Nanchang

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Nanchang
南昌市
Prefecture-level city
Nanchang Skyline.jpg
Nanchang Skyline, with the Pavilion of Prince Teng in the front
Nanchang sunrise.jpg
Sunrise in Nanchang
Nanchang Xinsijun Junbu Jiuzhi 20120608-02 (cropped).jpg
New Fourth Army Headquarters
StarOfNanchang20070718.jpg
Nanchang Bayi Guangchang 20120723-20 (cropped).jpg
Nickname(s): 
Hongcheng (洪城 lit. Grand City[ citation needed ]), Hongdu (洪都 lit. Grand Metropolis[ citation needed ]), Yuzhang (豫章)
Nanchang
Location of Nanchang Prefecture within Jiangxi (China).png
Location of Nanchang City jurisdiction in Jiangxi
Eastern China blank relief map.svg
Red pog.svg
Nanchang
Location in eastern China
China edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Nanchang
Nanchang (China)
Coordinates(Nanchang municipal government): 28°40′59″N115°51′29″E / 28.683°N 115.858°E / 28.683; 115.858
Country China
Province Jiangxi
County-level divisions 6 districts, 3 counties
Municipal seat Honggutan District
Government
 • Type Prefecture-level city
 • Body Nanchang Municipal People's Congress
 •  CCP Secretary Wu Xiaojun
 •  Congress ChairmanWu Weizhu
 •  Mayor Ge Guangming
 •  CPPCC ChairmanLiu Jiafu
Area
 •  Prefecture-level city 7,194 km2 (2,778 sq mi)
 • Urban
686 km2 (265 sq mi)
 • Metro
4,588 km2 (1,771 sq mi)
Elevation
37 m (122 ft)
Population
 (2020 census) [1]
 •  Prefecture-level city 6,255,007
 • Density870/km2 (2,300/sq mi)
 •  Urban
3,929,660
 • Urban density5,700/km2 (15,000/sq mi)
 •  Metro
5,382,162
 • Metro density1,200/km2 (3,000/sq mi)
GDP [2]
 •  Prefecture-level city CN¥ 400.0 billion
US$ 64.2 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 75,879
US$ 12,183
Time zone UTC+8 (CST)
Postal code
330000
ISO 3166 code CN-JX-01
Licence plate prefixes 赣A, 赣M
City Flower Chinese Rose
City Tree Camphor Laurel
Website nc.gov.cn
Nanchang
NC in Chinese.svg
"Nanchang" in Chinese characters
Tengwang Pavilion Nan Chang Teng Wang Ge .jpg
Tengwang Pavilion
Historical map of Nanchang Nan Chang Fu Zhi Tu .JPG
Historical map of Nanchang

Imperial era

The territories encompassing modern-day Jiangxi Province—including Nanchang—was first incorporated into China during the Qin dynasty, when it was conquered from the Baiyue peoples and organized as Jiujiang Commandery (Chinese :九江郡). [6] In 201 BC, during the Han dynasty, the city was given the Chinese name Nanchang and became the administrative seat of Yuzhang Commandery (豫章郡), and was governed by Guan Ying, one of Emperor Gaozu of Han's generals. [6] The name Nanchang means "southern flourishing", derived from a motto of developing what is now southern China that is traditionally attributed to Emperor Gaozu himself. [6]

In AD 589, during the Sui dynasty, this commandery was changed into a prefecture named Hongzhou (洪州), and after 763 it became the provincial center of Jiangxi, which was then beginning the rapid growth that by the 12th century made it the most populous province in China.

In 653 the Tengwang Pavilion was constructed, and in 675 Wang Bo wrote the classic "Tengwang Ge Xu", a poetic introductory masterpiece celebrating the building, making the building, the city, and the author himself known to literate Chinese-speaking population ever since. [7] The Pavilion has been destroyed and rebuilt several times throughout history. [8] Its present form was reconstructed in the 1980s after being destroyed in 1929 during the Chinese Civil War. [9]

In 959, under the Southern Tang regime, Nanchang was made superior prefecture and the southern capital. After the conquest by the Song regime in 981 it was reverted to the name Hongzhou. In 1164 it was renamed Longxing prefecture, which name it retained until 1368. During the Yuan dynasty it was the capital of Jiangxi Province, an area that included Guangdong as well. At the end of the Yuan (Mongol) period (1279–1368), it became a battleground between Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), and the rival local warlord, Chen Youliang. At the beginning of the 16th century it was the power base from which Zhu Chenhao, the Prince of Ning, launched a rebellion against the emperor.

During the Yuan Dynasty, it might have been the centre of porcelain trade. [10]

During the reign of the Wanli Emperor of the Ming dynasty, it housed relatives of the emperor who had been exiled because they were potential claimants of the imperial throne, members of the imperial family constituting about one quarter of the city's population; as a result of this, Matteo Ricci came here when trying to gain entry to Beijing. [11]

In the 1850s it suffered considerably as a result of the Taiping Rebellion (1850–64), and its importance as a commercial centre declined as the overland routes to Canton were replaced by coastal steamship services in the latter half of the 19th century. Nanchang has, however, remained the undisputed regional metropolis of Jiangxi.

Republican era

On August 1, 1927, Nanchang was the site of one of a series of insurrections organized by the communists. The Nanchang Uprising, led by pro-communist Kuomintang officers under Soviet direction, succeeded in holding the city for only a few days, and provided a core of troops and a method of organization from which the People's Liberation Army (PLA) later developed.

In 1939, the Battle of Nanchang, a ferocious battle between the Chinese National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japan Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War took place. [12] [13] [14]

People's Republic era

By 1949, Nanchang was still essentially an old-style administrative and commercial city, with little industry apart from food processing; it had a population of about 275,000. Nanchang first acquired a rail connection in 1915, only connecting to the port city of Jiujiang by the Yangtze. Several other rail links have since been opened. After World War II a line was completed to Linchuan and Gongqi in the Ru River Valley to the south-southeast.

Since 1949, Nanchang has been extensively industrialized. It is now a large-scale producer of cotton textiles and cotton yarn. Paper making is also a major industry, as is food processing (especially rice milling). Heavy industry began to gain prominence in the mid-1950s. A large thermal-power plant was installed and uses coal brought by rail from Fengcheng to the south. A machinery industry also grew up, at first mainly concentrating on the production of agricultural equipment and diesel engines. Nanchang then became a minor centre of the automotive industry in China, producing trucks and tractors and also accessories such as tires. An iron-smelting plant helping to supply local industry was installed in the later 1950s. There is also a large chemical industry, producing agricultural chemicals and insecticides as well as pharmaceuticals.

Geography

Nanchang Satellite imagery 2005 Nanchang 115.88291E 28.68336N.jpg
Nanchang Satellite imagery 2005

Nanchang is located in inland southeastern China, 130 km (81 mi) south of the Yangtze River and is situated on the right bank of the Gan River just below its confluence with the Jin River and some 40 km (25 mi) southwest of its discharge into Poyang Lake.

Gan River Gan Jiang ,Nan Chang NanChang, JiangXi Province 22-04-12 - panoramio.jpg
Gan River

Climate

Nanchang has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with four distinct seasons. Winters are short and cool with occasional frosts; it begins somewhat sunny and dry but becomes progressively wetter and more overcast. Spring begins especially gloomy, and from April to June, each month has more than 220 mm (8.7 in) of rainfall. Summer is long and humid, with amongst the highest temperatures of any Chinese provincial capital, and with the sun shining close to 60 percent of the time in July and August, is the sunniest time of year. Autumn is warm to mild with the lowest rainfall levels of the year. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 5.9 °C (42.6 °F) in January to 29.6 °C (85.3 °F) in July, while the annual mean is 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). Annual precipitation stands at around 1,704 mm (67 in); with monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 27 percent in March to 56 percent in August, the city receives 1,809 hours of sunshine annually in average. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −9.7 °C (15 °F) on 29 December 1991 to 40.6 °C (105 °F) on 23 July 1961. [15]

Climate data for Nanchang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)25.3
(77.5)		28.7
(83.7)		32.5
(90.5)		34.6
(94.3)		36.5
(97.7)		37.7
(99.9)		40.6
(105.1)		39.7
(103.5)		38.7
(101.7)		38.6
(101.5)		32.3
(90.1)		26.1
(79.0)		40.6
(105.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)9.2
(48.6)		12.1
(53.8)		16.1
(61.0)		22.6
(72.7)		27.3
(81.1)		29.9
(85.8)		33.7
(92.7)		33.3
(91.9)		29.6
(85.3)		24.6
(76.3)		18.3
(64.9)		11.9
(53.4)		22.4
(72.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)5.9
(42.6)		8.4
(47.1)		12.2
(54.0)		18.4
(65.1)		23.3
(73.9)		26.2
(79.2)		29.6
(85.3)		29.2
(84.6)		25.6
(78.1)		20.3
(68.5)		14.2
(57.6)		8.2
(46.8)		18.5
(65.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)3.5
(38.3)		5.7
(42.3)		9.4
(48.9)		15.1
(59.2)		20.0
(68.0)		23.3
(73.9)		26.4
(79.5)		26.2
(79.2)		22.6
(72.7)		17.2
(63.0)		11.1
(52.0)		5.4
(41.7)		15.5
(59.9)
Record low °C (°F)−7.7
(18.1)		−9.3
(15.3)		−1.7
(28.9)		2.4
(36.3)		10.0
(50.0)		14.8
(58.6)		18.9
(66.0)		19.5
(67.1)		13.3
(55.9)		3.5
(38.3)		−0.8
(30.6)		−9.7
(14.5)		−9.7
(14.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)83.6
(3.29)		95.3
(3.75)		191.5
(7.54)		213.0
(8.39)		218.4
(8.60)		341.6
(13.45)		176.3
(6.94)		120.0
(4.72)		65.3
(2.57)		49.8
(1.96)		92.4
(3.64)		56.3
(2.22)		1,703.5
(67.07)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)12.912.817.316.515.616.111.010.56.66.79.59.5145
Average snowy days3.01.80.6000000001.06.4
Average relative humidity (%)74757877768175747368727074
Mean monthly sunshine hours 87.190.0101.1132.7155.5145.3237.5227.5191.0175.3138.1127.81,808.9
Percent possible sunshine 27282734373556565250434040
Source: China Meteorological Administration [16] [17] [18]

As of the 2020 Chinese census, Nanchang had a population of 6,255,007, of which 5,382,162 lived in built-up (urbanized) area consisting of 6 urban districts plus Nanchang County largely being urbanized. [19] 37 ethnic groups were counted amongst its prefecture divisions while 99.2% are Han chinese. The sex ratio in Nanchang is approximately 109 males to 100 females. The aged group (above 60) counts for 14.97% of the entire population. [20]

Administration

Map of Nanchang (NAN-CH'ANG) Txu-oclc-10552568-nh50-14-back.jpg
Map of Nanchang (NAN-CH'ANG)
Map
Division code [21] English Chinese Pinyin Area in km2 [22] SeatPostal codeSubdivisions [23]
Subdistricts Towns Townships Residential communitiesVillages
360100Nanchang南昌市Nánchāng Shì7194 [24] Honggutan District 3300003249316251161
360102 Donghu District 东湖区Dōnghú Qū30 Gongyuan Subdistrict (公园街道)330000915921
360103 Xihu District 西湖区Xīhú Qū43 Chaoyangzhou Subdistrict (朝阳洲街道)33000010113613
360104 Qingyunpu District 青云谱区Qīngyúnpǔ Qū40 Sanjiadian Subdistrict (三家店街道)330000516312
360111 Qingshanhu District 青山湖区Qīngshānhú Qū250 Jingdong (京东镇)33000036116101
360112 Xinjian District 新建区Xīnjiàn Qū2160 Changleng (长堎镇)33010010939300
360113 Honggutan District 红谷滩区Hónggǔtān Qū Shajing Subdistrict (沙井街道)33010021
360121 Nanchang County 南昌县Nánchāng Xiàn1811 Liantang (莲塘镇)33020011747311
360123 Anyi County 安义县Ānyì Xiàn660 Longjin (龙津镇)3305007316105
360124 Jinxian County 进贤县Jìnxián Xiàn1946 Minhe (民和镇)3317009237263

Economy

Shengli Road, downtown Nanchang Nan Chang Sheng Li Lu .JPG
Shengli Road, downtown Nanchang

Nanchang is a regional hub for agricultural production in Jiangxi province with its grain yield being 16.146 million tons in 2000. Products such as rice and oranges are economic staples. The Ford Motor Company has a plant in Nanchang, assembling the Ford Transit van as part of the Jiangling Motor joint venture. [25] Much of its industry revolves around aircraft manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, metallurgy, electro-mechanics, textile, chemical engineering, traditional Chinese medicine, pharmaceuticals and others. [26] Nanchang has a rapid economic development and ranks 15th among the fastest growing 20 cities in the world. It is one of the cities with the most potential for development in China and the world in the future.

In 2017, the city's gross regional product (GDP) was 500.319 billion yuan(US$80.03 billion ), an increase of 9.0% over the previous year. The primary industry's added value was 19.213 billion yuan, an increase of 4.0%; the secondary industry's added value was 266.61 billion yuan, an increase of 8.4%; The added value of the three industries was 214.496 billion yuan, an increase of 10.2%. The per capita GDP of 81,598 yuan was converted to 12,285 US dollars according to the average annual exchange rate, and the total fiscal revenue for the year was 78.282 billion yuan, an increase of 14.3% over the previous year.

Nanchang Greenland Center Square in Honggutan Nanchang - panoramio.jpg
Nanchang Greenland Center Square in Honggutan

The GDP of Nanchang in 2008 was 166 billion Yuan (US$24.3 billion ). The GDP per capita was 36,105 Yuan (US$5,285). The total value of imports and exports was 3.4 billion US dollars. The total financial revenue was 23 billion Yuan. [27]

Industrial zones

National level development zones [28]

Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone is located in Nanchang Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, it was approved by the State Council on May 8, 2006, and passed the national acceptance inspection on Sep 7th, 2007. It has a planning area of 1 km2 and now has built 0.31 km2. It enjoys simple and convenient customs clearances, and special preferential policies both for Nanchang National Export Expressing Zone and NCHDZ. [29]

Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone (NCHDZ for short hereafter) is the only national grade high-tech zoned in Jiangxi, it was established in Mar. 1991. The zone covers an area of 231 km2 (89 sq mi), in which 32 km2 (12 sq mi) have been completed. NCHDZ possesses unique nature condition and sound industry foundation of accepting electronics industry. NCHDZ has brought 25 percent industrial added value and 50 percent industrial benefit and tax to Nanchang city by using only 0.4 percent land area. [30]

Provincial level development zones [28]

Special economic district [28]

Transportation

Nanchang Railway Station East Square Nanchang Railway Station 20161003 071449.jpg
Nanchang Railway Station East Square

Nanchang has an advantageous geographic location and convenient transportation. It is praised as the “three rivers and five lakes, and the control of the finer and better lakes”[ citation needed ]. It relies on high-speed railways and aviation hubs to connect three important economic circles (Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Inter-provincial traffic corridors in Haixi District). Nanchang is one of the country's comprehensive transportation hubs and one of the most important integrated transportation hubs in Jiangxi.

Rail

The Nanchang is an important rail hub for southeastern China. The Beijing–Kowloon (Jingjiu) Railway, Shanghai–Kunming railway (formerly Zhejiang–Jiangxi or Zhegan Railway), Xiangtang–Putian railway and Nanchang–Jiujiang intercity railway converge in Nanchang. Nanchang's Bureau of Railways operates much of the railway network in Jiangxi and neighbouring Fujian province. The Nanchang railway station and the Nanchang West railway station are the primary passenger rail stations of the city. Nanchang is connected to Hangzhou, Changsha and Shanghai via CRH (China Railway High-speed) service.

Air

Nanchang International Airport NanChang International Airport.jpg
Nanchang International Airport

Nanchang Changbei International Airport (KHN) built in 1996 is the main international airport. It is situated in Lehua Town, 26 kilometres north of the CDB area. Changbei International Airport is the only one in Jiangxi Province which has an international air route. The airport is connected to major mainland cities such as Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Haikou, Shanghai and Beijing. [32] There is a military/civilian airport near Liantang, Nanchang County.

Nanchang Changbei International Airport is the largest airport in Jiangxi Province. In 2014, Nanchang Changbei Airport opened up to 10 international destinations. The airport handled 7.25 million passengers in 2014, an increase of 6.3%. Among them, the Nanchang aviation port exceeded 280,000 passengers, an increase of nearly 40%, becoming the airport's traffic volume. The important force of growth, and will continue to maintain rapid development. On December 6, 2017, the annual passenger throughput of Nanchang Airport exceeded 10 million passengers, making it the nation's 31st “million-grade airport”. In 2017, passenger throughput reached 10.93 million, a year-on-year increase of 39.0%, a net increase of passenger throughput of 3.07 million passengers; flights took off and 89,000 vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 35.2%; and cargo and mail throughput of 52,000 tons, an increase of 3.3%. In order to cooperate with the construction of the Beijing-Kowloon high-speed railway and Nanchang North Station airport complex transportation hub, large-scale expansion and upgrades are being carried out recently.

Road

The road transport infrastructure in Nanchang is extensive. A number of national highways cross through the city. They are the National roads No.105 from Beijing to Zhuhai, No.320 from Shanghai to Kunming, and No.316 from Fuzhou to Lanzhou. The major transport companies that operate in Nanchang are the Chang'an Transport Company Limited, the Nanchang Long-distance Bus Station, and the Xufang Bus Station. National Highway G70 crosses through Nanchang. Nanchang also built its round-city highway G70_01 opening in 2007.

The Nanchang Long-distance Bus Station serves long-distance routes to Nanjing, Shenzhen, Hefei and other cities outside Jiangxi Province. The Xufang Bus Station operates routes to cities, towns and counties within Jiangxi Province. [32]

Metro

Nanchang Rail Transit is the first rail transportation system in Jiangxi Province, the world's leading MRT system, the second batch of rail transit cities in China. It will connect Nanchang's main downtown area and each satellite city, the Nanchang Metro has been in service since 26th Dec 2015. Nanchang is the 25th city in mainland China to put into operation. The planning of Nanchang rail transit project started in 1999 and was officially started in 2009. The first phase of the No. 1 and No. 2 lines was 50,996 kilometers (the first line is the underground line). Line 1 was officially opened and operated at the end of 2015, and Line 2 of the “First Section” began trial operation on August 19, 2017.

Water

Nanchang is situated on the Gan River, the Fu River, Elephant Lake, Qingshan Lake, and Aixi Lake. Hence the water routes for Nanchang are critically important for the economy, trade and shipping. Nanchang Port is the biggest port on the Gan River. Passengers can take Nanchang Port and travel by boat to the Jinggang Shan and Tengwang Pavilion. There are passenger ships that also visit Poyang Lake, Stone Bell Hill, Poyang Lake Bird Protection Area, Dagu Hill and other attractions.

Landmarks

Bayi Square night view Ba Yi Yan Chang ,Nan Chang NanChang, JiangXi Province 22-04-12 - panoramio.jpg
Bayi Square night view

Education

Colleges and universities (note that institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed):

High schools:

International schools:

Notable people

Sport

Nanchang is the site of Jiangxi International Women's Tennis Open. [37]

Friendship cities

Notes

  1. ↑ UK: /nænˈtʃæŋ/ , US: /nɑːnˈtʃɒŋ/ ; [3] Chinese : 南昌 ; pinyin :Nánchāng

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Hangzhou–Nanchang high-speed railway or Hangchāng HSR is a dual-track, electrified, high-speed rail line between Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Huangshan, Anhui and Nanchang, Jiangxi. It can be divided into the Hangzhou–Huangshan section and the Huangshan–Nanchang section.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gongqingcheng</span> County-level & Sub-prefectural city in Jiangxi, Peoples Republic of China

Gongqingcheng is a sub-prefecture-level city in Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. It was established on 10 September 2010 in the jurisdiction of Jiujiang. It is located 62 kilometres (39 mi) north of Nanchang, the provincial capital. On 1 July 2014, it was re-designated as being directly administered by the province, i.e. a sub-prefecture-level city. Situated in the vicinity of De'an, Yongxiu, and Lushan counties, it lies in the foothills of Mount Lu and lies on the western shore of Poyang Lake. With an area of 193 square kilometres (75 sq mi), it is home to 120,000 people, including 68,000 permanent residents. There are plans for the city to expand the population to 400,000 people. It is the only city in China to be named after the Communist Youth League of China, which in Chinese is abbreviated to "共青团"; hence its name literally means "Communist Youth League City".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xiangtang, Jiangxi</span> Town in Jiangxi, Peoples Republic of China

Xiangtang is a town located to the south of Nanchang, the capital of China's Jiangxi province, under the administration of Nanchang County It is the most populous town in the province with the population more than 150,000 as of the 2010 census. The town was established from a village, which is still remaining near the present center of the town, during the Qing Dynasty. The village experienced fast growth when the main part of the Zhejiang–Jiangxi Railway was completed in 1935. Nowadays, Xiangtang has two main rail stations: Xiangtang West Station as the second largest freight yard in China and Xiangtang Station as a level-1 passenger station nationwide. It is the location of Nanchang Xiangtang Airport, Nanchang's main civil airport before Nanchang Changbei International Airport went into operation on September 10, 1999.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanchang Metro</span> Metro system in Nanchang, China

Nanchang Metro, officially Nanchang Rail Transit, is a rapid transit system in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. As of 2021, four lines are operational. The Metro opened for commercial operation in December 2015. The network is currently 128.3 km (79.7 mi) in length with 4 lines. A total length of 163 km (101.3 mi) of network is planned, with Line 5 which is currently under planning.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Xiangtang–Putian railway</span> Railway line in China

Xiangtang–Putian railway or Xiangpu railway, is a Class I higher-speed railway in eastern China linking Nanchang and Fúzhou (福州), the provincial capitals, respectively, of Jiangxi and Fujian Province. The line is named after Xiangtang, a township south of Nanchang, which was originally slated to serve as a terminus, and Putian, on the coast of Fujian, at which the southern branch of the Xiangpu railway terminates. The line actually begins at the Lehua East Station, a rail junction for the Beijing–Kowloon and Nanchang–Jiujiang intercity railways north of Nanchang. The line heads south to Nanchang West Railway Station and bypasses Xiangtang on its way to Fǔzhou (抚州). After entering Fujian, the line forks at Yongtai with the northern fork heading to Fúzhou (福州) and the southern fork going to Putian. The Nanchang to Yongtai section of the line plus the northern fork to Fuzhou is officially named the Nanchang–Fuzhou or Changfu railway. The southern fork is officially named the Yongtai–Putian or Yongpu railway.

Nanchang Yaohu Airport is an airport in Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, mainly used by Hongdu Aviation Industry Group Ltd., a major Chinese aircraft manufacturer, for test flights. It also serves as a general aviation airport.

Nanchang Xiangtang Airport is a People's Liberation Army Air Force Base in Xiangtang in East China's Jiangxi province. It served as the city's civilian airport from 1 January 1957 until 10 September 1999, when all commercial flights were transferred to the newly-built Nanchang Changbei International Airport.

Nanchang Zhidao Church, shortly Zhidao Church or Zhidao Tang, is one of the main Christian churches in Nanchang City, and the mother church of the Jiangxi Provincial Bible School. It is located at No. 112 Minde Road.

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