ci Ping Men .jpg
Temple of Lin Zexu
Hwa nan college.JPG
Dong Bai Zhong Xin AGuan 10Lou Liao Wang Tai Xi San Fang Qi Xiang .jpg
Fuzhou
Locator map Fuzhou in Fujian (claimed hatched).svg
Location of Fuzhou City jurisdiction in Fujian
China Fujian adm location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Fuzhou
Location in China
China edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Fuzhou
Fuzhou (China)
Coordinates(Fuzhou municipal government): 26°04′27″N119°17′47″E / 26.0743°N 119.2964°E / 26.0743; 119.2964
Country China
Province Fujian
Municipal seat Gulou District
Divisions
 - County-level
6 districts, 6 counties,
& 1 County-level cities(2017)
Government
 • Type Prefecture-level city
 • Body Fuzhou Municipal People's Congress
 •  CCP Secretary Guo Ningning
 •  Congress Chairman Chen Weimin
 •  Mayor You Mengjun
 •  CPPCC Chairman He Jingyan
Area
12,231.9 km2 (4,722.8 sq mi)
 • Water4,634 km2 (1,789 sq mi)
 • Urban
 (2018) [1]
1,768.2 km2 (682.7 sq mi)
Population
 (2020 census) [2] [3]
8,291,268
 • Density680/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
 •  Urban
4,094,491
 • Urban density2,300/km2 (6,000/sq mi)
 •  Rural
4,196,777
GDP [4]
 •  Prefecture-level city CN¥ 1.132 trillion
US$ 161.5 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 135,298
US$ 19,293
Time zone UTC+8 (CST)
Postal code
350000
Area code 591
ISO 3166 code CN-FJ-01
License plate prefixes 闽A
Local dialect Fuzhou language of the Eastern Min Language
Website Fuzhou.gov.cn
Fuzhou
Fuzhou (Chinese characters).svg
"Fuzhou" in Chinese characters
Historical population
YearPop.±%
20006,386,013—    
20107,115,370+11.4%
20208,291,268+16.5%
Population size may be affected by changes on administrative divisions.

The administrative divisions of Fuzhou have been changed frequently throughout history. From 1983, the Fuzhou current administrative divisions were formed officially, namely, 5 districts and 8 counties. In 1990 and 1994, Fuqing (Foochow Romanized: Hók-chiăng) and Changle (Foochow Romanized: Diòng-lŏ̤h) counties were promoted to county-level cities; Changle became a district in 2017. Despite these changes, the administrative image of "5 districts and 8 counties" is still held popularly among local residents. Fuzhou's entire area only covers 9.65 percent of Fujian Province.

The city of Fuzhou has direct jurisdiction over 6 districts, 1 county-level city, and 6 counties:

Map
NameChinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin Foochow Romanized Population
(2020 census) [6] 		Area (km2)Density
(/km2)
City proper4,094,4911,015.074033.70
Gulou District 鼓楼区Gǔlóu QūGū-làu-kṳ̆669,09036.6018,281
Taijiang District 台江区Táijiāng QūDài-gĕ̤ng-kṳ̆411,81918.2822,528
Cangshan District 仓山区Cāngshān QūChŏng-săng-kṳ̆1,142,991139.418,199
Mawei District 马尾区Mǎwěi QūMā-muōi-kṳ̆290,554254.331142
Jin'an District 晋安区Jìn'ān QūCéng-ăng-kṳ̆789,775566.451,394
Changle District 长乐区Chánglè QūDiòng-lŏ̤h-kṳ̆790,262717.541101
Suburban and Rural
Minhou County 闽侯县Mǐnhòu Xiàn [44] Mìng-âu-gâing988,2002,133.03463
Lianjiang County 连江县Liánjiāng XiànLièng-gŏng-gâing639,4981,190.67537
Luoyuan County 罗源县Luóyuán XiànLò̤-nguòng-gâing255,2141,081.17236
Minqing County 闽清县Mǐnqīng XiànMìng-chiăng-gâing256,1811,468.90174
Yongtai County 永泰县Yǒngtài XiànĪng-tái-gâing281,2162,243.41125
Pingtan County 平潭县Píngtán XiànBìng-tàng-gâing385,981371.091040
Satellite cities
Fuqing 福清市Fúqīng ShìHók-chiăng-chê1,390,4871,932.43720
Total8,291,26812,153.31682.22

Culture

"Banyan King" in Fuzhou National Forest Park (Fu Zhou Guo Jia Sen Lin Gong Yuan ). Banyan King, Fuzhou.JPG
"Banyan King" in Fuzhou National Forest Park (福州國家森林公園).
Traditional Fuzhounese architetcure Zuohai Park North Gate.jpg
Traditional Fuzhounese architetcure

The culture of Fuzhou is distinct from the mainstream inland cultures of central China, and in details vary from other areas of the Chinese coast.

Language and art

Besides Mandarin Chinese, the majority local residents of Fuzhou (Fuzhou people) also speak Fuzhounese (福州話), the prestige form of Eastern Min.

Min opera, also known as Fuzhou drama, is one of the major operas in Fujian Province. It enjoys popularity in the Fuzhou area and in neighboring parts of Fujian such as the northeast and northwest areas where the Fuzhou language is spoken, as well as in Taiwan and the Malay Archipelago. It became a fixed opera in the early 20th century. There are more than 1,000 plays of Min opera, most of which originate from folk tales, historical novels, or ancient legends, including such traditional plays as "Making Seal", "The Purple Jade Hairpin" and "Switching Fairy Peach with Litchi". [45]

Religion

Christ Church in Fuzhou used to be the cathedral of the Diocese of Fukien within the Anglican Church in China before the PRC. Cangxia church.JPG
Christ Church in Fuzhou used to be the cathedral of the Diocese of Fukien within the Anglican Church in China before the PRC.

The two traditional mainstream religions practiced in Fuzhou are Mahayana Buddhism and Taoism. Traditionally, many people practice both religions simultaneously. The city is also home to many Buddhist monasteries, Taoist temples and Buddhist monks.

Apart from mainstream religions, a number of religious worship sites of various local religions are situated in the streets and lanes of Fuzhou.

The origins of local religion can be dated back centuries. These diverse religions incorporated elements such as gods and doctrines from other religions and cultures, such as totem worship and traditional legends. For example, Monkey King, originated to monkey worship among local ancients, gradually came to embody the God of Wealth in Fuzhou after the novel Journey to the West was issued in Ming dynasty.

As the most popular religion in the Min River Valley, the worship of Lady Linshui is viewed as one of the three most influential local religions in Fujian, the other two being the worship of Mazu and Baosheng Dadi (保生大帝).

Local cuisine

Fuzhou's local dish Litchi Pork (Li Zhi Rou ), famous for its sweet and sour flavor Litchi Pork.jpg
Fuzhou's local dish Litchi Pork (荔枝肉), famous for its sweet and sour flavor

Fuzhou cuisine is most notably one of the four traditional cooking styles of Fujian cuisine, which in turn is one of the eight Chinese regional cuisines. Dishes are light but flavorful, with particular emphasis on umami taste, known in Chinese cooking as xianwei (simplified Chinese:鲜味; traditional Chinese:鮮味; pinyin:xiānwèi), as well as retaining the original flavor of the main ingredients instead of masking them. In Fuzhou cuisine, the taste is light compared to that of some other Chinese cooking styles, and often have a mixed sweet and sour taste. Soup, served as an indispensable dish in meals, is cooked in various ways with local seasonal fresh vegetables and seafood and often added with local cooking wine (福建老酒).

Fuzhou is famous for its street food and snacks. Some notable street food dishes include Fuzhou fish balls (魚丸), meat-pastry dumplings (扁肉燕), oyster cake (海蛎饼), rice scroll soup (鼎邊糊), guong bian (光餅; a kind of mildly savory pastry), Buddha Jumps over the Wall (佛跳墙), and pork floss (肉鬆). Many of these street food dishes have a long history and their own local legend; an example would be the oyster cake, according Fuzhou local folklore, in the early Qing dynasty, there was a young man who inherited his father's dim sum business, despite all his hard works, he only managed to earn enough money to feed himself, not enough to raise and feed a family of his own. One night, he dreamt of a silver-haired elderly man, who told him that he has very good fortune, the young man then asked him what he can do to obtain good luck, the elderly man then floated away. That's when the young man notice the setting moon, and after the moon sank under the clouds, rose from the east a golden sun, he was inspired by the dream and invented oyster cake, which is white like the moon before being lowered into hot grease and coming out golden as the morning sun. According to the legend, after the young man made a fortune out of his invention and his oyster cake was imitated by many others, which was passed down till this day. another example of a Fuzhou street food with a long history is rice scroll soup, which became popular in Fuzhou in the early part of the Qing dynasty. As more Fuzhou residents settled overseas, Fuzhou dishes spread to Taiwan, Southeast Asia and the U.S.. For example, one is able to find guong bian and Fuzhou fish balls in Sitiawan in Ipoh, Malaysia while Fuzhou fish balls, meat-pastry dumplings and rice scroll soup can be found in New York's Chinatown.

Fuzhou residents also enjoy eating festival foods during traditional Chinese holidays. For example, red and white rice cakes (年糕) are served over Chinese New Year, tangyuan[ citation needed ] (汤圆) during the Lantern Festival, zongzi (粽子) during the Dragon Boat Festival, and sweet soy bean powder-covered plain yuanxiao over the winter solstice.

Olive juice is also a much sought-after refreshment. Ganlanzhi (橄榄汁) is cloudy and light yellowish-green in color. Olive trees grown on the Canarium album tree in Fuzhou since the Tang dynasty, it was even approved as a trademark with geographic indication by China in 2010. Not found elsewhere in China, ganlanzhi (橄榄汁) is also a reminder of the many regional differences in China when it comes to food.

Special crafts

Bodiless lacquerware (脫胎漆器), paper umbrellas and horn combs (角梳) are the "Three Treasures" of Fuzhou traditional arts. In addition, bodiless lacquerware, together with cork pictures (軟木畫) and Shoushan stone sculptures (壽山石雕) are called "Three Superexcellences" of Fuzhou.

Media

Fuzhou Evening News (福州晚报), Strait Metropolitan Post and Southeast Express (东南快报) are the three most primary newspapers in the city. Fuzhou Daily (福州日报) is the official newspaper of the Fuzhou Committee of Chinese Communist Party. [46] FZTV, the local municipal television station has four channels. [47] As the capital, the provincial state-owned Fujian Media Group, Fujian Daily Newspaper Group and Straits Publishing & Distributing Group also headquarter here.

Transportation

Airports

The city is served by Fuzhou Changle International Airport, which replaces Fuzhou Yixu Airport, the old airfield. The former is its main international airport and an air-hub in southeast China, while the latter was turned into a PLA airbase after 1997.

Railways

Fuzhou Railway Station Fuzhou Train.JPG
Fuzhou Railway Station

Fuzhou is a railway hub in northern Fujian. The Wenzhou–Fuzhou and Fuzhou–Xiamen Railways form part of the Southeast Coast High-Speed Rail Corridor and can accommodate high-speed trains at speeds of up to 250 km/h (155 mph). The Hefei–Fuzhou High-Speed Railway links the city to Beijing through its nearby inner land province Jiangxi at speeds up to 350 km/h (220 mph). The Nanping–Fuzhou Railway and Xiangtang–Putian Railway provide rail access inland. The latter line can carry trains at speeds of 200 km/h (124 mph). The regional Fuzhou-Mawei Cargo Railway runs from the Fuzhou Railway Station eastward to the port in Mawei District. Fuzhou has two main railway stations, Fuzhou and Fuzhou South. Fuzhou station is often just referred to as Fuzhou station given its central location.

Metro

Fuzhou Metro is the first rapid transit system in Fujian province. It has two metro lines in operation and five lines under construction. [48]

Platform of Fuzhou Railway Station (Fuzhou Metro) 20171118 Platform of Fuzhou Railway Station (Fuzhou Metro) 01.jpg
Platform of Fuzhou Railway Station (Fuzhou Metro)

Line 1 links the two railway stations of the city. The Fuzhou railway station is located north of the city center, near the North Second Ring Road. Fuzhou South Railway Station, located in Cangshan district, is a key landmark of the New City development scheme, begun in 2007 and completed in 2010. Line 1 was opened on May 18, 2016.

Line 2 runs in the east–west direction of the city, linking the university city and Fuzhou High-Tech Zone in Minhou county, Jinshan Industrial Zone in Cangshan district, and Gushan mountain in Jin'an district. Line 2 was opened on 26 April 2019.

Seaport

The dock in Luoyuan Bay, Fuzhou. The construction of a new industrial park is still in progress. Lo-nguong Bay.jpg
The dock in Luoyuan Bay, Fuzhou. The construction of a new industrial park is still in progress.

Passenger liners regularly sail between ROC's Matsu Islands and the port in Mawei District. [49] [50]

A high-speed ferry sails across Taiwan Strait between the port in Pingtan County, the mainland's closest point to Taiwan, to Taipei and Taichung, a trip that takes about 3 hours. [51]

History of Fuzhou port

In 1867 the Fuzhou seaport was the site of one of China's first major experiments with Western technology, when the Fuzhou Navy Yard was established. A shipyard and an arsenal were built under French guidance and a naval school was opened. A naval academy was also established at the shipyard, and it became a center for the study of European languages and technical sciences. The academy, which offered courses in English, French, engineering, and navigation, produced a generation of Western-trained officers, including the famous scholar-reformer Yan Fu (1854–1921).

The yard was established as part of a program to strengthen China in the wake of the country's disastrous defeat in the Second Opium War (1856–1860). Most talented students nonetheless continued to pursue a traditional Confucian education, and by the mid-1870s the government began to lose interest in the shipyard, which had trouble securing funds and declined in importance. Fuzhou remained essentially a commercial center and a port until World War II; it had relatively little industry. The port was occupied by the Japanese during 1940–1945.

Since 1949, Fuzhou has grown considerably. Transportation has been improved by the dredging of the Min River for navigation by medium-sized craft upstream to Nanping. In 1956 the railway linking Fuzhou with the interior of the province and with the main Chinese railway system began operation. The port has also been improved; Fuzhou itself is no longer accessible to seagoing ships, but Luoxingta anchorage and the outer harbor at Guantou on the coast of the East China Sea have been modernized and improved. The chief exports are timber, fruits, paper, and foodstuffs.

Economy

Fuzhou's GDP (Nominal) trend [6]
YearGDP
(billions of CN¥)		Growth (%)
2005172.0009.8
2006165.69412.2
2007197.45915.1
2008228.41613.0
2009252.42812.8
2010306.82114.0
2011373.47813.0
Taijiang District (Financial District) of Fuzhou. Fuzhou Taijiang.jpg
Taijiang District (Financial District) of Fuzhou.

Industry is supplied with power by a grid running from the Gutian hydroelectric scheme in the mountains to the northwest. The city is a center for commercial banking, designer brands and timber-working, engineering, papermaking, printing, and textile industries. A small iron and steel plant was built in 1958. In 1984 Fuzhou was designated one of China's "open" cities in the new open-door policy inviting foreign investments. Handicrafts remain important in the rural areas, and the city is famous for its lacquer and wood products.

Its GDP was ¥75,614 (c. US$12,140) per capita in 2015, ranked no. 52 among 659 Chinese cities.

Fuzhou is undoubtedly the province's political, economic and cultural center as well as an industrial center and seaport on the Min River. In 2008, Fuzhou's GDP amounted to ¥228.4 billion, an increase of 13 percent. [52]

Manufactured products include chemicals, silk and cotton textiles, iron and steel, and processed food. Among Fuzhou's exports are fine lacquerware and handcrafted fans and umbrellas. The city's trade is mainly with Chinese coastal ports. Its exports of timber, food products, and paper move through the harbor at Guantou located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) downstream. [53]

In 2008, exports reached US$13.6 billion, a growth of 10.4 percent while imports amounted to US$6.8 billion. Total retail sales for the same period came to ¥113.4 billion and per capita GDP grew to ¥33,615. [53] During the same period, Fuzhou approved 155 foreign-invested projects. Contracted foreign investment amounted to US$1.489 billion, while utilized foreign investment increased by 43 percent to US$1.002 billion. [53]

Taixi Central Business District Fuzhou Cityscape (Taixi CBD).jpg
Taixi Central Business District

Economic and technological zones

Fuzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone

The Fuzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone was established in January 1985 by the State Council, with a total planning area of 22 square kilometres (8.5 sq mi) and now has 10.1 square kilometres (3.9 sq mi) built. It is located close to Fuzhou Changle International Airport and Fuzhou Port. Industries encouraged in the zone include electronics assembly and manufacturing, telecommunications equipment, trading and distribution, automobile production/assembly, medical equipment and supplies, shipping/warehousing/logistics, and heavy industry. [54]

Fuzhou Export Processing Zone

The Fuzhou Export Processing Zone was founded on June 3, 2005, with the approval of the State Council and enjoys all the preferential policies. It is located inside the Chang'an Investment Zone of the Fuzhou Economic and Technical Development Zone (FETDZ) with a planned land area of 1.14 square kilometres (0.44 sq mi). [55]

Fuzhou Free Trade Zone

The Fuzhou Free Trade Zone was established in 1992 by the State Council, with a planning area of 1.8 square kilometres (0.69 sq mi). Industries encouraged in the free trade zone include electronics assembly and manufacturing, heavy industry, instruments and industrial equipment production, shipping/warehousing/logistics, telecommunications equipment, trading, and distribution. [56]

Fuzhou High-Tech Industrial Development Zone

Residential buildings in Fuzhou Residential Buildings in Fuzhou.jpg
Residential buildings in Fuzhou

Fuzhou High-tech Development Zone was set up in 1988 and approved by the State Council in March 1991. In 1995, the Fuzhou municipal government decided to build Baiyi Electronic Information City, which covers 1.2 square kilometres (0.46 sq mi) in the zone, making it the lead electronic industrial zone in Fuzhou. The Administrative Commission of Mawei High-tech Park was set up in the zone in 1999. It covers an area of 5.6 square kilometres (2.2 sq mi), and is in the area between Gushan Channel and Mawei Channel, Jiangbin Road and Fuma Road. [57]

Fuzhou Science and Technology Park

The Fuzhou Science and Technology Park was established in 1988 and was approved to be a national-level zone by the State Council in 1991. The planned area is 5.5 square kilometres (2.1 sq mi) and is divided into 3 parts: the Mawei portion, the Cangshan portion, and the Hongshan portion. The main industries are electronics, information technology, and biotechnology. The zone is 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) away from the China National Highway 316 and 41 kilometres (25 mi) away from the Fuzhou Changle International Airport. [58]

Fuzhou Taiwan Merchant Investment Area

The Fuzhou Taiwan Merchants Development Zone was approved to be established in May 1989 by the State Council. The zone is located in the Fuzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. The zone is a commercial base for Taiwan-related development. The current area is 6 square kilometres (2.3 sq mi). The main industries are IT, metallurgy, food processing, and textiles. The zone is 11.5 kilometres (7.1 mi) away from the 316 National Highway and 52 kilometres (32 mi) away from Fuzhou Changle International Airport. [59]

Cityscape

Fuzhou skyline, the city hall is on the left, and the Financial District is on the right. Fuzhou skyline.jpg
Fuzhou skyline, the city hall is on the left, and the Financial District is on the right.
Fuzhou Taixi Central Business District Fuzhou Taixi CBD.jpg
Fuzhou Taixi Central Business District
Panorama of West Lake (Xi Hu ) West Lake Fuzhou.jpg
Panorama of West Lake (西湖)

Tourist attractions

Historical / cultural

Sanfang Qixiang (三坊七巷) "Three Lanes and Seven Alleys" is a cluster of ancient residential buildings dating from the late Jin dynasty now features a pedestrian zone with shops along the street. Situated at the centre of the city at Gulou District, it is the most popular touristic destination in the city. Many buildings were revitalized recently to increase tourism.

Interior of St. Dominic's Cathedral, Fuzhou St. Dominic's Cathedral Fuzhou Post-Renovation Interior.webp
Interior of St. Dominic's Cathedral, Fuzhou

Recreational

Fuzhou Beach Park Fuzhou Beach Park.jpg
Fuzhou Beach Park

Notable people

Fuzhou Memorial Hall of Lin Zexu Fuzhou Linzexu.jpg
Fuzhou Memorial Hall of Lin Zexu

Education

Colleges and universities

The old campus of Fujian Normal University Hwa nan college.JPG
The old campus of Fujian Normal University

Three Universities above take the leading position in the province, and they are supported by Fujian Government to build High-level University. [60] [61]

Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.

High schools

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ /fuːˈdʒoʊ/ ; [5] Chinese : 福州 ; pinyin :Fúzhōu, Fuzhounese: Hokchew, Hók-ciŭ; alternately romanized as Foochow

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Fujian Free-Trade Zone, officially China (Fujian) Pilot Free-Trade Zone is a free-trade zone in Fujian province, China. The mainland free-trade zone is the nearest to Taiwan. The zone covers an area of 118.04 square kilometres and integrates three existing bonded zones in three areas — Pingtan Subdistrict, Fuzhou Subdistrict and Xiamen Subdistrict. Fujian FTZ was founded in Mawei District, Fuzhou on 21 April 2015.

Fuzhounese Americans, also known as Hokchew Americans or Fuzhou Americans or imprecisely Fujianese, are Chinese American people of Fuzhou descent, in particular from the Changle district. Many Chinese restaurant workers in the United States are from Fuzhou. There are also a number of undocumented Fuzhounese immigrants in the United States who are smuggled in by groups such as snakeheads.

Jiangtian is a town with the longest coastline in Changle district. Jiangtian Town is ranked as a leading economic town in Fuzhou city with its strong development momentum. In recent years, it is becoming one of the major gathering places for industrial development and investment in Fuzhou city, Fujian province. Clothing industry, and steel industry are the major industries in Jiangtian Town. The tourism in Jiangtian Town is another developing industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fujian–Taiwan relationship</span> Relations between Taiwan and the Mainland Chinese province of Fujian

The Fujian–Taiwan relations, also known as the Min–Tai relations, refers to the relationship between Fujian, which is located in Mainland China, and Taiwan, which is across the Taiwan Strait. Since the average width of the Taiwan Strait is 180 kilometers, Fujian and Taiwan are adjacent, similar in both climate and environment. Although the relationship between Taiwan and Fujian has changed with the development of history, the two places have maintained close relations in terms of personnel, economy, military, culture and other aspects. At present, Taiwan residents are mostly descendants of immigrants from mainland China, of which the southern Fujian ethnic group is the main group, accounting for 73.5% of Taiwan's total population. In terms of culture, language, religion, and customs, Fujian and Taiwan also share similarities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nantai Island</span> River island in Fuzhou, Fujian, China

Nantai is the largest island in the Min River of Fujian. It is located in the center of the Fuzhou Plain, surrounded by the "north harbor" of the Min (闽江北港) and the Wulong River, or "south harbor" of the Min. It has the nickname "Island of Chinese snowballs and jade" (琼花玉岛).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zhanglin railway station</span> Railway station in Fuzhou

Zhanglin railway station is a railway station located in Gushan, Jin'an District, in the northeast of the city of Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

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Sources

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