NUDT was instrumental in the development of the Tianhe-2 supercomputer.[5] In 2017, the university incorporated five military colleges, which are the PLA College of International Relations, the PLA College of National Defense Information, the PLA Xi'an Telecommunication College, the PLA College of Electronic Engineering, and the PLA Science and Engineering University College of Meteorology and Oceanography.[6]
Due to its military nature and lack of public information, NUDT has not been ranked or ranked accurately or adequately. Considered the No.1 military academy in China, NUDT has been consistently called the "Military Tsinghua" (Tsinghua being the highest ranked science and technology-focused university in China). In a 2016 Chinese ranking, NUDT was ranked as one of the only four "Seven Star" universities in China (others include Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the Chinese Academy of Science).
On July 11, Chairman Mao Zedong appointed Grand GeneralChen Geng as the first dean and president. On August 22, the CMC established the Military Academy of Engineering Preparatory Committee, and established an office at No. 59 Gongjian Alley in Beijing on September 1. The preparatory committee composed of Grand General Chen Geng as Committee Chairman, Xu Lixing as Vice Chairman, Li Maozhi, Zhang Yan, Huang Jingwen, Hu Xiangjiu, Zhang Shuzu, Ren Xinmin, Shen Zhenggong, and Zhao Zili. On September 16, 1952, the CMC General Political Department approved the establishment of the Provisional Communist Party Committee within the Preparatory Committee with Grand General Chen Geng as the interim party secretary and consisting of Xu Lixing, Li Maozhi, Zhang Yan, Hu Xiangjiu, and Huang Jingwen. On November 24, the CMC granted final approval for the academy and issued to the entire army "instructions for the transfer of 300 teaching assistants and 1,000 cadets to the Military Engineering Academy." The same day, the preparatory committee submitted a preliminary plan for school building to the Central Military Committee.
On June 3, 1952, CCP Premier Zhou Enlai wrote to the Vice Chairman Nikolai Bulganin of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union asking for consultants and experts to help establish the new Military Academy of Engineering. On May 13, 1953, a Soviet advisory group arrived. After the establishment of the institute, more than 300 Soviet experts in various fields participated in the construction of the institute. This relation continued until the breakdown in Sino-Soviet relations in the 1960s. As part of the establishment, the Central Military Commission used volunteers from the 3rd Army Corps, the Second Advanced Infantry School of the Southwest Military Region and the Military Science Research Office of East China Military Region. Upon completion, the training of military science and technology talent was extended to all service branches.
On December 15, 1952, the Central Military Commission approved the establishment of the Military Academy of Engineering Construction Committee. On January 30, 1953, the CMC General Political Department approved the Communist Party Committee of the Academy of Military Engineering. On February 21, 1953, the Central Military Commission placed the Academy of Military Engineering under its direct leadership. On April 25, construction began. On May 15, 1953, Chairman Mao Zedong ordered a limit of 800 maximum graduating students per year. On August 26, 1953, Mao Zedong issued the instructions for the establishment of the Military Academy of Engineering and the first semester, and wrote the registration for it.
On 1 September 1953, the Military Academy of Engineering opened its doors, with the opening ceremony attended by the Deputy Chief-of-Staff Zhang Zongxun. Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, He Long, Liu Bocheng, Luo Ronghuan and others wrote inscriptions for the college. The academy consisted of 6 departments, 5 colleges, 22 junior colleges, and 24 undergraduate majors. The colleges were 1st Air Force Engineering, 2nd Artillery Engineering, 3rd Naval Engineering, 4rd Armored Force Engineering and 5th Corps of Engineers.
On 1 September 1955, the academy curricula was changed to five years. At the same time, the Ministry of Science and Education issued "Interim Regulations (Draft) for Postgraduate Classes" as part of the development of the academy's graduate program.
The university was founded as the premier military academy of China. It had five departments and one prep department at the time of its founding, including departments of The departments of Chemical Warfare and Nuclear Warfare were established later.
During the Cultural Revolution, the university was transitioned to the Committee of National Defense Science and Technology, and was renamed Harbin Academy of Engineering in 1966. In 1970, the main body of the university including its central administration and 4 departments moved to Changsha in South-Central China due to the possible war with the Soviet Union, and was renamed Changsha Institute of Technology. Other departments were converted to at least five independent national universities, or taken by other national universities or science research institute. The university's name was changed to People's Liberation Army National University of Defense Technology in 1978 after the Cultural Revolution was over.
In 2017, as part of the massive military reforms, the PLA Electronic Engineering Institute, PLA Institute of International Relations, PLA National Defense Information Institute, PLA Xi’an Institute of Communication and The Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography of the University of Science and Technology were consolidated under the NUDT.
The university consists of 11 colleges administering over 40 departments, institutes and laboratories, four national key laboratories and one key laboratory at the Ministry of Education level.
Currently, NUDT has over 2,000 faculty members, over 300 of whom are professors. There are 14,000 full-time students including 8,400 undergraduates and 5,600 graduates. NUDT offers 25 subjects for undergraduates, 112 programs for master's degree candidates, and 69 programs for PhD candidates. 11 post-doctoral research stations have been authorized on campus.
NUDT supercomputers
Yinhe-I (YH-I)
Yinhe-1 was developed in 1983 as the leading supercomputer in China with a performance level of 100MFLOPS.
Yinhe-II (YH-II)
Yinhe-II was built in 1992 achieving performance of 1GFLOPS.
Tianhe-I was first revealed to the public on 29 October 2009, and was immediately ranked as the world's fifth fastest supercomputer in the TOP500 list released at the 2009 Supercomputing Conference (SC09) held in Portland, Oregon, on 16 November 2009.
In November 2011, the Tianhe-1A ranked as the second fastest supercomputer in the world on TOP500 after it was surpassed by K Computer by Fujitsu of Japan.
The Central Military Commission (CMC) is the highest military leadership body of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China (PRC), which heads the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the People's Armed Police (PAP), and the Militia of China.
The National Defense University (中国人民解放军国防大学) is a national public collegiate military university headquartered in Haidian, Beijing, China, with constituent and affiliated military academies nationwide. Established in 1985 by a military order of Deng Xiaoping, the university is under the "institutional leadership" of the Central Military Commission. The university is the highest military education institution of China.
The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-distributed computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the supercomputers twice a year. The first of these updates always coincides with the International Supercomputing Conference in June, and the second is presented at the ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference in November. The project aims to provide a reliable basis for tracking and detecting trends in high-performance computing and bases rankings on HPL benchmarks, a portable implementation of the high-performance LINPACK benchmark written in Fortran for distributed-memory computers.
Sugon, officially Dawning Information Industry Company Limited, is a supercomputer manufacturer based in the People's Republic of China. The company is a spin-off from research done at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and still has close links to it.
IBM Sequoia was a petascale Blue Gene/Q supercomputer constructed by IBM for the National Nuclear Security Administration as part of the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program (ASC). It was delivered to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in 2011 and was fully deployed in June 2012. Sequoia was dismantled in 2020, its last position on the top500.org list was #22 in the November 2019 list.
Tianhe-I, Tianhe-1, or TH-1 is a supercomputer capable of an Rmax of 2.5 peta FLOPS. Located at the National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin, China, it was the fastest computer in the world from October 2010 to June 2011 and was one of the few petascale supercomputers in the world.
Exascale computing refers to computing systems capable of calculating at least 1018 IEEE 754 Double Precision (64-bit) operations (multiplications and/or additions) per second (exaFLOPS)"; it is a measure of supercomputer performance.
The National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin is a supercomputing facility located at the National Defense Science and Technology University in Tianjin, China. One of the fastest supercomputers in the world, Tianhe-1A, is located at the facility.
China operates a number of supercomputer centers. In the mid-2010s, Chinese supercomputers occupied top spots on the TOP500. Since 2019, after the U.S. began levying sanctions on several Chinese companies involving with supercomputing, less public information is available on the state of supercomputing in China.
The K computer – named for the Japanese word/numeral "kei" (京), meaning 10 quadrillion (1016) – was a supercomputer manufactured by Fujitsu, installed at the Riken Advanced Institute for Computational Science campus in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. The K computer was based on a distributed memory architecture with over 80,000 compute nodes. It was used for a variety of applications, including climate research, disaster prevention and medical research. The K computer's operating system was based on the Linux kernel, with additional drivers designed to make use of the computer's hardware.
Several centers for supercomputing exist across Europe, and distributed access to them is coordinated by European initiatives to facilitate high-performance computing. One such initiative, the HPC Europa project, fits within the Distributed European Infrastructure for Supercomputing Applications (DEISA), which was formed in 2002 as a consortium of eleven supercomputing centers from seven European countries. Operating within the CORDIS framework, HPC Europa aims to provide access to supercomputers across Europe.
FeiTeng is the name of several computer central processing units designed and produced in China for supercomputing applications. The microprocessors have been developed by Tianjin Phytium Technology. The processors have also been described as the YinHeFeiTeng family. This CPU family has been developed by a team directed by NUDT's Professor Xing Zuocheng.
Tianhe-2 or TH-2 is a 3.86-petaflop supercomputer located in the National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou, China. It was developed by a team of 1,300 scientists and engineers.
Liu Zhuoming is a vice admiral of China's People's Liberation Army Navy. He serves as Deputy Director of the PLA General Armament Department's Science and Technology Commission. He is the son of Admiral Liu Huaqing, former CMC vice-chairman and commander of the PLA Navy.
The following is a list of the orders and medals issued by the People's Republic of China since its founding. The Working Committee of Party and State Merit and Honour Commendation is responsible for coordinating the work of Party and state merit and honor commendation.
The People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force was a service branch of the People's Liberation Army that existed from December 2015 to April 2024.
The Sunway TaihuLight is a Chinese supercomputer which, as of November 2023, is ranked 11th in the TOP500 list, with a LINPACK benchmark rating of 93 petaflops. The name is translated as divine power, the light of Taihu Lake. This is nearly three times as fast as the previous Tianhe-2, which ran at 34 petaflops. As of June 2017, it is ranked as the 16th most energy-efficient supercomputer in the Green500, with an efficiency of 6.1 GFlops/watt. It was designed by the National Research Center of Parallel Computer Engineering & Technology (NRCPC) and is located at the National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi in the city of Wuxi, in Jiangsu province, China.
Peng Shaohui was a general in the People's Liberation Army of China, who served two separate terms as deputy commander of the People's Liberation Army, from 1954 to 1967 and from 1969 to 1978. Peng was the only fellow-villager of Mao Zedong in the People's Liberation Army. He was known as "One-Armed General".
Yang Xuejun is a Chinese educator and computer scientist currently serving as president of the PLA Academy of Military Science. Previously he served as president of the National University of Defense Technology. He was promoted to the rank of major general (shaojiang) in 2004, lieutenant general (zhongjiang) in August 2013 and general (shangjiang) in December 2019.
The Science and Technology Commission of the Central Military Commission is a one institution, two names organ, a Theater Deputy-grade unit, and a first-level functional agency of China's CMC in charge of providing guidance and direction to all forms of research and development related to defense science and technology. It is located in Beijing.
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