Changzhou 常州市 Changchow | |
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Qingfeng Park Changzhou skyline Liyang Museum Worker's Cultural Palace Diaoqiao Road | |
Coordinates(Changzhou municipal government): 31°48′40″N119°58′26″E / 31.811°N 119.974°E | |
Country | People's Republic of China |
Province | Jiangsu |
Municipal seat | Xinbei District |
Divisions | 5 districts, 1 city |
Government | |
• Party Secretary | Chen Jinhu(陈金虎) [1] |
• Mayor | Zhou Wei(周伟) Acting |
Area | |
4,384.58 km2 (1,692.90 sq mi) | |
• Urban | 1,872.1 km2 (722.8 sq mi) |
Population (2020 census [2] ) | |
5,278,121 | |
• Density | 1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi) |
• Urban | 3,601,079 |
• Urban density | 1,900/km2 (5,000/sq mi) |
• Metro | 12,400,000 |
GDP [4] | |
• Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 705 billion US$ 106.7 billion |
• Per capita | CN¥149,275 US$22,600 |
Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Postal code | 213000, 213100 (Urban center) 213200, 213300 (Other areas) |
Area code | 0519 |
ISO 3166 code | CN-JS-04 |
License Plate Prefix | 苏D |
Local dialect | Wu: Changzhou dialect |
Website | changzhou |
Changzhou is a prefecture-level city in southern Jiangsu, China. It was previously known as Yanling, Lanling, and Jinling. Located on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, Changzhou borders the provincial capital of Nanjing to the west, Zhenjiang to the northwest, Wuxi to the east, and the province of Zhejiang to the south. The population of the Changzhou Municipality was 5,278,121 at the 2020 census. [3] [2] The city is the birthplace of Zhou Youguang who created the pinyin romanization system.
Changzhou | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Chinese | 常州 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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As approved by State Council on June 8,1995,Wujin County was promoted to Wujin City,with the government set in Hutang Town. In 1999,as approved by the provincial government,Taixiang Town of Jiaoqu District was revoked and incorporated into Xueyan Town of Wujin City. [5]
Changzhou is located in the Yangtze River Delta region,in the northwestern part of the Taihu Lake Plain. It is bordered by the Yangtze River in the north,Taihu Lake in the south,Anhui Province and Nanjing in the southwest,Wuxi in the east and Zhenjiang in the west. It is equidistant from Shanghai and Nanjing,and 144 kilometres from the provincial capital Nanjing. Southwest of the Yili mountains,mountain peaks have Maoshan. [6]
Changzhou has Tao Lake and Ge Lake. Rivers are Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,Wuyi Canal,Tai Ge Canal,Jingxi,South Canal and so on. Changzhou has a dense network of waterways,and in the 1930s,when flooding broke out in the southern part of the Yangtze River,Zhou Chen went to the southern part of the Yangtze River to control the water,he greatly promoted the enclosure of lakes to create fields. The local government created 37,000 mu of land in 20 years,making Furong Lake,Yang Lake and Linjin Lake gradually shrink to the point of disappearing. [7] [8]
The climate is Humid Subtropical Cfa,with cool winters and hot and humid summers. Changzhou has a wide range of temperature differences throughout the year.
Climate data for Changzhou (1991–2020 normals,extremes 1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 21.2 (70.2) | 26.7 (80.1) | 30.6 (87.1) | 33.6 (92.5) | 35.2 (95.4) | 37.8 (100.0) | 39.4 (102.9) | 38.2 (100.8) | 38.2 (100.8) | 32.1 (89.8) | 29.4 (84.9) | 22.2 (72.0) | 39.4 (102.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) | 9.9 (49.8) | 14.7 (58.5) | 21.0 (69.8) | 26.3 (79.3) | 29.0 (84.2) | 32.6 (90.7) | 32.1 (89.8) | 28.1 (82.6) | 22.9 (73.2) | 16.8 (62.2) | 10.1 (50.2) | 20.9 (69.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) | 5.7 (42.3) | 10.1 (50.2) | 16.0 (60.8) | 21.4 (70.5) | 24.9 (76.8) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.2 (82.8) | 24.0 (75.2) | 18.5 (65.3) | 12.3 (54.1) | 6.0 (42.8) | 16.6 (61.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) | 2.5 (36.5) | 6.4 (43.5) | 11.8 (53.2) | 17.3 (63.1) | 21.6 (70.9) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.3 (77.5) | 20.8 (69.4) | 15.0 (59.0) | 8.8 (47.8) | 2.8 (37.0) | 13.2 (55.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −12.8 (9.0) | −8.8 (16.2) | −4.2 (24.4) | −1.0 (30.2) | 6.8 (44.2) | 13.3 (55.9) | 17.0 (62.6) | 17.8 (64.0) | 10.4 (50.7) | 2.9 (37.2) | −4.2 (24.4) | −11.2 (11.8) | −12.8 (9.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 59.7 (2.35) | 57.5 (2.26) | 80.6 (3.17) | 86.0 (3.39) | 95.8 (3.77) | 206.8 (8.14) | 217.4 (8.56) | 178.4 (7.02) | 84.0 (3.31) | 59.4 (2.34) | 54.1 (2.13) | 38.9 (1.53) | 1,218.6 (47.97) |
Average precipitation days (≥0.1 mm) | 9.8 | 9.4 | 11.1 | 10.4 | 11.2 | 12.7 | 12.9 | 12.8 | 8.5 | 7.7 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 122.4 |
Average snowy days | 3.3 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 8.1 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 75 | 73 | 71 | 69 | 70 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 77 | 74 | 75 | 72 | 74 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 125.5 | 128.1 | 152.3 | 180.9 | 189.4 | 150.8 | 199.8 | 202.2 | 176.3 | 174.8 | 147.6 | 139.7 | 1,967.4 |
Percent possible sunshine | 39 | 41 | 41 | 46 | 44 | 35 | 46 | 50 | 48 | 50 | 47 | 45 | 44 |
Source 1:China Meteorological Administration [9] [10] | |||||||||||||
Source 2:Weather China [11] |
The prefecture-level city of Changzhou administers seven county-level divisions,including five districts and one county-level city.
Its total population was 5,278,121 inhabitants at the 2020 census,a 1.4% annual increase since the previous census.
Subdivision | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2020) [12] | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
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City Proper | |||||
Tianning District | 天宁区 | Tiānníng Qū | 668,906 | 154.84 | 3,317.50 |
Zhonglou District | 钟楼区 | Zhōnglóu Qū | 658,537 | 132.93 | 3,806.03 |
Suburban | |||||
Xinbei District | 新北区 | Xīnběi Qū | 883,125 | 508.91 | 1,172.72 |
Wujin District | 武进区 | Wǔjìn Qū | 1,277,487 | 1,065.26 | 1,571.56 |
Jintan District | 金坛区 | Jīntán Qū | 585,081 | 975.68 | 565.81 |
Satellite cities (County-level cities) | |||||
Liyang City | 溧阳市 | Lìyáng Shì | 785,092 | 1,534.52 | 488.35 |
Total | 5,278,121 | 4,372.15 | 1,050.28 | ||
Dissolved district:Qishuyan District |
Changzhou is an educational hub and is home to several universities,including Changzhou University,Hohai University (Changzhou campus),Jiangsu Teachers' University of Science and Technology,Jiangsu Teachers' University of Technology,and Changzhou Institute of Technology. The city also has a number of prominent secondary schools,including the Changzhou Senior High School of Jiangsu Province.
Since 1908,Changzhou has been linked by rail with Shanghai and Nanjing (see below for transportation).
Changzhou data was reported at 662.228 RMB bn in Dec 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 577.386 RMB bn for Dec 2016. China's CN:GDP:Jiangsu:Changzhou data is updated yearly,averaging 130.818 RMB bn from Dec 1991 to 2017,with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 662.228 RMB bn in 2017 and a record low of 10.545 RMB bn in 1991. China's CN:GDP:Jiangsu:Changzhou data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database's National Accounts –Table CN.AE:Gross Domestic Product:Prefecture Level City. [13]
Approval for the establishment of Changzhou Export Processing Zone was given in June 2005 with a planned area of 1.66 km2 (0.64 sq mi). Near to Shanghai and Nanjing via convenient transportation links,the zone began operation in October 2006. Investors enjoy a series of preferential policies whilst all handle export procedures are handled inside the export processing zone. The zone focuses on electronic information,electromechanical integration and new materials. [14]
Changzhou National Hi-Tech District (CND) is a state-level high-tech industrial development zone. It is located in the northern part of Changzhou city. With a population of 500,000 and an area of 439 square km,the district is 160 km (99 mi) from Shanghai to the east and 110 km (68 mi) from Nanjing to the west. The district represents the highest-level and most sophisticated industrial park in Changzhou. More than 1,300 foreign companies and over 5,000 local industrial enterprises have been registered within the district of which around 40% are from European and American countries. Industries encouraged include engineering machinery,transformer &transmission equipment,automotive,locomotive &locomotive components,parts,precision machinery,biotechnology,pharmaceuticals,photo-voltaic (PV) and new materials,chemicals,garment and textiles production,computer software and research &development. Some major investors include Terex,Komatsu,Ashland Chemical,Johnson,Caltex Oil Corp.,Disa,+GF+,Rieter and General Electronics. [15]
The city's metro system,Changzhou Metro,started the operation on 21 September 2019 with the opening of Line 1. [16] Line 2 opened on 28 June 2021.
Located just south of the Chang Jiang (Yangtze River),Changzhou station is situated on the original Beijing–Shanghai railway. Changzhou North station was completed in 2011 and is located in the north of Changzhou in the Xinbei district on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway. Changzhou is also one of the main stops on the busy Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway,with two stations located in Changzhou (Changzhou station and Qishuyan station).
Changzhou Benniu International Airport in Xinbei District is approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) from the city center.
Changzhou has a network of four elevated freeways:the Longcheng Avenue in the north,the Longjiang road in the west,the Qingyang road in the east,and the Changhong road/Jinwu (Jintan-Wujin) Freeway in the south. Together,these four roads make up the "Outer Ring Elevated Road" system.
Use of the BRT System costs one yuan and provides access throughout Changzhou. The BRT-only stations and road sections have the following specifications: separate bus lanes or bus-only roadways, a vast network of routes and corridors, high capacity buses operating both outside and inside these corridors, greater passenger volume as compared to that in mixed traffic lanes (about 3000 pphpd), enhanced station environments (not just simple bus shelters), pre-boarding fare collection and fare verification, electric buses, centralized system controls, real-time next bus information app, segregated bike lanes along main corridor(s) as well as station access for disabled persons.
The Changzhou dialect is a member of the Wu Chinese language family.
Other famous handicrafts of Changzhou are silk embroidery in a "crisscross" style and carvings made from green bamboo.
Changzhou is the home of the China Dinosaurs Park located in the Xinbei District of the city. The 5A rated Dinosaur Park has a collection of dinosaur bones and fossils from all over China. The park has 50 various fossils and more than 30 amusement programs including the Brontosaurus Roller Coaster and the Whirling Dinosaur Carriage. The fossils are located in a museum housed in a single building and the amusement rides are spread throughout the park which is categorized into six themed areas. Besides fossils and family oriented rides, Dinosaur Park is home to a giant panda and sea lions. [17]
In 2011, a new amusement park called CC Joyland (Chinese :环球动漫嬉戏谷; pinyin :Huánqiú dòngmàn xīxì gǔ) opened in Taihuwan near Taihu lake in Wujin District in the south of Changzhou.[ citation needed ]
The city is also home to the Tianning Temple—one of the largest Zen Buddhist temple and monasteries in China. The city recently rebuilt the Tianning pagoda in the temple grounds, which is adjacent to Hongmei Park. The pagoda, called the Tianning Baota , was first built during the Tang dynasty (AD 618 – 907). Since that time it has been destroyed and rebuilt five times. The current reconstruction is built to the height specification of 153.79 m (504.6 ft). This makes it the tallest pagoda in China and perhaps also the world. Both the Hongmei Park and Tianning Temple are located just to the east of the city centre. [18]
As Changzhou is noted for its combs, the city has reconstructed its Fine Comb Lane area with contemporary architecture. Changzhou combs can be purchased in most places in the city.
Other sites include Changzhou's sunken city and area of archaeological ruins from the Spring and Autumn period.
Dongpo Park is located in the east part of downtown of Changzhou city, and its original name is Dongjiao Park. It covers 2.667 hectares, and is a typical Jiangnan Garden composed of cultural sites and natural landscape.[ citation needed ] During the time of south Song dynasty, the civilians of Changzhou established Yizhou Pavilion to commemorate, Su Dongpo, who was the great literature master and used to come to Changzhou. During the time of Qing dynasty, Kangxi and Qianlong, two emperors southwardly visited, they ordered to build up the temporary palace here and reconstructed this pavilion.[ citation needed ]
Changzhou also has attractive gardens such as the Wei Yuan. The Old Museum of Wisteria is also located in the city.
Jiangsu is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the third smallest, but the fifth most populous, with a population of 84.75 million, and the most densely populated of the 23 provinces of the People's Republic of China. Jiangsu has the highest GDP per capita and second-highest GDP of Chinese provinces, after Guangdong. Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. Jiangsu has a coastline of over 1,000 kilometers (620 mi) along the Yellow Sea, and the Yangtze River passes through the southern part of the province.
Wuxi is a city in southern Jiangsu, China. As of the 2020 census, it had a population of 7,462,135. The city lies in the southern Yangtze delta and borders Lake Tai. Notable landmarks include Lihu Park, the Mt. Lingshan Grand Buddha Scenic Area and its 88-meter (289 ft)-tall Grand Buddha at Ling Shan statue, Xihui Park, Wuxi Zoo, and the Wuxi Museum. Transportation options include Sunan Shuofang International Airport, Wuxi Metro, Shanghai–Nanjing intercity high-speed railway, and Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway. Wuxi is home to Jiangnan University.
Jiangyin is a county-level city on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, and is administered by Wuxi, Jiangsu province. Jiangyin is one of the most important transport hubs on the Yangtze River, it is also one of the most developed counties in China. With 1,595,138 inhabitants as of the 2010 census,[1] the city is now part of Jiangyin-Zhangjiagang-Jingjiang built-up or metropolitan area with 3,526,260 inhabitants
Liyang is a county-level city under the administration of Changzhou in the Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China. In 2020, it had a population of 785,092. It borders the prefecture-level divisions of Wuxi to the east, Xuancheng (Anhui) to the south, and Nanjing to the west.
Yangzhou is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province, East China. Sitting on the north bank of the Yangtze, it borders the provincial capital Nanjing to the southwest, Huai'an to the north, Yancheng to the northeast, Taizhou to the east, and Zhenjiang across the river to the south. Its population was 4,559,797 at the 2020 census and its urban area is home to 2,635,435 inhabitants, including three urban districts, currently in the agglomeration.
Yixing is a county-level city administered under the prefecture-level city of Wuxi in southern Jiangsu province, China, and is part of the Yangtze River Delta. The city is known for its traditional Yixing clay ware tea pots. It is a pene-exclave with Changzhou. The city spans an area of 1,996.6 square kilometres (770.9 sq mi), and has a registered hukou population of about 1,075,800 as of 2020.
Jintan District is a district under the administration of Changzhou in the Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China.
Taizhou is a city in Jiangsu in eastern China. Situated on the north bank of the Yangtze River, it borders Nantong to the east, Yancheng to the north and Yangzhou to the west.
Jingjiang is a county-level city under the administration of Taizhou, Jiangsu province, China. It is located on the northern (left) bank of the Yangtze River, and is the southernmost part of Taizhou City, bordering Nantong to the northeast, Suzhou to the southeast, Wuxi to the south, Changzhou to the southwest, and Zhenjiang to the west. The area of Jingjiang is 655.6 square kilometres and the population was 663,408 at the 2020 census.
Wujin District is a district under the jurisdiction of Changzhou in Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China. In 2005 Wujin was ranked as 8th in the top 100 best cities and counties in mainland China.
Xinbei District, alternatively called the New District or the High-tech Development Zone, is one of five districts under the jurisdiction of Changzhou in Jiangsu province of China. The local language is the Changzhou dialect of Wu Chinese. It covers an area of 425 km2 (164 sq mi) in the northern part of Changzhou's administrative area. In 2005 the total population was recorded at 480,000 people. The postal code for the district is 213161.
Tianning District is one of five districts under the jurisdiction of Changzhou in Jiangsu province of the People's Republic of China. The local language is the Changzhou dialect of Wu Chinese. The postal code for the district is 213003.
Changzhou Senior High School was founded on November 15, 1907. It is located in downtown of Changzhou, itself a city with 2500 years of history, and adjacent to the picturesque local attractions Hongmei Park and Tianning Temple. In a 2016 ranking of Chinese high schools which sent students to American universities, the high school ranked number 49th.
The Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway or Huning intercity railway is a 301-kilometer (187 mi)-long high-speed rail line between Shanghai and Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province. Hù and Níng are shorthand Chinese names for Shanghai and Nanjing, respectively. The Huning intercity high-speed railway largely follows the route of the preexisting Nanjing-Shanghai section of the conventional Beijing–Shanghai railway and the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway. Construction of this high-speed railway began in July 2008. The line went into test operations in early April 2010, and opened for full service on July 1, 2010. The line has a design speed of 350 km/h (217 mph). The journey time between the two cities has been shortened from 120 minutes to 73 minutes on nonstop trains. According to the arrangements of related departments, 120 pairs of trains are operating on the line, and the time interval between services is 5 minutes at the shortest.
The Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway, designated as G42 and commonly referred to as the Hurong Expressway is an east–west bound expressway that connects the eastern metropolis of Shanghai to Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan. The expressway passes through six provinces and serves major cities such as Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Nanjing, Hefei, Wuhan, and Yichang. The eastern terminus of G42 is at the Wuning Road Interchange of Shanghai Middle Ring Road. At its western terminus, the expressway intersects the East 3rd Ring Road and connects East Erxianqiao Road in Chenghua District, Chengdu. The expressway spans 1,960 km (1,220 mi) in length.
The G4011 Yangzhou–Liyang Expressway, commonly referred to as the Yangli Expressway, is an expressway in China that connects Yangzhou, Jiangsu and Liyang, Jiangsu. It is a spur of G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway and is completely in Jiangsu Province.
The Shanghai–Nanjing Expressway is the main expressway between the Chinese cities of Shanghai and Nanjing. It is also the busiest expressway in China. The expressway began construction on June 14, 1992, was completed in February 1996, and opened to traffic November 28, 1996. That year, it was listed as a key national construction project.
Canal 5 Creative Campus is located in Changzhou, Zhonglou District, Sanbao Street No.141. It founded in the end of 2008. It covers 36388 square meters and the floor area is about 32000 square meters large.
The Shanghai–Changzhou Expressway, commonly referred to as the Huchang Expressway, is a completed 170.7-kilometre-long Chinese expressway (106.1 mi) that connects the cities of Shanghai and Changzhou. In Shanghai, it is designated S26, and in Jiangsu, it is designated S58. It connects the cities of Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, and Changzhou and serves as an important expressway between the province of Jiangsu and the direct-controlled municipality of Shanghai.
G4221 Shanghai–Wuhan Expressway is an expressway in China. It starts at Shanghai, passing through Taicang, Changshu, Jiangyin, Jintan District of Changzhou, Lishui District of Nanjing, Ma'anshan, Chao Lake, Lujiang County, Yuexi County, Yingshan County and Tuanfeng County, ending in Wuhan.