Hefei

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Hefei
合肥市
Hofei
Tian E Hu .jpg
Swan Lake CBD
Bao Gong Yuan Nei De Fu Zhuang 1.jpg
Baogong Park
Bao Zheng Li Shi Wen Hua Yuan Nei Jing Se  - panoramio.jpg
Lord Bao Temple
Chao Hu Zhong Miao .jpg
Temple on Chao Lake
Hua Tuo Hefei.jpg
Hua Tuo Statue
Hefei
Location map of Hefei, Anhui.png
Location of Hefei City jurisdiction in Anhui
Eastern China blank relief map.svg
Red pog.svg
Hefei
Location in Eastern China
China edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Hefei
Hefei (China)
Coordinates(Hefei municipal government): 31°49′14″N117°13′38″E / 31.8206°N 117.2273°E / 31.8206; 117.2273
Country China
Province Anhui
County-level divisions 7
Municipal seat Shushan District
Government
  Type Prefecture-level city
  Body Hefei Municipal People's Congress
   CCP Secretary Yu Aihua
   Congress ChairmanWang Weidong
  MayorLuo Yunfeng
   CPPCC ChairmanHan Bing
Area
   Prefecture-level city 11,434.25 km2 (4,414.79 sq mi)
  Urban
838.5 km2 (323.7 sq mi)
  Metro
7,055.6 km2 (2,724.2 sq mi)
Elevation
37 m (123 ft)
Population
 (2022 census) [1]
   Prefecture-level city 9,465,881
  Density830/km2 (2,100/sq mi)
   Urban
5,118,199
  Urban density6,100/km2 (16,000/sq mi)
   Metro
7,754,481
  Metro density1,100/km2 (2,800/sq mi)
GDP [2]
   Prefecture-level city CN¥ 1.141 trillion
US$ 145.0 billion
  Per capitaCN¥ 120,579
US$ 18,691
Time zone UTC+8 (CST)
Postal code
230000
Area code 551
ISO 3166 code CN-AH-01
License plate prefixes 皖A
Website hefei.gov.cn
City trees
Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.)
City flowers
Sweet Osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans Lour.)
Blossom of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
Hefei
Chinese 合肥
Postal Hofei
Literal meaning"Junction of the Fei Rivers"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Héféi
Wade–Giles Ho2-fei2
IPA [xɤ̌.fěɪ]
Wu
Romanization Gheh-vi
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization Hahp-fèih
Jyutping Hap6-fei4
IPA [hɐp̚˨.fej˩]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ Ha̍p-pûi

Hefei is located 130 kilometres (81 mi) west of Nanjing in south-central Anhui. Chao Lake, a lake 15 km (9 mi) southeast of the city, is one of the largest fresh water lakes in China. Though, the lake has unfortunately been polluted with nitrogen and phosphorus, in recent decades, [15] the situation is improving due to efforts by both the government and the people.

Climate

Hefei features a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) with four distinct seasons. Hefei's annual average temperature is 16.6 °C (61.9 °F). Its annual precipitation is just slightly over 1,000 millimetres (39 in), being heavier from May through August. Winters are damp and cold, with January lows dipping just below freezing and January averaging 2.8 °C (37.0 °F). The city sees irregular snowfalls that rarely turn significant. Occasional cold spells from Siberia that usually happen during winter months such as December, January, February. Sometimes November and March which can bring snow and heavier snowfall. (Springs are generally relatively pleasant if somewhat erratic. Summers are hot and humid, with a July average of 28.6 °C (83.5 °F). In the months of June, July, August, and often September, daily temperatures can reach or surpass 37 °C (99 °F) with high humidity levels being the norm. Autumn in Hefei sees a gradual cooling and drying. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 35 percent in March to 50 percent in August, the city receives 1,868 hours of bright sunshine annually. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −20.6 °C (−5 °F) on 6 January 1955, to 41.1 °C (106 °F) on 27 July 2017. [16]

Climate data for Hefei (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)20.7
(69.3)
27.5
(81.5)
30.4
(86.7)
34.7
(94.5)
36.4
(97.5)
37.8
(100.0)
41.1
(106.0)
41.0
(105.8)
38.6
(101.5)
39.9
(103.8)
30.1
(86.2)
23.7
(74.7)
41.1
(106.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)7.2
(45.0)
10.2
(50.4)
15.5
(59.9)
21.9
(71.4)
27.1
(80.8)
29.7
(85.5)
32.6
(90.7)
32.1
(89.8)
28.2
(82.8)
22.9
(73.2)
16.4
(61.5)
9.9
(49.8)
21.1
(70.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)3.1
(37.6)
5.7
(42.3)
10.6
(51.1)
16.8
(62.2)
22.2
(72.0)
25.6
(78.1)
28.6
(83.5)
27.9
(82.2)
23.6
(74.5)
17.9
(64.2)
11.4
(52.5)
5.3
(41.5)
16.6
(61.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−0.1
(31.8)
2.2
(36.0)
6.6
(43.9)
12.4
(54.3)
17.8
(64.0)
21.9
(71.4)
25.4
(77.7)
24.7
(76.5)
20.1
(68.2)
13.9
(57.0)
7.4
(45.3)
1.7
(35.1)
12.8
(55.1)
Record low °C (°F)−20.6
(−5.1)
−14.1
(6.6)
−7.3
(18.9)
−0.4
(31.3)
6.2
(43.2)
12.2
(54.0)
17.9
(64.2)
15.8
(60.4)
10.8
(51.4)
1.5
(34.7)
−5.1
(22.8)
−13.5
(7.7)
−20.6
(−5.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches)47.4
(1.87)
52.8
(2.08)
76.3
(3.00)
83.7
(3.30)
90.1
(3.55)
158.5
(6.24)
185.1
(7.29)
138.7
(5.46)
70.3
(2.77)
51.6
(2.03)
54.6
(2.15)
33.7
(1.33)
1,042.8
(41.07)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)9.08.810.39.810.410.511.811.98.18.38.26.8113.9
Average snowy days4.32.61.100000000.51.510
Average relative humidity (%)75747170717780817774757375
Mean monthly sunshine hours 109.2113.7143.2173.9182.9155.9186.2176.8150.0151.3140.4126.91,810.4
Percent possible sunshine 34363845433743434143454141
Source: China Meteorological Administration [17] [18] [19]

Air pollution

Air quality typically diminishes in May and June when the city is blanketed by smog caused by the smoke generated as farmers outside the city burn their fields in preparation for planting the next crop.

Administrative divisions and demographics

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1953 183,570    
1964 431,490+135.1%
1982 535,681+24.1%
1990 714,242+33.3%
2000 1,549,476+116.9%
2010 3,098,727+100.0%
2020 5,055,978+63.2%
Source: Census in China [20]

The majority of the population in Hefei are Han Chinese. There are a comparatively small number of Hui Chinese living in the city, for whom a few mosques have been constructed. Of the more than five million people in the city, some are migrant workers from other parts of Anhui.

Administration

The prefecture-level city of Hefei administers 9 county-level divisions, including 4 districts, 1 County-city and 4 counties.

Hefei subdivisions area (km2), population (According to 2010 Census) and population density (per km2). [21]

Map
Division code [22] English Chinese Pinyin Area in km2 [23] SeatPostal codeSubdivisions [24]
Subdistricts Towns Townships Ethnic townships Residential communitiesVillages
340100Hefei合肥市Héféi Shì11434.25 Shushan District 23000045651917361102
340102 Yaohai District 瑶海区Yáohǎi Qū142.90 Mingguang Road Subdistrict (明光路街道)230000132111818
340103 Luyang District 庐阳区Lúyáng Qū139.32 Bozhou Road Subdistrict (亳州路街道)2300001118414
340104 Shushan District 蜀山区Shǔshān Qū261.36 Sanli'an Subdistrict (三里庵街道)230000829217
340111 Baohe District 包河区Bāohé Qū294.94 Luogang Subdistrict (骆岗街道)230000727738
340121 Changfeng County 长丰县Chángfēng Xiàn1928.45 Shuihu (水湖镇)2311008680193
340122 Feidong County 肥东县Féidōng Xiàn2205.92 Dianbu (店埠镇)23160010495249
340123 Feixi County 肥西县Féixī Xiàn2082.66 Shangpai (上派镇)231200126190241
340124 Lujiang County 庐江县Lújiāng Xiàn2347.48 Lucheng (庐城镇)2315001738194
340181 Chaohu 巢湖市Cháohú Shì2031.22 Woniushan Subdistrict (卧牛山街道)238000611162138

Economy

Swan Lake CBD area Skylines of Hefei at Tianehu.jpg
Swan Lake CBD area

As of 2021, the GDP of Hefei is CN¥1,141.28 billion. The GDP per capita of the city is ¥121,187 (US$18,784), ranking within the top 20 of cities in China. [25]

As of 2023, the GDP of Hefei is CN¥1,267.38 billion. [26]

Investments and state-owned enterprises

Hefei's city government is highly engaged in business, both through state-owned enterprises and investment. [13] :128 This approach has helped drive economic growth and re-structure the cities economic base. [13] :128

In 2008, the local government spent US$3.5 billion for a controlling ownership stake in BOE Technology (Jingdongfang). [14] :185 BOE Technology subsequently grew to be one of the world's leading manufacturers of semiconductor products for telecommunications. [14] :185 It is also the world's largest manufacturer of liquid crystal displays, organic light-emitting diodes, and flexible displays. [13] :128

Also in 2008, Hefei invested heavily in iFlytek, a voice-recognition technology firm spun off from USTC. [13] :128

The local government invested heavily in NIO in order to integrate it with Hefei Changan Automobile, a legacy enterprise from the Third Front construction. [14] :185 NIO was on the brink of bankruptcy in 2020 when Hefei obtained a 25% stake in the company in exchange for RMB 7 billion. [27] :101 NIO moved its headquarters to Hefei, where the government helped it obtain loans from local banks to expand its supply chains. [27] :101 As of 2022, NIO is China's most successful electric vehicle manufacturer. [14] :184

Analysis of growth

Hefei has been identified by the Economist Intelligence Unit in the November 2010 Access China White Paper as a member of the CHAMPS (Chongqing, Hefei, Anshan, Ma'anshan, Pingdingshan and Shenyang), an economic profile of the top 20 emerging cities in China. [28]

Hefei was identified by The Economist in December 2012 as the world's No.1 fastest growing metropolitan economy. [29]

Transportation

Hefei South Railway Station Hefei South Railway Station.jpg
Hefei South Railway Station

Hefei has been the provincial capital since 1945 (before it was Lihuang, which is today's Jinzhai) and is a natural center of transportation, being situated to the north of Chao Lake and standing on a low saddle crossing the northeastern extension of the Dabie Mountains, which form the divide between the Huai and Yangtze rivers. From Hefei there is easy water transport via the lake to the Yangtze River opposite Wuhu.

Rail

There are two main train stations in Hefei. The newest one is Hefei South railway station (Hefeinan station, 合肥火车南站) where most high-speed trains pass through. The alternative station is Hefei railway station (合肥火车站) which is smaller and older.

There are some small stations such as Feidong Station (肥东火车站), Feixi Station (肥西火车站), Shuijiahu Station (水家湖火车站), Chaohu Station (巢湖火车站), Chaohu East railway station (Chaohudong station; 巢湖火车东站), Hefeibeicheng Station (Hefei Northtown Station 合肥北城火车站), Lujiang Station (庐江火车站) and so on. These stations are mostly located in small towns and connect commuters with the main city.

Air

Hefei Xinqiao International Airport replaced the old Hefei Luogang International Airport and started its operation on 30 May 2013, 00:00. This new domestic aviation hub is located in Gaoliu Village situated in the northwestern part of Hefei City. The first arriving flight was China Eastern Airlines flight MU5172 from Beijing Capital International Airport. The first departing flight was China Eastern Airlines MU5468 to Shanghai Pudong International Airport. Hefei Xinqiao International Airport provides scheduled passenger service to major airports in China and other international cities. Destinations include Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, Taipei (Taoyuan, Songshan), Kaohsiung, Taichung, Seoul, Cheongju, Yangyang, Jeju, Osaka, Nagoya, Shizuoka, Okayama, Boracay Island, Bali Island, Frankfurt, Siem Reap, Bangkok, Phuket Island and Krabi Island.

Subway

Entrance to Hefei South Railway South Square Station Entrance A2 of Hefei South Railway South Square Station.jpg
Entrance to Hefei South Railway South Square Station

Hefei Metro is a rapid transit rail network under construction that will eventually serve both urban and rural areas of Hefei. As planned, Line 1 covers a total distance of 24 kilometres (15 miles) starting from Hefei Railway Station. It was inaugurated in December 2016.

In February 2013, Metro Line 2 also began its construction. It is being built alongside the Changjiang Dong Road, Changjiang Zhong Road and Changjiang Xi Road, which is a major passenger corridor in the east–west direction. It will pass through the city center area and connect to a transit point where passengers will be able to take the shuttle bus to Hefei Xinqiao International Airport. The Line 2 was opened on 26 December 2017.

In November 2015, Metro Line 3 construction began. Line 3 was opened on 26 December 2019. Line 3 connects the New Station Exploitative-experimental Zone and the Economic Technology Development District, from the vocational education town to the university town. In 2016, Metro Line 4 construction began. Line 4 was opened on 26 December 2021. Line 4 connects the New Station Exploitative-experimental Zone and the High Technology Development District. In 2017, Metro Line 5 construction began. The south part of Line 5 was opened on 26 December 2020. Line 5 connects Binhu New District and the Beicheng (North city) New District. The north part of Line 5 is expected to open at the end of 2022.

Alongside Line 1, Line 2, Line 3, Line 4 and Line 5, Hefei is also planning to build other 12 metro lines, 4 lines of intra-metropolitan rail transit (to Lu'an, Huainan, Lujiang and Chaohu) and 3 lines of tram and hopefully accomplish the project by 2030.

Bus

There is an extensive public bus system in the city, including eight bus rapid transit lines. There are several commuter lines which only run at designated time or having a large interval. [30]

Research

Hefei plays an important role in scientific research in China. It has seven national laboratories, second only to Beijing: The National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (Chinese:国家同步辐射实验室; pinyin:Guójiā tóngbù fúshè shíyàn shì), the Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale (Chinese:微尺度物质科学国家实验室; pinyin:Wēi chǐdù wùzhí kēxué guójiā shíyàn shì), both of which are under the University of Science and Technology of China. It also has the Institute of Solid State Physics, Institute of Plasma Physics, Institute of Intelligent Machines, High Magnetic Field Laboratory (founded in 2008), Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, all of which are under the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science which belongs to the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Hefei is the location of Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak, an experimental superconducting tokamak magnetic fusion energy reactor.

The No. 105 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, located in Hefei, is reportedly the site of the first human trials using CRISPR genome editing, doing so in 2015. [31]

As of 2017, Hefei had 60 universities and more than 564 research institutes. [13] :126

Hefei is a world leading city for scientific research, with its ranking placed at 13th globally, 8th in the Asia-Pacific and 6th in China (behind Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Guangzhou and Wuhan), as tracked by the Nature Index in 2023. [5]

Hefei was one of the four national science centers identified in China's 14th Five-Year Plan. [13] :126

Universities

An older (c.2007) view of University of Science and Technology of China, including the Teaching Building II and the old library (now an administrative building) USTC.jpg
An older (c.2007) view of University of Science and Technology of China, including the Teaching Building II and the old library (now an administrative building)

The city is represented by several major universities, including the University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui University, Anhui Agricultural University and Anhui Medical University. [6] Notably, the University of Science and Technology of China is one of the top 100th comprehensive public research universities in the world. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]

Yicheng Prison

Yicheng Prison is located within the city. It was built during the 1983 "Strike Hard" campaign and was formerly Hefei Zhenxing Machine Parts Factory. On 15 June 1984, the Prov. Justice Dept. decided to change the name of the Machine Parts Factory's Internal Dept. to the Prov. Independent LRC. On 17 March 1986, the city's Party Committee and government agreed to the change. On 26 April more than 400 inmates were transferred to Hefei Shangzhangwei Farm and Baihu Farm. In February 1992 a secondary country level prison was created at the Shangzhangwei Farm. In August 1992 the Hefei City LRD level was upgraded by the government. June 1996 the prison was changed to its present name. It is currently controlled by Hefei city. It mainly houses prisoners with sentences of less than 5 years and houses up to 1000 prisoners a year. In the past 20 years, nearly 20,000 inmates have completed their sentences here. The prison mainly cultivates vegetables and rice but also cooperates with the Zhejiang Rongguang Group and produces soccer training shoes, soccer balls, tourism products, and other products. [32]

Sport

Hefei had its own football team called Anhui Jiufang, who in the 2007–08 season were promoted from the Chinese Football Association Yi League to the Chinese Football Association Jia League which is the second highest tier of Chinese football. It was acquired by Tianjin Runyulong in 2011.

Sites of interest

Former Residence of Li Hongzhang Former Residence of Li Hongzhang.jpg
Former Residence of Li Hongzhang
Hefei Olympic Sports Center Stadium Hefei Olympic Sports Center Stadium.jpg
Hefei Olympic Sports Center Stadium
Hefei Grand Theatre Hefei Grand Theatre3.jpg
Hefei Grand Theatre

Notable people

Sister cities

See also

Related Research Articles

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Hefeinan railway station is a railway station located in Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui, China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chaohu East railway station</span> Railway station in Hefei, China

Chaohu East railway station is a railway station in Chaohu, Hefei, Anhui. This station commenced services with Hefei–Fuzhou high-speed railway on June 28, 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hefei Beicheng railway station</span> Railway station in Changfeng, Hefei, Anhui

Hefei Beicheng railway station is a railway station in Hefei North City New Area, Changfeng County, Hefei, Anhui, China. The station is named after the Hefei North City New Area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Feidong railway station</span> Closed railway station in Hefei, Anhui

Feidong railway station is a closed railway station in Feidong County, Hefei, Anhui, China. The railway station closed on 11 October 2023 and will reopen when North Riverside high-speed railway opens.

Zhegao railway station is a railway station in Chaohu City, Hefei, Anhui, China.

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